<![CDATA[Abstract: This study systematically reviews the role of swimming in improving physical fitness based on recent empirical evidence. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using PRISMA and PICO frameworks was conducted through the Scopus database. From 426 studies identified, 20 met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Results show that 94.4% had moderate to high quality, confirming swimming’s significant effects on aerobic capacity, body composition, muscle strength, flexibility, balance, and functional fitness. Aquatic environments provide resistance and buoyancy, promoting physiological adaptations with minimal injury risk. Practically, swimming is recommended as an effective, safe, and inclusive exercise for all age groups. Future studies should determine optimal training doses and explore physiological mechanisms underlying aquatic fitness adaptations. Keywords: swimming, physical fitness, aquatic exercise, systematic literature review Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan meninjau secara sistematis peran aktivitas renang terhadap peningkatan kebugaran jasmani berdasarkan bukti empiris terbaru. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan kerangka PRISMA dan PICO melalui basis data Scopus. Dari 426 artikel yang ditemukan, 20 memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis lebih lanjut. Hasil menunjukkan 94,4% studi berkualitas sedang hingga tinggi, menegaskan bahwa aktivitas renang berperan signifikan dalam meningkatkan kapasitas aerobik, komposisi tubuh, kekuatan otot, fleksibilitas, keseimbangan, dan kebugaran fungsional. Lingkungan air memberikan resistensi dan daya apung yang mendukung adaptasi fisiologis dengan risiko cedera rendah. Secara praktis, renang direkomendasikan sebagai latihan efektif, aman, dan inklusif bagi semua kelompok usia. Penelitian selanjutnya perlu mengeksplorasi dosis optimal dan mekanisme fisiologis adaptasi kebugaran akibat latihan di air. Kata Kunci: renang, kebugaran jasmani, latihan akuatik, systematic literature review]]>
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