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All Journal KAPAL Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Dinamika Bahari: Journal of Maritime Dynamic International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Sibatik Journal : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan International Journal of Science and Environment
Firdaus, Muhamad Imam
Politeknik Pelayaran Surabaya
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Optimalisasi Penerapan MLC (Maritime Labour Convention) di Atas Kapal KM Bukit Siguntang Arleiny Arleiny; Dwi Anggraeni Wulandari; Indah Ayu Johanda Putri; Muhamad Imam Firdaus; Muhammad Nadjib Lawangi
Dinamika Bahari Vol 2 No 2 (2021): Edisi Oktober 2021
Publisher : Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (283.199 KB) | DOI: 10.46484/db.v2i2.290

Abstract

Indonesia is an archipelagic country with 17,508 islands. Therefore, transportation by sea is very much needed to support trade flows in reaching areas between islands with one another through national and international waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimization of the implementation of the MLC (Maritime Labor Convention) on ships and to determine the effect of the implementation of the MLC (Maritime Labor Convention) for the welfare of seafarers. The data collection method is survey and interview methods. This research is included in qualitative research. The results of this study indicate that the 2006 MLC regarding the welfare of seafarers onboard KM Bukit Siguntang has been implemented well, but the rest time is not optimal so it is necessary to pay attention to its optimization. The implementation of the 2006 MLC had a major impact on the welfare of seafarers on board.
Identification of Passenger Ship Accident Risk Management with Hazard and Operational Analyssis (HAZOP) Approach Riviewed From A Human Resources Perspevtive Wahyuni, Anak Agung Istri Sri; Firdaus, Muhamad Imam; Ardhi, Eka Wahyu
Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan Vol 22, No 3 (2025): October
Publisher : Department of Naval Architecture - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/kapal.v22i3.75830

Abstract

Passenger ship accidents are complex events resulting from multiple interrelated factors, with human error, technical deficiencies, and environmental conditions playing critical roles. Between 2018 and 2022, Indonesia’s National Transportation Safety Committee (KNKT) recorded 108 ship accidents, including 29 Ro-Ro passenger ships and 19 conventional passenger vessels. This study employs the Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) methodology to analyze risk factors contributing to passenger ship accidents, with particular emphasis on the human resource (HR) perspective. Primary data were collected through interviews and surveys with ship crew members, while secondary data were obtained from accident reports and maritime literature. The analysis identified key risks, including improper use of LPG stoves, unsafe cargo storage practices, malfunctioning fire detection systems, crew fatigue resulting from excessive workload, and vessel overloading. Each risk was systematically associated with specific mitigation measures through HAZOP analysis, translating human- and technical-related deviations into actionable safety recommendations. The findings underscore the importance of enhancing safety training, strengthening maintenance protocols, and improving HR management practices. The study concludes that reinforcing human factors, particularly through continuous safety training, scheduled maintenance, and more effective workload management, can significantly reduce the likelihood of accidents. Thus, this research not only identifies critical risk sources but also offers practical guidance for improving maritime operational safety and reducing incidents associated with human error.
Evaluating the Implementation of Modern Navigation Systems to Improve Maritime Safety in Indonesia Samsul Huda; Trisnowati Rahayu; Muhamad Imam Firdaus
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25481479.v10i4

Abstract

The Indonesian archipelago is strategically located in the major vessels’ global routes and domestic shipping lanes that lead to dense ship traffic with a mix of challenging navigational conditions, which consequently raises the potential risk of maritime accidents. Modern navigational aids—and the systems used in maritime and aeronautical sectors are just two examples—are now widely recognised to be a key factor for increasing situational awareness, explaining better route planning and decreasing instances of collisions or other hazards. This research assesses the role of these technologies to enhance safety in Indonesian waters and explores legal frameworks for their introduction. Through a descriptive/analytical approach supported by regulation review and literature analysis, the study recognizes existing advantages provided modern navigation systems, in real time monitoring and hazards detection in particular. Several challenges remain, however, with the uneven technological uptake among ships and ship types, limited seafarer skills, insufficient navigational infrastructure and evidence of unsafe operation such as AIS switching off. Regulatory loopholes and insufficient harmonization with international regulations (SOLAS, MARPOL, IMO, STCW) also have impacts on the overall effectiveness of navigation technologies. It is concluded that modern navigation systems greatly contribute towards the safety of maritime navigation, but their full utilization will have to be supported by better enforcement of regulations, upgrading infrastructure, regular training of crews and harmonization with national e-navigation initiatives. Recommendations and research directions are suggested in the evaluation to enhance an effective and technological-based maritime safety system in Indonesia.
PROTOTIPE ASISTENSI PENGENALAN SUARA UNTUK MANUVER KAPAL Bayu Prasojo, Gita; Imam Firdaus, Muhamad; Nofandi, Faris; Haryanto, Tri
SIBATIK JOURNAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Penerbit Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/sibatik.v5i3.4401

Abstract

The rapid advancement of maritime automation through IMO's MASS framework highlights the need for voice-assisted navigation systems to enhance crew efficiency during ship maneuvering. This research aims to design a voice recognition prototype for ship steering, integrate it as an alternative control mode, and improve deck crew productivity. Employing a Research and Development (R&D) approach with prototype development, the study targeted navigation trainees and officers at Politeknik Pelayaran Surabaya (N=population during 12-month sea practice), using purposive sampling of 5 beta testers plus researcher for alpha testing. Instruments included DFRobot DF2301Q voice module, ESP32 DevKitC microcontroller, MG996R servos, potentiometer, and WS2812B LEDs, analyzed through static/dynamic tests measuring command accuracy (>90%), servo stability (35°-150°), and response time (<3s). Results demonstrated 90%+ recognition of wake word "MERATUS" and 17 navigation commands, stable servo operation, and linear sensor feedback. The prototype proves viable as MASS Level 1 decision support, reducing manual crew dependency during maneuvers.
Optimizing Lifeboat Maintenance to Ensure They Are Suitable for Use in the Event of an Accident Diaz Arifiansyah; Muhamad Imam Firdaus; Bugi Nugraha; Dety Sutralinda
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara in Colaboration with www.stie-sampit.ac.id

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i2.462

Abstract

Maritime transport supports 80% of global trade, but inconsistent lifeboat maintenance threatens emergency safety, especially on Indonesian short voyage vessels such as the MV Tanto Bersinar. This study identifies factors inhibiting lifeboat maintenance optimization and proposes procedures in accordance with SOLAS. Using a qualitative descriptive method, purposive sampling targeted key crew (Third Officer, Third Engineer) for 12 months through interviews, observations, literature studies, and documentation. Data analysis followed reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The results found davit corrosion, wire rope friction, no engine test-run, incomplete PMS documentation, and limited short voyage time as gaps to SOLAS III/20 and MSC.402(96). Optimization requires scheduled operational tests, certified training, and spare parts stock. The conclusion recommends strengthening the PMS and authorized servicing for lifeboat readiness, minimizing evacuation risks
UPAYA PENERAPAN METODE JOB SAFETY ANALISIS UNTUK MENGIDENTIFIKASI POTENSI KECELAKAAN KERJA SAAT PELAKSANAAN CARGO OPERATION DI KAPAL MV. HODASCO 19 Teddy Palguna Januarta, I Kadek; Imam Firdaus, Muhamad; Nofandi, Faris; Haryanto, Tri
SIBATIK JOURNAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Penerbit Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/sibatik.v5i4.4403

Abstract

Cargo operations on aging general cargo vessels like MV. Hodasco 19 (built 1984) face heightened occupational accident risks due to equipment degradation, unsafe worker behaviors, and gaps between ISM Code procedures and field practices. This study aims to apply Job Safety Analysis (JSA) to identify accident potentials during cargo operations and formulate preventive measures. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, purposive sampling targeted the Chief Officer as key informant from MV. Hodasco 19 crew during Teluk Bayur-Belawan routes. Instruments included semi-structured interviews, observation sheets, and photographic documentation, analyzed via Miles and Huberman's reduction-presentation-conclusion model with risk matrix assessment. Findings reveal 75% of activities (lifting operations, wire rope inspection, worker positioning, night operations) classified as high risk (scores 15-20). Conclusions recommend mandatory written JSA implementation, crew-stevedore training, and routine equipment inspections to achieve zero accidents per maritime standards.
TERAPAN RISK ASSESSMENT PADA BAHAYA ENCLOSED SPACE MENGGUNAKAN METODE HAZARD AND OPERABILITY STUDY DI KAPAL MT. CAHAYA MULYA 88 Akbar Maulana, Hafizh; Imam Firdaus, Muhamad; Nofandi, Faris; Haryanto, Tri
SIBATIK JOURNAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Penerbit Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/sibatik.v5i4.4416

Abstract

Enclosed spaces on ships pose significant safety risks due to limited ventilation and hazardous gas accumulation, contributing to frequent maritime accidents globally and in Indonesia. This study aims to apply Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) for risk assessment of enclosed space entry operations on MT. Cahaya Mulya 88. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the population comprised 20 crew members involved in enclosed space operations, with purposive sampling of 5 key informants (safety officer, chief officer, boatswain). Instruments included structured observation sheets, semi-structured interview guides, and HAZOP checklists, analyzed via Miles and Huberman's model (data reduction, display, verification). Results showed initial extreme risks (R=25) in cargo tanks due to hydrocarbon vapors, reduced to low levels (R=2-4) through forced ventilation, LEL sensors, and strict Permit to Work procedures. HAZOP effectively identified operational deviations across manhole, cargo tank, and fresh water tank. The study concludes that systematic HAZOP implementation significantly enhances maritime safety compliance with IMO Resolution A.1050(27) and ISM Code.
OPTIMALISASI PENERAPAN PERMIT TO WORK GUNA MEMASTIKAN KESELAMATAN DI ATAS KAPAL MV. MEDELIN FIRST Ardiansyah, Ferry; Imam Firdaus, Muhamad; Rahmawati, Maulidiah; Sutoyo, Sutoyo
SIBATIK JOURNAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Penerbit Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/sibatik.v5i4.4426

Abstract

Work safety aboard merchant ships remains critical as occupational accidents frequently occur due to inadequate implementation of safety procedures. This study aims to identify the factors causing the suboptimal application of the Permit to Work (PTW) system on board MV. Medelin First, analyze its impact on safety, and formulate optimization strategies. A qualitative descriptive method was employed with purposive and snowball sampling involving 5–7 ship crew members as participants. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, direct observations, and document analysis, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. Results show that PTW documents were formally prepared but not consistently implemented in practice, particularly in gas testing, supervision, and personal protective equipment usage. The findings indicate that these inconsistencies elevate accident risks during high-risk tasks such as hot work and enclosed space entry. The conclusion emphasizes that PTW optimization requires strict supervision, adequate safety equipment, integrated risk assessment, and regular safety training to build an effective safety culture on board.
Co-Authors Akbar Maulana, Hafizh Anak Agung Istri Sri Wahyuni Ardhi, Eka Wahyu Arleiny Arleiny Bayu Prasojo, Gita Bugi Nugraha Diaz Arifiansyah Dwi Anggraeni Wulandari Faris Nofandi Ferry Ardiansyah Muhammad Nadjib Lawangi Putri, Indah Ayu Johanda Rahmawati, Maulidiah Samsul Huda Sutoyo Sutoyo Sutralinda, Dety Teddy Palguna Januarta, I Kadek Tri Haryanto Trisnowati Rahayu