<![CDATA[This study aimed to analyze changes in the physical fitness of first-year (TPB) students at Institut Teknologi Sumatera by comparing initial (pretest) and final (posttest) fitness test results collected over one semester of practical sports learning. A quantitative one-group pretest-posttest design was used. The sample consisted of 237 students selected through total sampling. Fitness was assessed using the push-up test (upper-body muscular endurance), the half squat jump test (lower-limb explosive power), and the bleep test (cardiorespiratory endurance, VO2max). Data were analyzed using the Paired Sample T-Test for push-up and half squat jump scores, and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for VO2max scores, followed by effect-size estimation using Cohen's d. Results showed a statistically significant increase from pretest to posttest for push-up (M = 20.07 to 21.85 repetitions, t(236) = -4.29, p < .001, d = 0.28) and half squat jump (M = 28.75 to 30.41 repetitions, t(236) = -3.95, p < .001, d = 0.26), both with small effect sizes. In contrast, the change in VO2max was not statistically significant (Z = -1.26, p = .209), with 84 of 237 students (35.4%) showing no change between pretest and posttest. These findings indicate that one semester of practical sports learning is sufficient to significantly improve students' muscular endurance and explosive power, but not their cardiorespiratory endurance, suggesting the need for more structured, continuous aerobic training within the curriculum.]]>
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