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All Journal African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Tyem Lawal Danjuma
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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Assessment of HIV/AIDS Risk Behaviors among Secondary School Students in Adamawa State Isaac John Umaru; Solomon O. Asare; Tyem Lawal Danjuma; Inemesit Samuel Essien; Ingwu Joseph Akem; Usenobong Morgan Akpan; Julius Ishaya Salman; Kwabena Owusu Amoah; Evelyn Ovenomo Tony-Enwin; Hauwa A. Umaru; Maryam Usman Ahmed
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v3i1.9303

Abstract

Adolescents in Nigeria are increasingly exposed to HIV/AIDS risk behaviors due to socio-economic challenges, peer influence, and limited access to sexual health education, with secondary school students in Adamawa State particularly vulnerable to early sexual debut, multiple sexual partnerships, and inconsistent condom use. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of HIV/AIDS risk behaviors among secondary school students in Adamawa State, examine the socio-demographic factors associated with these behaviors, and evaluate students’ knowledge and perceptions of HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention. A cross-sectional survey design was employed involving 300 secondary school students selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, sexual behavior, substance use, and HIV/AIDS knowledge, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. The findings showed that 30% of students experienced peer pressure to engage in sex, 28% had already had sexual intercourse, 19% reported multiple sexual partners, 18.3% admitted inconsistent condom use, 14% used substances before sex, and 12% engaged in transactional sex. Knowledge gaps were also evident, as only 70% recognized condom use as a preventive measure and 25% incorrectly believed that HIV is curable. Socio-demographic factors, including age (18–19 years), male gender, senior class level, and single-parent family structure, were significantly associated with risky sexual behavior (p < .05). These findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive sexual education, peer mentorship programs, and improved access to sexual health resources in secondary schools. The study contributes contextual evidence on adolescent HIV vulnerability in Adamawa State and highlights the importance of addressing socio-demographic risk factors and misconceptions about HIV/AIDS to reduce risky behaviors and promote adolescent health.
Smoking Behaviors and Perceived Health Risks Among Out-of-School Youth in Tella, Taraba State Isaac John Umaru; Solomon O. Asare; Tyem Lawal Danjuma; Inemesit Samuel Essien; Ingwu Joseph Akem; Genevieve A. Yeboah; Julius Ishaya Salman; Kwabena Owusu Amoah; Precious Chioma Jack; Hauwa A. Umaru; Maayam Usman Ahmed
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v3i2.9472

Abstract

Tobacco use among adolescents remains a significant public health concern, particularly among out-of-school youth who often have limited access to formal health education and support systems. In response to anecdotal indications of increasing smoking behavior in Tella, this study aimed to assess the prevalence, patterns, and determinants of smoking among out-of-school youth, examine their perceptions of smoking-related health risks, and identify the socio-cultural and economic factors associated with tobacco use. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted using structured questionnaires administered to a purposive sample of out-of-school youth aged 13–24 years, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in tabular form. The findings showed that 58% of respondents were current tobacco users, with cigarettes as the most commonly used product (60%), while 40% reported initiating smoking before the age of 15. Although 70% acknowledged that smoking is harmful, only 35% could identify specific smoking-related diseases, and 45% believed that occasional smoking was not harmful. Peer pressure (60%) and stress related to unemployment (50%) emerged as the most frequently cited reasons for smoking. The respondent profile further indicated that most participants were male (65%), aged 17–21 years (58%), and characterized by high levels of unemployment (42%) and informal labor participation (30%). The study concludes that out-of-school youth in Tella are highly vulnerable to tobacco use due to the combined effects of limited education, economic hardship, peer influence, and cultural norms. These findings highlight the need for integrated interventions that combine health education, peer-based support, economic empowerment, and policy enforcement to reduce tobacco use and promote healthier lifestyles among this at-risk population.
Hepatocurative Effect of Methanol Extract of Newbouldia laevis Leaves in Alloxan-Induced Liver Damage in Albino Rats Isaac John Umaru; Tsokwa Punarimam Rebecca; Akafa Andes Tansaba; Chakfa Nanmar; Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru; Egeonu Stephen Ugoeze; Tyem Lawal Danjuma
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3354

Abstract

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect (Hepatocurative and antibacterial potential) of Newboulda laevis leaves in alloxan-induced liver damage in Wister Albino Rats. The leaves of Newbouldia laevis was bought from a local market in Wukari, Taraba State. The leaves of Newbouldia laevis was chop and then pulverized into fine powder. The methanol crude extracts andthirty-two albino Wistar rats weighing 90-220 g was used for this research. Liver toxicity was induced in male rats by an intraperitoneal single dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. samples were subjected to biochemical estimation of liver function. The result showed a significant (p≤0.05) increase in serum AST level for group II (60.6 ± 1.12) which was administered high dose of Alloxan and serves as the negative control group, when compared to the normal control group I (35.09 ± 2.07) which only received feed and water. From the result described in table 4.0 above, it showed a significant (p≤0.05) increase in ALT level for group II (58.11 ± 0.42) negative control when compared with group I (20.00 ± 0.41) normal control. Group III (29.98 ± 0.12) which received standard drug showed a significant decrease in ALT which is a sign that there is some level of repair on the liver cells. Group IV (36.22 ± 0.s70), group V (30.00 ± 0.27) and group VI (29.99 ± 0.12) which received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of Newbouldia laevis leaves extract respectively when compared with the negative control group II, showed a significant decrease in ALT level. There was a significant (p≤0.05) increase in ALP level for group II (255.80 ± 1.12) which received Alloxan when compared with the normal control group I (80.21 ± 0.44) providing evidence to support the increase in ALT and AST level in group II, suggestive of liver injury. The treatment groups III, VI, V and VI showed significant (p<0.05) difference, when compared to the negative control group. No significant (p<0.05) difference between group V and VII. It was deduced that the total protein for group II (10.95 ± 0.37) significantly (p<0.05) decreased when compared to the normal control group I (14.13 ± 0.55). This is because low levels of total protein in the blood can occur because of impaired function of the liver. Administration of Newbouldia laevis leaves extract significantly (p<0.05) elevated total protein levels for group IV (10.99 ± 0.41), V (12.76 ± 0.41) and VI (12.98 ± 0.58). Albumin being the most abundant protein in the blood, equally followed same pattern as total protein, with Albumin level of (10.83 ± 0.10), (6.13 ± 0.05), (9.82 ± 0.18) (6.75 ± 0.13), (7.99 ± 0.10) and (9.60 ± 0.13) for group I, II, III, IV, V and V respectively. Thus, emphasizing the potential of the extract as a source agent for medication for ailment and diseases.
Neurotoxic Effect of Cassava Cyanide on the Motor Activity and Cytoarchitecture of the Cerebellar Cortex of Albino Rats Isaac John Umaru; Tyem Lawal Danjuma; Katchim Evelyn Shadrach; Julius Ishaya Salman; Jibaniya Grace Mchibuma; Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v3i1.8299

Abstract

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), a widely consumed staple in tropical regions, contains cyanogenic glycosides that release hydrogen cyanide (HCN) upon hydrolysis. Chronic exposure to cassava-derived cyanide has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly affecting motor coordination and cerebellar function. This study investigates the neurotoxic effects of cassava cyanide on motor activity and cerebellar cytoarchitecture in albino Wistar rats. Thirty adult male rats were divided into three groups: control, low-dose cyanide (10 mg/kg), and high-dose cyanide (20 mg/kg), administered orally for 15 days. Motor performance was assessed using rotarod and open field tests, while cerebellar tissues were examined histologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results revealed a dose-dependent decline in motor coordination and locomotor activity, with significant reductions in rotarod latency and open field distance in cyanide-treated groups compared to controls (p < 0.05). Histological analysis showed progressive Purkinje cell degeneration, vacuolation, and disrupted laminar architecture in the cerebellar cortex, particularly in the high-dose group. These findings suggest that cassava cyanide exerts neurotoxic effects on cerebellar neurons, impairing motor function through structural damage. The study underscores the importance of safe cassava processing and dietary interventions to mitigate cyanide-induced neurotoxicity in vulnerable populations.
Exploring the Use of Antenatal and Maternity Services by Mothers Engaged in Child Welfare Programs in Michika LGA, Adamawa State Isaac John Umaru; Solomon O. Asare; Tyem Lawal Danjuma; Julius Ishaya Salman; Ingwu Joseph Akem; Genevieve A. Yeboah; Prince Osei Akumia; Hauwa A. Umaru; Maryam Usman Ahmed
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v3i1.9302

Abstract

Maternal health remains a critical public health concern in Nigeria, where high rates of maternal morbidity and mortality persist despite ongoing interventions. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness and utilization of maternal health services among women in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria, to identify key barriers to service uptake, and to evaluate the influence of child welfare programs on antenatal care utilization. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 250 women of reproductive age using structured questionnaires. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, antenatal and maternity service utilization, barriers to access, and participation in child welfare programs, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics to generate frequencies and percentages. The findings showed that 85% of respondents were aware of antenatal services and 80% attended antenatal care during their last pregnancy; however, only 30% completed more than four visits. Skilled birth attendance was reported by 68% of respondents, whereas 16% delivered at home or with traditional birth attendants, and 60% received post-natal care. The major barriers to service utilization included distance to health facilities (60%), financial constraints (44%), lack of transportation (36%), poor attitude of health workers (28%), cultural and religious beliefs (24%), and lack of awareness (16%). In addition, women who participated in child welfare programs were 30% more likely to utilize antenatal services. These findings indicate that, despite relatively high awareness, maternal health service utilization remains suboptimal because of intersecting structural, economic, and sociocultural barriers. The study underscores the need to strengthen health infrastructure, improve transportation access, subsidize care, and expand community-based interventions, while also addressing cultural beliefs and health worker attitudes to improve maternal health outcomes in rural Nigeria.
Prevalence of Malnutrition Among Children Under Five in Iware, Taraba State Isaac John Umaru; Solomon O. Asare; Tyem Lawal Danjuma; Atsu Ayi; Ingwu Joseph Akem; Usenobong Morgan Akpan; Julius Ishaya Salman; George Okra Hassan; Maryam Usman Ahmed; Hauwa A. Umaru
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v3i2.9473

Abstract

Malnutrition remains a major public health challenge in Nigeria, particularly among children under five years of age, with serious consequences for morbidity, mortality, cognitive development, and long-term human capital. In rural communities such as Iware, Taraba State, this burden is intensified by poverty, poor feeding practices, limited access to healthcare, and low caregiver education. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children aged 0–59 months in Iware and to examine the associations between nutritional status and socio-economic factors, including household income, caregiver education, feeding practices, and recent illness episodes, while also assessing the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding and vitamin A supplementation. A cross-sectional design was employed, with a sample size estimated using Cochran’s formula at 200–400 children. A multistage sampling technique was used in which households were randomly selected and eligible children were stratified by age group. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, feeding practices, and household conditions, alongside anthropometric measurements of weight, height/length, and mid-upper arm circumference, with nutritional status classified according to WHO Growth Standards. Data collection was conducted over 2–4 weeks by trained enumerators following a pilot study, and the data were analyzed using SPSS and STATA through descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. The findings revealed a high prevalence of malnutrition, with stunting at 35%, underweight at 30%, and wasting at 25%. Although 60% of children were exclusively breastfed and 65% had received vitamin A supplementation, 42.5% had experienced recent illness. Socio-economic findings further showed that 72.5% of households earned below ₦30,000 per month and that 20% of caregivers had no formal education. Statistical analysis indicated significant associations between malnutrition and low household income, poor caregiver education, and inadequate complementary feeding practices (p < 0.05). The study concludes that malnutrition among children under five in Iware is driven by the combined effects of chronic poverty, limited maternal education, suboptimal feeding practices, and frequent illness. These findings underscore the need for multi-sectoral interventions focused on nutrition education, economic empowerment, improved healthcare access, and community-based strategies tailored to rural populations.
Antibacterial Effect of Methanol Extract of Newbouldia laevis Leaves on Some Selected Resistant Pathogen on Synthesised Drugs Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru; Egeonu Stephen Ugoeze; Akafa Andes Tansaba; Chakfa Nanmar; Tyem Lawal Danjuma; Isaac John Umaru
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3399

Abstract

Newbouldia laevis is a tropical plant belonging to the family of Bignoniaceae. It is among the most useful plants in Africa. Historically medicinal plants have been provided a good source of inspiration for novel therapeutic drugs which has made a large contribution to health and well-being of humans. It has been used over the years to as curative agents against many infections and have been exploited in the traditional medicine with their curative potentials. Material and methods: The leaves of Newbouldia laevis was bought from a local market in Wukari, Taraba State. The leaves of Newbouldia laevis was chop into pieces, air-dried for four days and then pulverized into fine powder. About 250 g of the powdered bark extracted with 2 L of ethanol using maceration method for 72 hrs. The crude extracts of Newbouldia laevis was used in antibacterial assay. The results observed demonstrate that the Newbouldia leaves methanol crude extract possesses concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive resistant bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia) bacteria. The increasing inhibition zones with higher concentrations suggest a potential dose-response relationship.
Chronic Disease Management: Integrating Occupational Risk Evaluation with Predictive Prevention and Diagnostics Isaac John Umaru; Solomon O. Asare; Tyem Lawal Danjuma; Gomba Victoria Eno; Ingwu Joseph Akem; Eluu Emmanuel Chukwudi; Julius Ishaya Salman; Hauwa A. Umaru; Maryam Usman Ahmed
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i1.9304

Abstract

Occupational health has become an increasingly important dimension of public health, particularly in efforts to prevent chronic disease; however, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in this area is constrained by the lack of standardized occupational exposure metrics, limited representation of diverse work environments, and fragmented data systems. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of occupational exposure variables on chronic disease risk prediction, assess the performance of Random Forest, XGBoost, and Deep Neural Network (DNN) models across workplace contexts, and propose a framework for interoperable platforms that integrate health and occupational data to strengthen predictive analytics and early diagnostics. Using a cross-sectional dataset of 5,000 workers from the manufacturing, agriculture, healthcare, and service sectors, the study analyzed demographic characteristics, clinical biomarkers, occupational exposure logs, and psychosocial assessments. Model performance was evaluated using ROC-AUC, precision, recall, and F1-score, while feature importance analysis quantified the contribution of occupational variables; in addition, a prototype interoperable platform was developed to demonstrate real-time integration between electronic health records and workplace monitoring systems. The findings showed that the DNN model outperformed the other algorithms, achieving a ROC-AUC of 0.89, precision of 0.85, recall of 0.88, and F1-score of 0.86. Occupational exposure variables contributed 27% to predictive power, with chemical exposure and psychosocial stressors showing the strongest associations with chronic disease markers. Among high-risk individuals, 54% were identified with subclinical conditions, including elevated C-reactive protein and HbA1c levels, while personalized interventions based on model outputs reduced risk scores by 22% and improved biometric indicators. The interoperable platform also successfully synchronized health and exposure data, enabling real-time analytics and targeted alerts. These findings demonstrate that integrating standardized occupational exposure metrics with interoperable data platforms substantially enhances the accuracy and practical utility of AI-driven chronic disease prediction, while supporting more equitable and proactive occupational health surveillance across diverse industries.
The Legalization of Abortion and Its Influence on Youth Sexual Behavior and the Catholic Church: A Case Study of Adamawa State Isaac John Umaru; Ingwu Joseph Akem; Solomon O. Asare; Tyem Lawal Danjuma; Genevieve A. Yeboah; Julius Ishaya Salman; Hauwa A. Umaru; Maryam Usman Ahmed
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i1.9401

Abstract

Although debates on abortion reform have intensified in Nigeria, limited attention has been paid to how partial legalization shapes youth perspectives and sexual and reproductive behaviors within specific sociocultural and religious contexts. This study examines how the limited legalization of abortion influences youth attitudes and behaviors in Adamawa State, with particular attention to demographic, cultural, and institutional factors, as well as the Catholic Church’s response to these changes. A qualitative approach was employed through interviews with health workers, clergy, and youths aged 18–25 from urban and rural areas of Adamawa State. Supplementary data were obtained from community forums, church outreach programs, and health service records, and the data were analyzed thematically to identify patterns in attitudes, behaviors, and institutional responses. The findings indicate a marked urban–rural divide, with urban youths reporting higher sexual activity, greater contraceptive use, and stronger support for reproductive autonomy. The study also found that the Catholic Church’s moral campaigns have had limited influence, particularly among urban youths who perceive religious teachings as less relevant to contemporary realities. In contrast, health workers were viewed as more trusted sources of guidance, while peers and media played a substantial role in shaping youth behavior. The study concludes that the evolving legal and cultural landscape in Adamawa State reflects a broader generational shift toward autonomy and informed decision-making among youths. These findings contribute to understanding the changing relationship between legal reform, religious influence, and youth reproductive behavior, and suggest that more balanced strategies integrating moral guidance, comprehensive education, and supportive policies are needed to promote healthy youth development in a changing society.
Impact of Distinct Carbon Substrates on the Proliferation of Antimicrobial-Producing Microbes Isaac John Umaru; Tyem Lawal Danjuma; Ingwu Joseph Akem; Julius Ishaya Salman; Maryam Usman Ahmed; Hauwa A. Umaru
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 2 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i2.9474

Abstract

Microbial production of antimicrobial compounds remains a fundamental area of biotechnology and pharmaceutical development, and its efficiency is strongly influenced by the carbon source available in the growth medium, which functions not only as an energy substrate but also as a regulator of microbial metabolism and secondary metabolite synthesis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of five carbon sources—glucose, lactose, sucrose, starch, and glycerol—on microbial biomass yield, strain-specific growth preferences, metabolic compatibility, antimicrobial potency, inhibition zones, and bioactive metabolite production. Seven microbial strains, including Streptomyces, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Actinomyces, and Clostridium, were cultured in media supplemented with each carbon source. Biomass yield was measured gravimetrically, growth rate indices were calculated on a scale of 0–10, antimicrobial potency was assessed using zone of inhibition assays against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae, and metabolite yield was quantified in mg/L using spectrophotometric analysis. All experiments were conducted in triplicate. The findings showed that glucose produced the highest biomass yield and growth rates across all strains, with Bacillus and Pseudomonas each scoring 10. Lactose demonstrated selective effectiveness, particularly for Streptomyces, whereas sucrose supported moderate growth and selective antimicrobial activity. In contrast, starch and glycerol consistently resulted in low biomass production and minimal antimicrobial potency. The zone of inhibition results further confirmed that glucose and lactose were the most effective substrates, with inhibition zones exceeding 20 mm. Similarly, metabolite yield was highest with glucose (120 ± 5.4 mg/L) and lactose (115 ± 4.9 mg/L), while glycerol produced the lowest yield (30 ± 1.5 mg/L). The study concludes that carbon source selection plays a critical role in microbial proliferation and antimicrobial compound production, with glucose and lactose emerging as the most suitable substrates for broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and high metabolite yield. These findings contribute practical evidence for optimizing fermentation strategies according to microbial metabolic profiles to enhance antimicrobial synthesis.
Co-Authors Akafa Andes Tansaba Atsu Ayi Chakfa Nanmar Egeonu Stephen Ugoeze Eluu Emmanuel Chukwudi Emmanuel Olofu Omanchi Evelyn Ovenomo Tony-Enwin Genevieve A. Yeboah George Okra Hassan Gomba Victoria Eno Hauwa A. Umaru Inemesit Samuel Essien Ingwu Joseph Akem Isaac John Umaru Jibaniya Grace Mchibuma Julius Ishaya Salman Katchim Evelyn Shadrach Katchin Evelyn Shadrach Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru Kwabena Owusu Amoah Maayam Usman Ahmed Maryam Usman Ahmed Precious Chioma Jack Prince Osei Akumia Solomon O. Asare Tsokwa Punarimam Rebecca Usenobong Morgan Akpan