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Optimization of Environmentally Friendly Material Selection for Automotive Mechatronics Components Using LCA Data and Multi‑Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Fauzi Ibrahim; Teuku Marjuni; Rina Febrina; Devi Oktarina; Natalina Natalina; Rani Ismiarti Ergantara; Diah Ayu Wulandari Sulistyaningrum
JEECS (Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Bhayangkara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54732/jeecs.v10i2.8

Abstract

The automotive industry faces an increasing demand for sustainable material selection as mechatronic components become more widespread in electrified vehicles. However, data-driven material selection approaches that simultaneously integrate environmental, economic, and technical criteria without laboratory experiments remain underdeveloped. This study addresses this gap by developing a computational framework that combines Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach, specifically the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)–based weights. The framework enables a transparent and reproducible evaluation of environmentally friendly materials for automotive mechatronic components. A case study on an actuator housing evaluates seven material alternatives: Al 6061 (die-cast), recycled Al (die-cast), Mg AZ91 (die-cast), PA6-GF30 (injection), PBT-GF30 (injection), PA12 (SLS 3D print), and bio-based PBT-GF30 (injection). The criteria include total global warming potential (GWP), cumulative energy demand (CED), water use, recyclability, cost, mass, stiffness index, thermal conductivity, and supply risk. Results show that recycled aluminum achieves the highest ranking (closeness coefficient = 0.939), followed by Al 6061 (0.727) and Mg AZ91 (0.547). A Monte Carlo analysis with 1,000 iterations confirms that recycled aluminum consistently remains the best option with 100% robustness under varying weighting conditions. The proposed workflow is replication-ready and can be directly integrated with established LCA databases such as GREET, Ecoinvent, or EPD, enabling engineers to perform sustainable and quantitative material decisions using only data and computational analysis.
Material Selection for Battery Cell Casings Based on LCA and Steady‑State Thermal Performance (Comparative Analysis) Fauzi Ibrahim; Teuku Marjuni; Rina Febrina; Agus Apriyanto; Novia Utami Putri; Retno Wahyudi; Alexander Sembiring; Adam Wisnu Murti
Electrician : Jurnal Rekayasa dan Teknologi Elektro Vol. 20 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/elc.v20n3.2968

Abstract

This study evaluates eight materials for 18650 cylindrical battery casings by coupling a cradle‑to‑gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA, A1–A3) with a steady‑state radial heat‑transfer model that integrates thin‑wall conduction and external convection. Candidates include Ni‑plated low‑carbon steel, stainless steel 304, aluminum 6061, high‑recycled aluminum (70% secondary content), polypropylene, polycarbonate, GFRP, and CFRP. Minimum wall thickness is set by a 0.5 MPa design pressure with a safety factor of 2 (≥0.15 mm for metals; 0.7 mm for polymers/composites). Simulations at a 5 W heat load for h = 50 W/m²K (forced) and h = 10 W/m²K (natural) show that external convection dominates total thermal resistance; under forced convection, ΔT spans 26.7–29.9 K with <1% variation among metals. From the LCA, per‑casing carbon footprints range from ≈6.4 gCO₂e (Ni‑plated steel) to ≈74 gCO₂e (CFRP). Pareto and MCDA place Ni‑plated steel and high‑recycled aluminum on the optimal frontier when ΔT, mass, and GWP are considered together. The key insight is that improving the convective coefficient (via airflow/interface design) is far more effective at lowering temperature than substituting casing materials, while material circularity (recycled content) delivers larger climate benefits than marginal conductivity gains.
A Structured Engineering Review And Multi-Criteria Assessment Of Bio-Based Resins For Automotive Composites Teuku Marjuni; Fauzi Ibrahim
VOCATECH: Vocational Education and Technology Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2026): October
Publisher : Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38038/vocatech.v8i2.334

Abstract

AbstractAutomotive composite selection increasingly integrates lightweighting, circularity, and renewable-carbon objectives. Resin choice must therefore be evaluated through mechanical, thermal, durability, manufacturing, and end-of-life requirements rather than renewable content alone. This study presents a structured integrative engineering review and multi-criteria assessment of bio-based matrix routes for automotive composites. The auditable corpus contains 23 sources: 22 peer-reviewed technical studies and four policy or industry sources used only for contextual statements. Technical evidence was coded across eight criteria using an explicit 0-10 rubric: mechanical capability, specific stiffness, thermal window, moisture durability, process readiness, bio-carbon benefit, circularity potential, and supply maturity. Five matrix routes were assessed with author-assigned automotive-design weights and a 100,000-iteration sensitivity analysis in which each weight was varied independently by +/-20% and renormalized. Bio-based engineering thermoplastics represented by PA11 and bio-PE achieved the highest base score (7.56), followed by aromatic lignin/vanillin bio-epoxy (7.23) and furan/itaconic thermosets (6.80). The leading route remained first in all simulations, with a 5th-95th percentile interval of 7.51-7.61. The results support near-term use in interior panels, trunk liners, seat backs, acoustic covers, and selected semi-structural parts. Moisture uptake, low glass-transition temperature in flexible systems, fire and smoke compliance, cure time, natural-fiber variability, and end-of-life separation remain the principal validation barriersKeywords: automotive composites; bio-based epoxy; bio-based thermoplastics; multi-criteria assessment; sustainable manufacturingAbstrakPemilihan material komposit otomotif semakin mempertimbangkan pengurangan bobot, sirkularitas, dan penggunaan karbon terbarukan. Oleh karena itu, pemilihan resin perlu dievaluasi berdasarkan persyaratan mekanik, termal, ketahanan, proses manufaktur, dan pengelolaan akhir masa pakai, bukan hanya berdasarkan kandungan bahan terbarukan. Penelitian ini menyajikan tinjauan rekayasa integratif yang terstruktur dan penilaian multikriteria terhadap berbagai jenis matriks berbasis hayati untuk komposit otomotif. Bukti teknis diklasifikasikan ke dalam delapan kriteria menggunakan rubrik penilaian eksplisit berskala 0–10, yaitu kemampuan mekanik, kekakuan spesifik, rentang ketahanan termal, ketahanan terhadap kelembapan, kesiapan proses, manfaat karbon hayati, potensi sirkularitas, dan kematangan pasokan. Lima kelompok matriks dinilai menggunakan bobot yang ditetapkan berdasarkan pertimbangan desain otomotif. Stabilitas hasil pemeringkatan selanjutnya diuji melalui 100.000 iterasi analisis sensitivitas, dengan setiap bobot divariasikan secara independen sebesar ±20% dan dinormalisasi kembali. Termoplastik rekayasa berbasis hayati yang diwakili oleh PA11 dan bio-PE memperoleh skor dasar tertinggi sebesar 7,56, diikuti oleh bio-epoksi aromatik berbasis lignin/vanilin sebesar 7,23 dan termoset berbasis furan/itakonat sebesar 6,80. Kelompok matriks dengan peringkat tertinggi tetap menempati posisi pertama dalam seluruh simulasi, dengan rentang persentil ke-5 hingga ke-95 sebesar 7,51–7,61. Hasil penelitian mendukung pemanfaatan material tersebut dalam jangka pendek pada panel interior, pelapis bagasi, sandaran kursi, penutup akustik, dan sejumlah komponen semistruktural. Namun, penyerapan kelembapan, rendahnya temperatur transisi kaca pada sistem yang fleksibel, pemenuhan persyaratan ketahanan api dan asap, waktu pengerasan, variasi karakteristik serat alam, serta pemisahan material pada akhir masa pakai masih menjadi kendala utama yang memerlukan validasi lebih lanjut. Kata kunci: komposit otomotif; bio-epoksi; termoplastik berbasis hayati; penilaian multikriteria; manufaktur berkelanjutan