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All Journal Jurnal Inovasi Pangan dan Gizi Journal of Health and Physical
Husna, Firda Asma’ul
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Dentistry Environmental Science Health Professions Public Health

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Bioactive proteins in breast milk and their impact on infant gut development Hermawati, Luluk; Irawati, Nur Bebi Ulfah; Zulfa, Hilizza Awalina; Fidusia, Amanah Eva; Agustianti, Erika; Husna, Firda Asma’ul
Jurnal Inovasi Pangan dan Gizi Vol. 2 No. 2: (August) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/jipagi.v2i2.2147

Abstract

Background: During early stages of life, breast milk is the mainstay of nutrition. Beyond delivering vital amino acids, certain proteins like lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin, sIgA, and lysozyme bolster the infant's gastrointestinal system and provide protective mucosal factors alongside immunomodulatory functions, helping shape the gut microbiome. The goal of this review is to analyze the scientific literature on the types and composition of proteins in breast milk, their biological functions, and their effects regarding the development and protection of the infant’s gastrointestinal tract with special focus on the mechanisms of mucosal immunity, mucosal defense, and microbial colonization. Methods: A literature search was conducted through PubMed, and Google Scholar databases with the terms bioactive, breastmilk, gut, infant, and microbiota. Only articles published between 2015 and 2025 were chosen for their relevance to the topic and methodological soundness. Findings: Whey proteins, which dominate the early lactation phase, contain bioactive peptides that are easily absorbed and support enterocyte maturation. Lactoferrin and sIgA contribute to maintaining mucosal integrity and preventing pathogen colonization. Growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) accelerate epithelial maturation and strengthen tight junctions, while other proteins like osteopontin and beta-casein help shape a favorable microbial ecosystem. Conclusion: Breast milk proteins contribute multifaceted roles in gastrointestinal and immune system development, underscoring the importance of exclusive breastfeeding as a foundation for neonatal gastrointestinal and immunological health. Novelty/Originality of this article: This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the diverse roles of breast milk proteins in shaping infant gastrointestinal development and mucosal immunity by emphasizing perspectives that integrate evidence focused on nutrition, immunology, and the microbiome in a way that has not been fully addressed in previous literature.
Role of Breakfast in Modulating Cognitive Attention through Glucose Metabolism: A Literature Review Herlia, Renata Zhafira Putri; Hermawati, Luluk; Husna, Firda Asma’ul; Munifatuzzahra, Munifatuzzahra; Kusuma Wardani, Rizky
Journal of Health and Physical Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : BALE LITERASI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58218/jhp.v2i1.2507

Abstract

Breakfast is an essential daily meal that plays a key role in supporting both metabolic and cognitive functions. Glucose, as the brain’s primary energy source, is crucial for maintaining attention, memory, and executive function through neuronal activity and neurotransmitter regulation. This review aims to explore how breakfast consumption influences cognitive attention through mechanisms related to glucose metabolism. A narrative review approach was employed, drawing on literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar published between 2015 and 2026. The findings indicate that eating breakfast helps restore and stabilize blood glucose levels after an overnight fast, thereby supporting cognitive performance—particularly in children and young adults. In addition, the quality and nutritional composition of breakfast, especially meals with a low glycemic index, contribute to more stable glucose levels and sustained cognitive function. In contrast, skipping breakfast has been associated with reduced attention and poorer mental performance. Overall, maintaining a regular and well-balanced breakfast appears to be an important factor in supporting cognitive function through effective glucose regulation, with meaningful implications for brain health and cognitive performance.
Co-Authors Agustianti, Erika Fidusia, Amanah Eva Herlia, Renata Zhafira Putri Irawati, Nur Bebi Ulfah Kusuma Wardani, Rizky Luluk Hermawati Munifatuzzahra, Munifatuzzahra Zulfa, Hilizza Awalina