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All Journal Jurnal Inovasi Pangan dan Gizi Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran
Fidusia, Amanah Eva
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Education Environmental Science

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Bioactive proteins in breast milk and their impact on infant gut development Hermawati, Luluk; Irawati, Nur Bebi Ulfah; Zulfa, Hilizza Awalina; Fidusia, Amanah Eva; Agustianti, Erika; Husna, Firda Asma’ul
Jurnal Inovasi Pangan dan Gizi Vol. 2 No. 2: (August) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/jipagi.v2i2.2147

Abstract

Background: During early stages of life, breast milk is the mainstay of nutrition. Beyond delivering vital amino acids, certain proteins like lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin, sIgA, and lysozyme bolster the infant's gastrointestinal system and provide protective mucosal factors alongside immunomodulatory functions, helping shape the gut microbiome. The goal of this review is to analyze the scientific literature on the types and composition of proteins in breast milk, their biological functions, and their effects regarding the development and protection of the infant’s gastrointestinal tract with special focus on the mechanisms of mucosal immunity, mucosal defense, and microbial colonization. Methods: A literature search was conducted through PubMed, and Google Scholar databases with the terms bioactive, breastmilk, gut, infant, and microbiota. Only articles published between 2015 and 2025 were chosen for their relevance to the topic and methodological soundness. Findings: Whey proteins, which dominate the early lactation phase, contain bioactive peptides that are easily absorbed and support enterocyte maturation. Lactoferrin and sIgA contribute to maintaining mucosal integrity and preventing pathogen colonization. Growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) accelerate epithelial maturation and strengthen tight junctions, while other proteins like osteopontin and beta-casein help shape a favorable microbial ecosystem. Conclusion: Breast milk proteins contribute multifaceted roles in gastrointestinal and immune system development, underscoring the importance of exclusive breastfeeding as a foundation for neonatal gastrointestinal and immunological health. Novelty/Originality of this article: This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the diverse roles of breast milk proteins in shaping infant gastrointestinal development and mucosal immunity by emphasizing perspectives that integrate evidence focused on nutrition, immunology, and the microbiome in a way that has not been fully addressed in previous literature.
Problem-Based Learning Dan Pengembangan Higher-Order Thinking Skills Pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran: Tinjauan Literatur Wulansari, Ekawati Rini; Fidusia, Amanah Eva; Agustianti, Erika; Asma’ul Husna, Firda; Darifah, Siti; Trisnasari , erni; Hermawati, Luluk
Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Arfah BHMS Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63980/eduvasi.v1i3.93

Abstract

Modern medical education emphasizes not only the mastery of medical knowledge but also the development of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS), including critical thinking, problem solving, and self-directed learning (SDL). To achieve these learning outcomes, Problem-Based Learning (PBL) has become one of the most widely implemented instructional strategies in medical curricula worldwide. This literature-based study aims to systematically examine the contribution of PBL in medical education to the enhancement of students’ HOTS. The Methods was using A comprehensive literature search was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using the keywords “Problem-Based Learning,” “Medical Education,” “Higher-Order Thinking Skills,” “Critical Thinking,” “Problem solving,” and “Self-Directed Learning.” Inclusion criteria consisted of publications from 2015–2025, empirical research, systematic reviews, or literature reviews within the field of medical education. The Results are The findings indicate that PBL in medical education significantly improves critical thinking by fostering analytical and evaluative skills, enhances problem-solving ability through authentic clinical case scenarios, and supports self-directed learning by promoting learner autonomy in identifying study needs and accessing scientific evidence. The success of PBL depends on the quality of case scenarios, the role of tutors as facilitators, and the readiness of students to engage actively in the learning process. The Conclusion is Evidence from the literature highlights that Problem-Based Learning plays a pivotal role in developing higher-order thinking skills among medical students. Integrating PBL systematically into medical curricula—supported by adequate learning resources and trained facilitators—strengthens lifelong learning competencies and prepares students to face the complex challenges of modern healthcare.
Co-Authors Agustianti, Erika Asma’ul Husna, Firda Husna, Firda Asma’ul Irawati, Nur Bebi Ulfah Luluk Hermawati Siti Darifah Trisnasari , erni Wulansari, Ekawati Rini Zulfa, Hilizza Awalina