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All Journal Buletin Veteriner Udayana
I Nyoman Mantik Astawa
Laboratorium Virologi Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Udayana, Jl. PB. Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Immunology & microbiology Public Health Veterinary

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COCCIDIOSIS IN BROILER CHICKENS RAISED IN CLOSE HOUSE IN PATAS VILLAGE, GEROKGAK, BULELENG Wayan Gede Ananta Brahmananda; I Putu Cahyadi Putra; I Made Kardena; Hapsari Mahatmi; I Nyoman Mantik Astawa
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. August 2024 Vol. 16 No. 4
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2024.v16.i04.p14

Abstract

Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease of chickens caused by the protozoan Eimeria spp. This disease economically causes many problems and losses in chicken farms, such as inhibiting growth and reducing productivity, ultimately resulting in death. Coccidiosis can attack chickens on farms that are kept with a closed-house or open-house system. Close-house farms generally have good biosecurity, but this does not rule out the possibility of a disease that attacks chickens, one of which is coccidiosis. The purpose of this case report is to report the incidence of coccidiosis in a farm with a closed-house system. The animal used as a case was a 21-day-old broiler chick from a close-house farm in Patas Village, Gerokgak, Buleleng, Bali. Clinical signs of case chickens were anorexia, dull feathers, pale wattle, weakness, separation from the flock, and faeces mixed with blood with a liquid consistency. The examination methods carried out were epidemiological investigations by calculating morbidity, mortality and case fatality rate (CFR), anatomical pathology, histopathology, parasitology (qualitative and quantitative examination of faeces), and bacteriology. The results of the epidemiological investigation consisted of morbidity of 0.5%, mortality of 0.13%, and CFR of 23%. An anatomical pathology examination found bleeding in the cecum. Histopathological examination of the cecum found haemorrhage, erosion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and schizonts in the lamina propia. Faecal examination revealed the presence of Eimeria sp. oocysts with a concentration of 234,200 oocysts/gram. Bacterial examination showed Escherichia coli growing from cecum and colon samples which are normal flora. Based on all laboratory examinations performed, the case chicken was infected by Eimeria sp. with a severe degree of infection. The advice for farmers is to improve sanitation and biosecurity to minimize the risk of contamination by coccidiosis. If sick chickens are found, treatment with antiprotozoal containing toltrazuril and diclazuril should be given.
NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS ACCOMPANIED BY COCCIDIOSIS IN BROILER CHICKEN Nurhasyiat Nasaruddin; I Nyoman Mantik Astawa; I Ketut Berata; Hapsari Mahatmi; I Made Dwinata
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. August 2024 Vol. 16 No. 4
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2024.v16.i04.p36

Abstract

Newcastle Disease (ND) is a highly contagious disease with a high mortality rate, showing clinical symptoms such as loss of appetite, lethargy, and diarrhea. Viral diseases are generally accompanied by a secondary infection, namely parasites. Toxicosis is a parasitic disease that causes problems and losses to chicken farms, and attacks the digestive tract in chickens. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an examination in each laboratory to get a definitive diagnosis. In this case study, the methods of anatomical pathology examination, hispathology preparation, HA-HI examination, bacterial identification, and stool examination were used qualitatively. The results of the anatomical pathology examination found pathonomic lesions, namely ptekie in the ventricles and proventricles, hemorrhagic lungs, multifocal ulcers and ptekies in the intestines, spleen hemorrhage, renal hemoragi.
AFRICAN SWINE FEVER, STREPTOCOCCOSIS AND COCCIDIOSIS IN PIG AT PUHU VILLAGE, PAYANGAN, GIANYAR Yeyen Agustianingsi; I Nyoman Mantik Astawa; Hapsari Mahatmi; Ida Bagus Oka Winaya; I Putu Cahyadi Putra
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. October 2024 Vol. 16 No. 5
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2024.v16.i05.p10

Abstract

This case study aims to discuss the anatomical pathology, histopathology, and laboratory examination results to obtain a definitive diagnosis of the disease affecting 4 month old pigs from Puhu Village, Gianyar. Data collection in the form of indications, anamnesis, epidemiological and laboratory examinations for further descriptive qualitative analysis. Clinical signs of pig include anorexia, weakness, diarrhea, fever (39.7oC), multifocal cyanosis of skin, severe neurological symptoms. Epidemiological data shows morbidity reaching 100%, mortality 78.94%, and case fatality rate 78.94%. An anatomical pathology examination was carried out through necropsy procedure and found hydropericardium, hemorrhage in the heart, brain, intestines, stomach, lungs, liver, kidneys had pthechie, while spleen changed color to dark and swollen, organ samples were collected for histopathology examination. Histopathological examination begins with histological preparations using Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining. Examination were carried out by looking at the changes descriptively using binocular light microscope with 100x, 400x magnification. Histopathological examination showed that the brain (hemorrhagic meningitis), lungs (hemorrhagic interstitial pneumonia), heart (myocardial edematous), spleen (hemorrhagic spleen) and small intestine (necrotizing enteritis), large intestine (hemorrhagic et necrotizing colitis). In histology preparations, inflammation was found and dominated by lymphocyte cells and a few neutrophil cells. In bacteriological examination, Samples were isolated using Nutrient Agar, Blood Agar media. Bacterial identification then carried out using the Gram stain test, catalase test, Triple Sugar Iron Agar, Sulfide Indole Motility, Methyl Red Voges Proskauer, Simmon Citrate Agar, glucose test. Bacteriological examination confirmed the presence of Streptococcus suis bacterial infection in the brain, lungs, spleen. Parasitological examination of feces was carried out using native, floating and sedimentation methods, Eimeria spp. oocysts were found and calculated using quantitative methods with McMaster technique as 30,200 oocysts/gram. Based on all data and laboratory examination results, it was concluded that the pig was infected with African swine fever, Streptococcus suis and Eimeria spp. In pig farming management, strict biosecurity and sanitation must be implemented to minimize the risk of contamination by disease agents.
ATROPHY OF THE BURSA FABRICIUS IN THE INCIDENCE OF MULTIPLE INFECTIONS BY AVIAN INFLUENZA AND NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN FREE-RANGE CHICKEN Komang Ayu Triana Sanjiwani; I Nyoman Mantik Astawa; Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi; I Nengah Kerta Besung; Ida Bagus Made Oka
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. August 2024 Vol. 16 No. 4
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2024.v16.i04.p38

Abstract

Free-range chickens with traditional rearing systems are susceptible to be infected with AI and ND viruses, in fact, the two viruses that are deadly to poultry can occur simultaneously. This report aims to confirm the disease diagnosis and determine the cause of death of native chickens on one farm located in Sayan Village. The native chicken sample used for this case study came from a flock of chickens showing clinical symptoms such as anorexia, swelling around the eyes, and greenish-white diarrhea. There were 17 chickens showing symptoms of illness out of a total population of 30 chickens. Within 1 week, 9 chickens were found dead of out 17 chickens that exhibited illness. The rest of the chicken's condition did not improve after being treated, so it was decided to be taken one chicken to be euthanized and necropsied. Based on the lesion that was examined macroscopically and microscopically, the characteristic lesion led to AI and ND virus infection. Confirmation of the diagnosis of the possibility of AI and ND virus infection was carried out by the microtiter technique HA test and the rapid HI test obtained positive results. In the differential diagnosis examination of the lung and small intestine samples, as well as the feces, it showed that there was no secondary infection by E. coli bacteria or the parasite Eimeria spp. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that native chickens were infected with AI and ND viruses. Therefore, farmers are advised to separate sick and healthy native chickens, vaccinate the entire population and implement biosecurity.
OCCURRENCE OF ENCEPHALITIS AND HEPATITIS FROM COLIBACILLOSIS CASES IN PIGLETS Febe Adonia Renandra Hermawan; I Nengah Kerta Besung; I Ketut Berata; I Nyoman Mantik Astawa; Ida Ayu Pasti Apsari
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. October 2024 Vol. 16 No. 5
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2024.v16.i05.p15

Abstract

Pig farming management cannot be separated from various obstacles that can hamper the productivity of a farm, one of which is infection in livestock, both piglets and adult pigs. One of the diseases that can attack pigs is colibacillosis. Colibacillosis is an infection in pigs in the lactation and weaning phase caused by Eschenrichia coli. Infection of E. coli most cause disease and death in newborn and newly weaned pigs. This research aims to establish a diagnosis of the death of piglets originating from one of the farms in Catur Village, Kintamani, Bangli, Bali. The case pig is a Landrace type, 52 days old, weighing 4 kg, female and kept in a cage. The pigs started to look sick and had no appetite for approximately 1 week, totaling 26 pigs, including 3 sows and 23 puppies. A total of 5 piglets were sick for one week and 2 piglets were found dead. Dead pigs were examined for anatomical pathology, histopathological changes and isolation and identification of bacteria. In anatomical pathology and histopathology, the case animals experienced encephalitis, hemorrhagic pneumonia, hepatitis, hemorrhagic and necrotizing enteritis. The results of bacterial identification show on the media Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) colonies appear metallic and shiny, round shape, smooth edges. Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, with biochemical tests such as Escherichia coli. Based on the anamnesis, epidemiology of the disease, post-mortem changes, visible lesions in several organs, as well as the results of isolation and identification of bacteria, the cause was diagnosed as Escherichia coli. Owners can prevent disease by maintaining pig farm sanitation.
Co-Authors Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi Febe Adonia Renandra Hermawan Hapsari Mahatmi Hapsari Mahatmi I Ketut Berata I Made Dwinata I Made Kardena I Nengah Kerta Besung I Nengah Kerta Besung I Putu Cahyadi Putra I Putu Cahyadi Putra, I Putu Cahyadi Ida Ayu Pasti Apsari Ida Bagus Made Oka Ida Bagus Oka Winaya Komang Ayu Triana Sanjiwani Nurhasyiat Nasaruddin Wayan Gede Ananta Brahmananda Yeyen Agustianingsi