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DhÃ¢t dan Sifah Tuhan dalam Konsep Tauhid Muâtazilah Zarkasyi, Amal Fathullah
ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman Vol 5, No 1 (2010): Islamica
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

In Islamic thought, Muâtazilah has been classified as a rational form of current of thought. This paper is interested in exploring in a deeper manner this Mutazilite rationalism be referring specirfically to its concept of tauhid. We argue that Muâtazilah is concerned simply with presenting this concept in its purest form. Hence, they reject the notion of God having similarity with His creatures (tashbÃ®h) and of Him having earthly body (tajsÃ®m). Interestingly however, the Muktzilah is not always consistent with this general hypothesis, and argue for example that the attributes of Godâlike His words, the Qurâanâare created (makhlÃ»q). We will try to expose that inconsistence as part of our critique to the Muâtazilah. The paper will also discuss proportionately the problems of tawh Ã®d rubÃ»bÃ®yah and tauhid al-dhÃ¢t wa al-s ifah, of which the Muâtazilah has given reasonably especial attention. With regard to tauhid ulÃ»hÃ®yah, the paper will only speak in general terms considering that the concept has not recived a clear explanation of the Muâtazilah. We understand nonetheless that this latter concept is about a rasional argumentation concerning the existence of God.

Repositioning of Religious Moderation in Indonesia: a Conceptual Analysis Review with Phenomenology Approach Prayogo, Tonny Ilham; Zarkasyi, Amal Fathullah; Arroisi, Jarman; Indah, Nurmala
ADDIN Vol 18, No 1 (2024): ADDIN
Publisher : LPPM IAIN Kudus

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21043/addin.v18i1.22218

Religious diversity in Indonesia is confronted with two significant challenges. The first is the challenge posed by those who espouse radical or liberalist views, while the second is the refraction of religious pluralism by those who equate its main objectives. Consequently, the presence of religious moderation represents a viable approach to fostering tolerance and harmony between religious communities. The objective of this research is to examine the values of religious moderation in the context of al-Wasathiyyah al-Islamiyyah, with a view to identifying potential solutions. This type of research is a literature review (LR) that analyses and synthesises the strengthening of religious moderation according to al-Wasathiyyah al-Islamiyyah. Accordingly, to buttress this line of inquiry, the researcher has adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, complemented by a religious phenomenology methodology. The findings of this study indicate that al-Wasathiyyah al-Islamiyyah is characterised by a set of prioritised indicators, namely the maintenance of al-Maqashid asy-Syari’ah on religious freedom, unity on the purpose of life, unity on life guidelines, and unity on human diversity. In order to maintain the unity of multicultural Indonesian society, it is necessary to create an atmosphere of justice, peace, harmony and tolerance. This will enrich the inclusive and progressive Islamic discourse in the contemporary era.

THE WESTERN PRAGMATISM PHILOSOPHY BASED ON KALÂM JADÎD’S PERSPECTIVE Muslih, Muhammad Kholid; Zarkasyi, Amal Fathullah; Hidayat, Muhammad Sofian
Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi Islam Vol 24, No 2 (2023): Islamic Philosophy & Mysticism
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/ua.v24i2.22888

This article examines the philosophy of Western pragmatism since pragmatism is considered to be a real threat to human civilisation. It happens because pragmatism, as a philosophy, makes empirical facts and usefulness as the basis of everything. Thus, it fosters a sceptical attitude towards everything, doing things based on certain benefits, and ignoring norms as well as religious values. This study is a literature study since it examines various sources (books and scientific articles) analysed with a socio-historical approach with Kalâm jadîd science as the basis. The study focuses on the critical analysis on the concepts of knowledge, truth, morals and religion of the philosophy of pragmatism. This study shows that the concept of the philosophy of pragmatism is extremely contrary to Islamic values and teachings. Firstly, pragmatism has its own concept of truth, where empiricism and coherence of ideas and reality determine the value of a truth. Secondly, knowledge will be considered relevant as a scientific discipline if it is able to have a direct impact on and value or benefits for human life. Thirdly, religion and morals are realised as actions done according to human will.

Repositioning of Religious Moderation in Indonesia: a Conceptual Analysis Review with Phenomenology Approach Prayogo, Tonny Ilham; Zarkasyi, Amal Fathullah; Arroisi, Jarman; Indah, Nurmala
ADDIN Vol 18, No 1 (2024): ADDIN
Publisher : LPPM IAIN Kudus

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21043/addin.v18i1.22218

Religious diversity in Indonesia is confronted with two significant challenges. The first is the challenge posed by those who espouse radical or liberalist views, while the second is the refraction of religious pluralism by those who equate its main objectives. Consequently, the presence of religious moderation represents a viable approach to fostering tolerance and harmony between religious communities. The objective of this research is to examine the values of religious moderation in the context of al-Wasathiyyah al-Islamiyyah, with a view to identifying potential solutions. This type of research is a literature review (LR) that analyses and synthesises the strengthening of religious moderation according to al-Wasathiyyah al-Islamiyyah. Accordingly, to buttress this line of inquiry, the researcher has adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, complemented by a religious phenomenology methodology. The findings of this study indicate that al-Wasathiyyah al-Islamiyyah is characterised by a set of prioritised indicators, namely the maintenance of al-Maqashid asy-Syari’ah on religious freedom, unity on the purpose of life, unity on life guidelines, and unity on human diversity. In order to maintain the unity of multicultural Indonesian society, it is necessary to create an atmosphere of justice, peace, harmony and tolerance. This will enrich the inclusive and progressive Islamic discourse in the contemporary era.

Epistimologi Sayyid Qutub Agama dan Negara dan Relevansinya Peningkatan Ekonomi Islam Kusuma, Amir Reza; Latief, Mohamad; Zarkasyi, Amal Fathullah; Muslih, Mohammad
Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam Vol 10, No 3 (2024): JIEI : Vol.10, No.3, 2024
Publisher : ITB AAS INDONESIA Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29040/jiei.v10i3.15426

Islamic syaria diskursus hubungan agama dan negara tetap hangat diperbincangkan dari waktu ke waktu. Mencuatnya ragam intrik atas Islam sebagi model ideal politik menimbulkan pro-kontra. Ini dibuktikan dengan wujudnya golongan yang merasa keberatan jika Islam dianggap tidak mengatur politik. Yang lebih mencengangkan lagi umat muslim yang sudah memiliki worldview Islam pandangan hidup yang benar identifikasi sistim politik Islam hanya dapat dilakukan dengan merujuk kepada Islamic Worldview yang dipancarkan oleh al-Quran dan diperjelas oleh Nabi serta dipraktekanya. Semua itu diperkaya dengan praktek pada sahabat dan wacana para ulama sesudahnya. Jika sistem politik Islam telah ditemukan identitasnya maka lngkah selanjutnya adalah melaukan pengembangan secara konseptual.

Quranic Epistemology of Abdullah Darraz on His Critic of Morality: A Study of the Book Dustūr al-Akhlāq fī Al-Qur’ān Ma'arif, Cholid; Zarkasyi, Amal Fathullah; Mukaromah, Kholila
AL-TAHRIR Vol 24 No 2 (2024): Islamic Studies
Publisher : IAIN Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21154/altahrir.v24i2.8706

This paper reveals descriptively the textual basis of Muhammad Abdullah Darraz’s thoughts as stated in his work Dustūr al-Akhlāq fī al-Qur’ān: Dirāsah Muqāranah li al-Akhlāq al-Nażāriyyāt fī al-Qur’ān. It aims to confirm the extent of the text analysis model used by Darraz in formulating the concept of Islamic morality. The researcher used a qualitative research type and a content analysis approach by tracing the interpretation of the verses of the Koran and the background to the criticism built by Darraz. This research makes Dustūr al-Akhlāq fī al-Qur’ān a material object and the critic of morality as a formal object. The fīndings are as follows: Fīrst, in his thought project, Darraz uses Qur’anic epistemology by indirectly using al-Ghazali’s maqāṣīd al-Qur’ān method. So, with this method, he succeeded in finding forms of commands in various pronunciations of the Qur’an to confīrm the Shari'ah of overall morality. Second, Darraz proved that Islamic morality differs from Western morality based on empiricism and is not value-free. This is preceded by constructive criticism of the existing Islamic treasures and their further development. On the other hand, it applies destructive criticism to Western views on morality. In short, Darraz's thought project is an anti-thesis effort to the conventional concept of morality that has developed by offering an original reference to understanding the Koran.

Epistimologi Sayyid Qutub Agama dan Negara dan Relevansinya Peningkatan Ekonomi Islam Kusuma, Amir Reza; Latief, Mohamad; Zarkasyi, Amal Fathullah; Muslih, Mohammad
Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam Vol. 10 No. 3 (2024): JIEI : Vol.10, No.3, 2024
Publisher : ITB AAS INDONESIA Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29040/jiei.v10i3.15426

Islamic syaria diskursus hubungan agama dan negara tetap hangat diperbincangkan dari waktu ke waktu. Mencuatnya ragam intrik atas Islam sebagi model ideal politik menimbulkan pro-kontra. Ini dibuktikan dengan wujudnya golongan yang merasa keberatan jika Islam dianggap tidak mengatur politik. Yang lebih mencengangkan lagi umat muslim yang sudah memiliki worldview Islam pandangan hidup yang benar identifikasi sistim politik Islam hanya dapat dilakukan dengan merujuk kepada Islamic Worldview yang dipancarkan oleh al-Quran dan diperjelas oleh Nabi serta dipraktekanya. Semua itu diperkaya dengan praktek pada sahabat dan wacana para ulama sesudahnya. Jika sistem politik Islam telah ditemukan identitasnya maka lngkah selanjutnya adalah melaukan pengembangan secara konseptual.

The Theological Discourse on Divine Attributes: A Comparative Study of Ashʿarite, Māturīdite, and Muʿtazilite Perspectives Zarkasyi, Amal Fathullah; Syamil, Ahmad Hisyam; Kusuma, Amir Reza; Wijaya, Agarin Muqsit
Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Islamic and Occidental Studies
Publisher : Center of Islamic and Occidental Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jios.v3i1.56

This study examines the theological perspectives on Divine Attributes among the Ashʿarī, Māturīdī, and Muʿtazilite schools, highlighting their doctrinal differences and methodological approaches. While the Ashʿarīs affirm Divine Attributes as neither identical to nor separate from God’s essence, the Māturīdīs emphasize rational-textual balance, rejecting anthropomorphism without negating attributes. In contrast, the Muʿtazilites deny eternal attributes, arguing they compromise God’s unity (tawḥīd), and interpret scriptural anthropomorphisms metaphorically. Employing a critical-analytical method, this research reveals how these schools navigate the tension between divine transcendence and scriptural literalism. The findings underscore the Ashʿarī-Māturīdī alignment against Muʿtazilite rationalism, while noting subtle divergences between them. The study contributes to broader Islamic theological discourse by clarifying these schools’ positions on Divine Attributes.

The Concept of Marxism and Its Correlation with Religion Zarkasyi, Amal Fathullah; Mahbubah, Khotimatul; Saputro, Agus Dwi; Mafaza, Ahmad Tauhid
KALAM Vol 16 No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin and Religious Study, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/klm.v16i1.10103

The ideology of Marxism that was a response to capitalism is considered a comprehensive view of life. Its emergence in the midst of oppression is seen as a significant solution. In fact, it is called a complete theoretical system. Marx with his ideology endeavour to defend and stop the exploitation of the proletariat caused by the capitalist bourgeoisie. This research is a qualitative library research. Sources of data were obtained from several books, journals and literatures that have relevance to this research. While the analytical method used is a critical analysis method using an Islamic worldview approach. The aim of this study is to explain the concept of Marxism then analyze and criticize it with an Islamic worldview. The results of this study explain that the ideology of Marxism seems to provide a solution but in fact it brings more complex problems. Instead of prospering humans from the alienation of the capitalist system, this ideology actually alienates humans in another way, namely distancing humans from private property which is clearly allowed in Islam. This ideology has even alienated humans from their religion. The conclusion is that Marx is not fundamental in his efforts to provide solutions. He only looks at the economic aspect even though in this life there are various aspects. His solution is partial and does not move integrally as is the case in Islam.

Intuition According to Imam al-Ghazali and It’s Role as Methods of Acquiring Knowledge Hasib, Kholili; Zarkasyi, Amal Fathullah; Muslih, Muhammad Khalid
KALAM Vol 18 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin and Religious Study, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/002024181880100

This article is aimed at elaborating on the role of intuition as a valid methodology in acquiring knowledge according to Imam al-Ghazali's thought. The concept of knowledge according to Imam al-Ghazali culminates in the thought of the Sufis. That is to make intuitive knowledge a very important knowledge than other knowledge. This study uses descriptive and philosophical analysis methods by using the philosophy of science of Prof. Syed M Naquib al-Attas. From the study conducted, it is known that Imam al-Ghazali mentions several terms for intuitive knowledge: ilham, mukasyafah, hads, or wijdan. However, the term mukasyafah was discussed more by Imam al-Ghazali in his work. Ilham and hads are sometimes referred to the same meaning. Mukasyafah is mentioned more because it seems that in Imam al-Ghazali's view it is the highest spiritual knowledge. Intuition through mukasyafah is included in the ma'rifah category. Imam al-Ghazali distinguishes between al-ilm and al-ma'rifah. Al-Ilm is knowledge acquired through reason and sensory experience. While ma'rifah is knowledge obtained through the method of intuition that culminates in the introduction to Allah SWT. However, from the study it was also found that between al-ilm and al-ma'rifah did not differ dichotomously. However, Imam al-Ghazali's view shows that al-ma'rifah must be the basis of the development of al-ilm. The purpose of acquiring knowledge through al-ilm must culminate in the introduction of Allah SWT. The acquisition of al-ilm is called al-mi'raj al-awwal (the first ladder of acquiring knowledge). The acquisition of al-ma'rifah is called al-mi'raj ats-tsaniyah (second ladder of acquiring knowledge). In al-mi'raj ats-tasniyah, one gets an understanding of the nature of reality and the real truth. With this basis, spiritual knowledge is the basis of all knowledge. So, scientists should not stop at acquiring knowledge in the alamu ash- shahadah but they need to improve their findings in the alam al-Malakut. If so, then scientists who use intuition as the basis of their knowledge, see the existence of nature that must be based on tauhid, namely the tauhid of the muqarrabun. The highest level of tauhid. So that someone can gain knowledge of wisdom and recognize the nature of this natural reality, namely the Absolute Reality of Allah SWT. Subsequently, a scientist can gain knowledge of wisdom (hikmah). This wisdom moves to do justice to nature. This perspective with high spirituality awareness gives birth to a fair attitude towards nature and the environment. Nature is not seen as an inanimate object that stands free, but nature is a manifestation of Allah SWT. In that way, he recognizes adab to nature.

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