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An Integrated Approach to Land Condition Mapping:Combining Terrestrial Surveys, Photogrammetry, and GIS for Data Center Development in Nongsa Special Economic Zone Irawan, Sudra; Anggoro, Prastiwo; Pratama, Rizki Widi; Rassarandi, Farouki Dinda; Nainggolan, Marsanda; Basri, Muhammad Adi Hasan; M. Rajab Al Hakim; Sembiring, Fridheani Reshana; Simanjuntak, Pernando; Artini, Tia; Aji, Satriya Bayu
Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology Vol. 10 No. 02 (2025): JGEET Vol 10 No 02 : June (2025)
Publisher : UIR PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/jgeet.2025.10.02.21462

Abstract

Accurate and comprehensive land condition mapping is crucial for infrastructure development planning, particularly for data center construction in Nongsa Special Economic Zone (SEZ). This research integrates terrestrial survey, photogrammetry, and geographic information system (GIS) data to produce optimal land condition maps. The methodology involves field data collection through terrestrial measurements, aerial photography using photogrammetry, and data processing/analysis using GIS tools. This integrated approach enables the creation of comprehensive land condition maps, incorporating topography, land use, and other supporting parameters. The results demonstrate improved mapping accuracy and detailed spatial information, supporting informed location decisions. Eleven thematic maps were created, including topography, longitudinal and transverse profiles, composite volume, DSM/DTM contours, land cover, soil type, slope, water density, and flood hazard maps. Flood hazard analysis reveals that Nongsa has low (1.13 km²), moderate (61.16 km²), high (34.32 km²), and very high (0.0078 km²) flood risk areas. The majority of Nongsa (61.16 km²) falls within the moderate flood risk category. This research identifies that a significant portion of Nongsa, specifically 61.16 km², is categorized as having a moderate flood risk, highlighting the need for targeted infrastructure planning and risk mitigation strategies in the development of data centers within the SEZ. The results of this study also provide important insights into the impact of land use changes on the local ecosystem, making them valuable for planning more environmentally friendly and sustainable development.
Harmonisasi Regulasi Nasional Dengan Standar Internasional Dalam Proyek Multinasional Anggoro, Prastiwo
Syntax Literate Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Syntax Corporation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36418/syntax-literate.v11i1.63402

Abstract

The global economy is interdependent, as reflected in the US-China trade war in 2025, which increased the value of Foreign Direct Investment in the first quarter of 2025 by 15.9% compared to the previous year. However, based on the Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) Index, Indonesia is still below Vietnam and Thailand, especially in the legal certainty sector. Therefore, harmonization is needed on the legal side, especially construction laws and standards related to multinational and multi-international projects for construction service actors (service owners and service providers, both contractors and consultants) so that Indonesia can ensure ease of investment from a legal perspective amidst global uncertainty due to the trade war.
Application of the Principles of Good Faith and Pacta Sunt Servanda in Unequal Construction Contracts: A Case Study of B2B Developer–Contractor Setijanto, Augustinus; Permatasari, Corina; Artahana, Nana; Hadamean, Join; Alam, Peto Syamsul; Koeswanto, Arief; Anggoro, Prastiwo; Prihatinah, Tri Lisiani
IJEBD (International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Development) Vol 9 No 1 (2026): Jan - Feb 2026
Publisher : LPPM of NAROTAMA UNIVERSITY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29138/ijebd.v9i1.3494

Abstract

The legal relationship between developers and contractors in business-to-business (B2B) construction contracts in Indonesia often shows a significant imbalance of power. Although formally the contract is made based on the principle of freedom of contract, substantively the legal relationship often deviates from the principles of fairness and balance that form the basis of contract law. This paper examines the application of two fundamental principles in contract law, namely good faith and pacta sunt servanda, which means that every agreement made legally is binding on the parties who made it (Article 1338 paragraph (1) of the Civil Code) in the practice of biased construction contracts, particularly when developers modify FIDIC standard contracts by removing or limiting clauses that are detrimental to their interests, such as the Dispute Avoidance/Adjudication Board (DAAB), the right to an extension of time (EoT), and the right to suspend payment. This study uses a normative-juridical approach with case and comparative analysis methods, examining actual practices between developers and contractors experiencing delays, variation orders, and payment delays. The results of the analysis show that the removal of these protective mechanisms not only creates the potential for structural default but also constitutes a violation of the principle of good faith in the implementation of contracts as stipulated in Article 1338 paragraph (3) of the Civil Code. Meanwhile, the pacta sunt servanda principle cannot be applied absolutely if the substance of the contract contains a striking imbalance and violates propriety (Article 1339 of the Civil Code). This paper offers an update in the form of a reinterpretation of the principle of good faith as a corrective instrument against exploitative clauses, as well as a proposal for the establishment of a national DAAB institution with proportional costs to uphold contractual justice. Thus, the application of contract law in construction contracts must be directed towards substantive balance and a fair relational relationship between developers and contractors, so that national development objectives can be achieved without causing protracted disputes.