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All Journal Bengkoelen Justice : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Magister Hukum Perspektif PUSKAPSI Law Review
Kiswah, Maftuha
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Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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KEABSAHAN PERJANJIAN ELEKTRONIK DAN PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA WANPRESTASI DEBITUR PINJAMAN ONLINE Kiswah, Maftuha; Rukaman Wibisono, Wina Febrianti; Setyawan, Fendi; Adonara, Firman Floranta
Jurnal Magister Hukum Perspektif Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Magister Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Wisnuwardhana Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37303/magister.v16i2.128

Abstract

The rapid growth of financial technology (fintech) in the form of peer-to-peer lending has transformed borrowing and lending practices in Indonesia. Electronic contracts serve as the main legal instrument between creditors and debtors, yet they raise issues of validity, consumer protection, and dispute resolution in cases of default. This study employs a normative juridical approach by analyzing Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, Law No. 19 of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions, Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019 on Electronic Trade, and Financial Services Authority regulations (POJK No. 61/2020 and SEOJK No. 19/2023). The findings reveal that the validity of electronic contracts is legally recognized as long as they meet the essential requirements of agreement, capacity, lawful cause, and specific object, as stipulated in the Indonesian Civil Code. Disputes arising from debtor defaults can be resolved through litigation, such as simplified lawsuits, or non-litigation mechanisms, including mediation, Alternative Dispute Resolution Institutions (LAPS), and complaint facilities provided by the Financial Services Authority (OJK). However, challenges persist due to consumers’ low legal literacy, unethical debt collection practices, and asymmetry in bargaining positions. Therefore, strengthening the regulatory framework for electronic contracts and implementing fair and accessible dispute resolution mechanisms are necessary to enhance legal certainty and consumer protection. Keywords: Electronic Contract, Online Loan, Default, Consumer Protection, Dispute Resolution.
Unsur Citra Diri Kampanye Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Dalam Pencegahan Electoral Malpractice: Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 87/PHP.BUP-XIX/2021 Kiswah, Maftuha; Wicaksono, Demas Brian; Soetijono, Irwan Kurniawan
PUSKAPSI Law Review Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): PUSKAPSI Law Review
Publisher : PUSKAPSI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/puskapsi.v4i2.60009

Abstract

Pemilihan Kepala Daerah (Pilkada) adalah proses demokrasi di tingkat daerah yang harus menjunjung prinsip langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur, dan adil. Namun, terdapat celah regulasi akibat dualisme definisi kampanye dalam UU No. 7 Tahun 2017 yang mencantumkan unsur citra diri, sementara UU No. 6 Tahun 2020 perubahan ketiga tentang Pemilihan Gubernur, Bupati dan Walikota tidak mengaturnya secara eksplisit. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan studi kasus pada putusan MK No. 87/PHP.BUP-XIX/2021, yang mengungkap penyalahgunaan bantuan sosial COVID-19 oleh salah satu calon kepala daerah untuk kampanye berbasis citra diri yang menyebabkan malpraktik pemilu. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa citra diri, seperti gambar, nomor urut, dan nama pasangan calon, diatur dalam UU Pemilu dan regulasi teknis, tetapi belum masuk dalam UU Pilkada. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan revisi regulasi untuk memperluas pengawasan enam bulan sebelum kampanye dan penerapan sanksi pidana terhadap pelanggaran oleh pejabat negara. Langkah ini bertujuan memperkuat tata kelola Pilkada dan memastikan integritas pemilu yang adil dan demokratis.
LIMITS OF DIRECTOR LIABILITY: BUSINESS JUDGMENT RULES, PIERCING THE CORPORATE VEIL, AND BREACH OF CONTRACT Kiswah, Maftuha; Ermanto Fahamsyah; Fendi Setyawan
Bengkoelen Justice : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 16 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33369/jbengkoelenjust.v16i1.48580

Abstract

Limited liability companies inherently separate corporate assets from personal wealth, thereby providing legal protection for their management. However, directors remain strictly bound by fiduciary duties and legal restrictions to ensure the protection of third parties and stakeholders. This article analyzes the legal limits of directors' liability by examining the balance between the Business Judgment Rule (BJR) doctrine, which protects business decisions made in good faith, and the piercing the corporate veil doctrine, which holds directors personally liable for corporate misconduct. Using a normative legal research method with a legal and conceptual approach, this study examines corporate law theories and the latest jurisprudence related to commercial contract violations. The research shows that although the Companies Act protects the BJR, courts have the authority to pierce the corporate veil if a director acts ultra vires, acts in bad faith, or fails to fulfill commercial obligations that result in a breach of contract. Furthermore, the introduction of micro-enterprises with sole directors under the Job Creation Act creates a higher risk of personal liability due to the tendency for asset commingling. The validity of BJR protection requires compliance with procedural safeguards, particularly regarding conflicts of interest.  While prior scholarship has examined these doctrines independently, the intersection of BJR protection and veil-piercing liability in commercial contract disputes — particularly following the structural reforms introduced by the Job Creation Act — remains analytically underexplored. This article contributes a systematic normative analysis of how these protective and accountability mechanisms interact, and proposes clearer legal criteria for distinguishing protected business risk from culpable corporate misconduct under Indonesian law. Consequently, corporate management must maintain strict financial separation and transparency to avoid personal legal consequences in commercial disputes.
Co-Authors Demas Brian Wicaksono Ermanto Fahamsyah Fendi Setyawan Firman Floranta Adonara Rukaman Wibisono, Wina Febrianti Soetijono, Irwan Kurniawan