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Istinbath Hukum Islam Masa Kenabian dan Sahabat: Sejarah, Karakteristik, dan Metode Ijtihad dalam Membentuk Hukum Islam Rizani, Rasyid; Jalaluddin, Jalaluddin; Azhari, Fathurrahman; Hamdi, Fahmi
Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Implementation and Dynamics of Islamic Law and Civil Law in Indonesia
Publisher : Sharia Journal and Education Center Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62976/ijijel.v2i2.540

Abstract

Abstract This paper discusses the history, characteristics, and methods of istinbath of Islamic law during the prophetic and Companion periods. It explains how Islamic law developed along with the revelation to the Prophet Muhammad and how the Companions used ijtihad in determining the law. It also discusses the differences of opinion among the Companions and how they struggled to resolve legal issues using the original sources of Islamic law, the Qur'an and Sunnah. The Prophetic period, known as the infancy period, is the period of growth and formation of the Prophet's Islamic law for 23 years, from his elevation to the Apostleship in 610 AD until his death in 632 AD. This period is divided into two parts, namely the Mecca period and the Medina period. The characteristics of Islamic law during the prophetic period include several important aspects, such as tashri' divided into two phases with different focuses. The determination of law during the prophetic period began with events or questions posed by the people of Muhammad Saw to him. Meanwhile, the Companion period is also called the development period, and the characteristic of tashri' in this period is that ijtihad has begun to be carried out by the Companions because the Prophet as the authority of tashri' has passed away. Keywords: History, characteristics, istinbath method, Islamic Law Abstrak Tulisan ini membahas tentang sejarah, karakteristik, dan metode istinbath hukum Islam masa kenabian dan sahabat. Ia menjelaskan bagaimana hukum Islam berkembang seiring dengan turunnya wahyu kepada Nabi Muhammad saw dan bagaimana para sahabat menggunakan ijtihad dalam menetapkan hukum. Tulisan ini juga membahas tentang perbedaan pendapat di antara para sahabat dan bagaimana mereka berjuang untuk menyelesaikan masalah hukum dengan menggunakan sumber asli hukum Islam, yaitu Al-Qur'an dan Sunnah. Pada Periode kenabian, dikenal sebagai masa pertumbuhan, adalah masa pertumbuhan dan pembentukan hukum Islam Rasulullah selama 23 tahun, dari diangkatnya menjadi Rasul pada tahun 610 M hingga wafatnya pada tahun 632 M. Periode ini dibagi menjadi dua bagian, yaitu periode Mekkah dan periode Madinah. Karakteristik hukum Islam pada masa kenabian mencakup beberapa aspek penting, seperti tasyri' dibagi menjadi dua fase dengan fokus yang berbeda. Penetapan hukum di masa kenabian dimulai dengan peristiwa atau pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh umat Muhammad Saw kepadanya. Sedangkan, Periode sahabat disebut juga masa perkembangan, dan ciri khas tasyri’ pada periode ini adalah ijtihad sudah mulai banyak dilakukan oleh para sahabat karena Rasulullah saw sebagai pemegang wewenang tasyri’ sudah meninggal dunia. Kata kunci: Sejarah, karakteristik, metode istinbath, Hukum Islam
Sejarah Politik Hukum Islam Dari Klasik Ke Kontemporer: Pengembangan Dan Transformasi Rizani, Rasyid; Hasa, Ahmadi; Umar, Masyithah; Khasyi'in, Nuril
Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Implementation and Dynamics of Islamic Law and Civil Law in Indonesia
Publisher : Sharia Journal and Education Center Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62976/ijijel.v2i2.567

Abstract

Abstract This paper discusses the Classical Islamic political thought began with the Prophet Muhammad in Medina in 622 AD. After his death, the government was held by the Khulafa Rashidin, then the Bani Umayah and Abbasid dynasties. Political Islam entered the Middle Ages after the fall of the Abbasids. The Prophet Muhammad created a new perspective among Muslims. Three groups of Islamic thought were seen: Islam is a perfect religion, Islam has no political system, and Islam does not prepare a political system but does not leave Muslims without guidance. The Prophet's political steps in Medina included the construction of the mosque, the brotherhood of the Muhajirin and Anshar, and the charter of Medina. The caliphate government was led by the caliph, who was in charge of both politics and religion. The Qur'an and hadith were the basis of the caliphs' leadership, and they had the religious responsibility of implementing religious law. The research method used is the diachronic historical method Keywords: politics, law, and Islam. Abstrak Tulisan ini membahas tentang pemikiran politik Islam abad klasik dimulai dengan Nabi Muhammad saw. di Madinah pada tahun 622 M. Setelah wafatnya, pemerintahan dipegang oleh Khulafa Rasyidin, kemudian dinasti Bani Umayah dan Abbasiyah. Politik Islam memasuki abad pertengahan setelah kehancuran Abbasiyah. Nabi Muhammad saw menciptakan perspektif baru di kalangan umat Islam. Tiga kelompok pemikiran Islam terlihat: Islam agama sempurna, Islam tidak memiliki sistem politik, dan Islam tidak menyiapkan sistem politik tetapi tidak membiarkan umat Islam tanpa pedoman. Langkah politik Rasulullah saw di Madinah termasuk pembangunan masjid, persaudaraan kaum Muhajirin dan Anshar, dan piagam Madinah. Pemerintahan khilafah dipimpin oleh khalifah, yang memegang tampuk pemerintahan di bidang politik dan agama. Al-Qur'an dan hadis menjadi dasar kepemimpinan khalifah, dan mereka memiliki tanggung jawab agama dalam pelaksanaan hukum agama. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode historis diakronis. Kata kunci: politik, hukum, dan Islam
Hukum Pidana dalam Adat Banjar: Integrasi Hukum Adat dan Hukum Pidana Nasional Rizani, Rasyid; Sukarni, Sukarni; Hanafiah, M.; Muhajir, Ahmad
Interdisciplinary Explorations in Research Journal Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : PT. Sharia Journal and Education Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62976/ierj.v2i2.574

Abstract

Abstract This paper discusses the legal system in Indonesia consisting of three systems, namely customary law, Islamic law, and western law. Islamic law was once applied in the Banjar Sultanate with the Sultan Adam Law which contains rules on social, criminal, and civil life. Criminal law during the Banjar Kingdom was based on Islamic law and local customs. Adat Badamai is still used today, allowing communities to resolve disputes locally. The integration of customary law with national criminal law can lead to conflicts between unwritten customary law and statutory-based criminal law. The type of research used in this research is normative legal research. While the research approach that the author uses in this paper is a legal approach, historical approach, and comparative approach. Keywords: law, criminal, adat, integration Abstrak Tulisan ini membahas tentang sistem hukum di Indonesia terdiri dari tiga sistem yaitu hukum adat, hukum Islam, dan hukum barat. Hukum Islam pernah diterapkan di Kesultanan Banjar dengan Undang-Undang Sultan Adam yang berisi aturan tentang kehidupan sosial, pidana, dan perdata. Hukum pidana di masa Kerajaan Banjar berbasis hukum Islam dan adat setempat. Adat Badamai masih digunakan hingga sekarang, memungkinkan masyarakat menyelesaikan sengketa secara lokal. Integrasi hukum adat dengan hukum pidana nasional dapat menimbulkan konflik antara hukum adat yang tidak tertulis dengan hukum pidana berbasis perundang-undangan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Sedangkan pendekatan penelitian yang penulis gunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah pendekatan Undang-undang, pendekatan Sejarah, dan pendekatan perbandingan. Kata kunci: hukum, pidana, adat, integrasi