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All Journal ARMATUR : Artikel Teknik Mesin dan Manufaktur International Journal of Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Materials Advance Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology (ASSET)
Hendri
Institut Teknologi PLN
Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF LOAD VARIATIONS ON THE THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF THE MUARA KARANG PLTG GAS TURBINE Anugerah Banjarnahor; Hendri; Muhammad Ridwan
ARMATUR : Artikel Teknik Mesin & Manufaktur Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Armatur
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/armatur.v7i1.10393

Abstract

Gas turbines are one type of power plant with high flexibility, but their performance is greatly affected by variations in operating load. This study aims to analyse the effect of load variations on the thermal efficiency of Gas Turbine Unit 1.2 at the Muara Karang Gas Power Plant under three load conditions, namely 70 MW, 80 MW, and 90 MW. Actual operational data was used to calculate component work (compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine) and cycle thermal efficiency using thermodynamic calculation methods based on the Brayton Cycle. The calculation results were validated using Cycle Tempo and EES (Engineering Equation Solver) software with an average deviation of <5%. The results show that thermal efficiency increases as the operating load increases. At a load of 70 MW, the thermal efficiency was recorded at 30.30%, increasing to 30.76% at a load of 80 MW, and reaching a peak of 31.72% at a load of 90 MW. These findings prove that gas turbines operate most efficiently at loads close to their maximum capacity, so that operating at optimal loads can reduce specific fuel consumption and improve the energy efficiency of the plant.
Development and Performance Evaluation of a Micro-Scale RDF Briquette–Fueled Steam Power Prototype Syarifah; Latricia Aina Hidayat; Rini Yunita Sari; Jerry Maratis; Andri Krisna Hidayat; Pawenary; Hendri
Advance Sustainable Science Engineering and Technology Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): February-April
Publisher : Science and Technology Research Centre Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/asset.v8i2.3007

Abstract

Plastic waste is a major environmental problem in Indonesia due to its non-biodegradable nature. One innovative solution is converting waste into energy using Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) briquettes for small-scale power generation. This research designed and tested an RDF-based micro power plant prototype using briquettes composed of 80% dry organic biomass and 20% plastic for safe and stable combustion. The prototype consists of a combustion chamber, heat exchanger, impulse-type micro steam turbine driven by low-pressure steam, and a 12V low-speed DC generator. Performance was evaluated through temperature, voltage, current, power output, and efficiency measurements. The highest performance was achieved using 500 g of RDF, producing 0.02 A, 0.7 V, and 0.014 W at 135°C over 20 minutes, with an efficiency of 2.69×10⁻⁶%. Although efficiency was very low, the study demonstrates proof-of-concept feasibility and provides a baseline for future optimization of thermal and energy conversion efficiency.
Demineralization of Silica-Rich Agar Processing Residues via Hydrofluoric Acid Leaching for Organic Fraction Enrichment Andi Firdaus Sudarma; Edy Hartulistiyoso; Y. Aris Purwanto; Leopold Oscar Nelwan; Obie Farobie; Hendri; Harri Junaedi; Edy Herianto Majlan
International Journal of Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Materials Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/ijimeam.v8i2.38546

Abstract

Agar solid waste (ASW) is a silica-rich industrial residue generated during agar extraction that contains organic residue mixed with mineral filtration aids such as Celite (diatomaceous earth) and perlite. Its high ash content and low organic fraction limit its direct utilization as a biomass-derived fuel. This study investigated hydrofluoric acid (HF) leaching as a demineralization pretreatment to reduce silica-rich minerals and improve the physicochemical quality of ASW. Two ASW samples obtained from different agar-processing plants, namely ASW-Celite (contain Celite) and ASW-Perlite (contain perlite), were treated using 10 wt% HF at a solid-to-liquid ratio of approximately 1:12. The treated samples were characterized using XRF, ICP-MS, FTIR, ultimate analysis, and proximate analysis. HF leaching caused substantial mass reduction, with solid yields of 24.99% for ASW-Celite-HF and 48.9% for ASW-Perlite-HF. Ash content decreased from 85.84 to 44.99 wt% in ASW-Celite and from 77.10 to 24.83 wt% in ASW-Perlite. XRF analysis confirmed significant silica removal, particularly in ASW-Celite, where SiO₂ decreased from 96.94 to 21.30%. ICP-MS further showed the reduction of several ash-forming and environmentally relevant elements, including Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, P, S, Cl, Mn, and Fe. HF treatment also enriched the organic fraction, increasing carbon content from 4.69 to 12.52 wt% in ASW-Celite and from 9.83 to 16.10 wt% in ASW-Perlite. The HHV of ASW-Celite improved from 1.91 to 6.52 MJ/kg, whereas ASW-Perlite decreased from 4.80 to 3.19 MJ/kg due to its high oxygen content after treatment. These findings demonstrate that HF leaching effectively reduces silica-rich minerals in ASW, although further deoxygenation is required to improve its fuel quality for bioenergy applications.
Co-Authors Andi Firdaus Sudarma Andri Krisna Hidayat Anugerah Banjarnahor Edy Hartulistiyoso Edy Herianto Majlan Harri Junaedi Latricia Aina Hidayat Maratis, Jerry Muhammad Ridwan Nelwan, Leopold Oscar Obie Farobie Pawenary, Pawenary Rini Yunita Sari Syarifah