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INDONESIA
e-GIGI
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 2338199X     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Dentistry
JURNAL e-Gigi diterbitkan oleh Perhimpunan Ahli Anatomi Indonesia (Komisariat Manado) bekerja sama dengan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Jurnal ini diterbitkan 2 (dua) kali setahun (Juni, Desember). e-Gigi memuat artikel telaah (review article), hasil penelitian, dan laporan kasus dalam bidang ilmu kedokteran gigi.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 607 Documents
 57   58   59   60   61 
Antimicrobial Effects of Cassava Peel and Leaves against Oral Pathogens Florencia L. Kurniawan; Octarina Octarina; Astri Rinanti; Komariah Komariah; Mark L. Lauw; Ilman N. Maulana
e-GiGi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): e-GiGi
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/eg.v14i2.65511

Abstract

Abstract: Cassava peel and leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) are agro-waste materials rich in secondary metabolites with potential antimicrobial properties. Research exploring their effects against oral pathogens remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of cassava peel and leaf extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans. This was a laboratory and experimental study. Samples of cassava leaves, outer and inner young peel (six months), outer and inner mature peel (10 months) were dried, powdered, and subjected to ethanol maceration. Phytochemical screening assessed flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, quinones, steroids, and triterpenoids. Antimicrobial activity was tested using the microdiffusion well method, and inhibition zones were measured in millimeters. Positive controls were chloramphenicol (for bacteria) and nystatin (for fungi). Negative control was sterile aquadest. The results showed that leaf extract produced inhibition zones of 8.90 mm (S. aureus), 6.00 mm (S. mutans and C. albicans). Peel extracts showed varying activity, with outer young peel (6 months) yielding 7.25 mm (S. aureus), 6 mm (S. mutans and C. albicans)  and inner young peel (6 months) yielding 8.74 mm (S. aureus), 35.27 mm (S. mutans), 6 mm (C. albicans)  while outer mature peel (10 months) yielding 6.13 mm (S. aureus), 6.00 mm (S. mutans and C. albicans) and inner mature peel (10 months) yielding 10.44 mm (S. aureus), 55.36 mm (S. mutans), 6 mm (C. albicans). Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins in most of cassava peel and leave samples. In conclusion, cassava peel and leaf extracts exhibit antimicrobial activity against major oral pathogens, with inner mature peels (10 months) showing the strongest effect against Streptococcus mutans. These results support their potential use as natural antimicrobial agents in herbal oral care formulations. Keywords: antibacterial; cassava peel; cassava leaves; oral pathogens; phytochemicals
Faktor-Faktor Penghambat Kunjungan Masyarakat Desa ke Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut Lausa, Cindy; Wowor, Vonny N. S.; Wicaksono, Dinar A.
e-GiGi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): e-GiGi
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/eg.v14i2.66107

Abstract

Abstract: The low rate of community visits to dental healthcare facilities is a significant public health concern, particularly in areas with high prevalence of dental problems. The gap between the need for treatment and the low utilization of services highlights the existence of problems that must be identified and addressed to ensure optimal access to dental healthcare for the community. This study aimed to identify the factors that hinder community visits to public health centers in accessing dental and oral healthcare services, particularly in areas with low visitation rates such as Desa Maen. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach, involving 88 respondents selected using the stratified proportional random sampling method. Data were collected using a checklist and analyzed descriptively. The factors hindering community visits to dental and oral healthcare facilities in Desa Maen included healthcare service factors (62.5%), economic factors (54.5%), knowledge-related factors (52.3%), geographical factors (47.7%), transportation factors (28.4%), and the lowest factor being other reasons (17.05%). In conclusion, healthcare service, economic, knowledge, geographical, transportation, and time factors are the main hindrances to community visits to dental and oral healthcare facilities at Desa Maen. Among these, the quality and availability of healthcare services represent the most significant hindrance. Keywords: hindering factors; community visit; dental healthcare facilities   Abstrak: Rendahnya kunjungan masyarakat ke fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut menjadi permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat yang penting, terutama di wilayah dengan prevalensi masalah gigi dan mulut yang tinggi. Ketimpangan antara kebutuhan perawatan dan rendahnya pemanfaatan layanan menunjukkan adanya masalah yang perlu diidentifikasi dan diatasi agar masyarakat dapat memperoleh layanan kesehatan gigi yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menghambat kunjungan masyarakat ke puskesmas dalam mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut, terutama daerah dengan angka kunjungan yang rendah seperti Desa Maen. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Responden ialah 88 anggota masyarakat Desa Maen, diambil berdasarkan metode stratified proportional random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan daftar tilik dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan faktor-faktor penghambat kunjungan masyarakat Desa Maen ke fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut, yaitu faktor pelayanan kesehatan (62,5%), faktor ekonomi (54,5%), faktor pengetahuan (52,3%), faktor geografis (47,7%), faktor transportasi (28,4%), dan yang paling rendah yakni faktor waktu (17,05%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pelayanan kesehatan, ekonomi, pengetahuan, geografis, transportasi, dan waktu merupakan faktor penghambat kunjungan masyarakat Desa Maen ke fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Pelayanan kesehatan ialah faktor penghambat terbesar kunjungan masyarakat ke fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Kata kunci: faktor penghambat; kunjungan masyarakat; fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut
Aplikasi Sinar Ultraviolet C terhadap Pertumbuhan Koloni Candida albicans Tira H. Skripsa; Gunawan Wibisono; Diah A. Purbaningrum; Yoghi B. Prabowo; Rizky M. Boedi
e-GiGi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): e-GiGi
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/eg.v14i2.64794

Abstract

Abstract: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) often involve Candida albicans as the dominant pathogen. Various sterilization and disinfection procedures using autoclaves, chlorhexidine gluconate, alcohol, and ultraviolet exposure can be employed to reduce the risk. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Ultraviolet C (UV-C, 254 nm) in reducing the number of C. albicans colonies. This was an experimental laboratory study using a pre- and post-test control group design. A total of 120 Petri dishes containing C. albicans cultures were divided into three groups (one control and two treatment groups with varying durations of UV-C exposure). Colony reduction was calculated manually by comparing the control group with the treatment groups. Analysis was conducted on 1×10⁴ CFU/mL and 1×105 CFU/mL suspensions. The results of the One-Way ANOVA showed a significant difference in the reduction of C. albicans colonies among the treatment groups. The longer the UV-C exposure duration, the greater the observed colony reduction. These findings reinforce the effectiveness of UV-C (254 nm) in reducing the viability of C. albicans with a duration-dependent response pattern. In conclusion, exposure to UV-C light (254 nm) is proven effective in reducing the number of Candida albicans colonies. The longer the duration of exposure, the greater the reduction in the colony count. Keywords: Candida albicans; ultraviolet C   Abstrak: Infeksi terkait pelayanan kesehatan (HAIs) kerap melibatkan Candida albicans sebagai patogen dominan. Terdapat berbagai prosedur sterilisasi dan disinfeksi menggunakan autoklaf, klorheksidin glukonat, alkohol, dan paparan ultraviolet untuk menekan risiko tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan sinar ultraviolet spektrum C (UV-C, 254 nm) menurunkan jumlah koloni C. albicans. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental laboratorik dengan rancangan pre- and post-test control group. Sebanyak 120 cawan Petri berisi biakan C. albicans dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok (satu kontrol dan dua perlakuan dengan variasi durasi paparan UV-C). Penurunan jumlah koloni dihitung secara manual dengan membandingkan kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan. Analisis dilakukan pada suspensi 1×10⁴ CFU/mL dan 1×105 CFU/mL. Hasil One-Way ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan penurunan jumlah koloni C. albicans yang bermakna antar kelompok perlakuan. Semakin lama durasi paparan UV-C, semakin besar reduksi koloni yang diamati. Temuan ini menguatkan efektivitas UV-C (254 nm) dalam menurunkan viabilitas C. albicans dengan pola respons bergantung durasi paparan. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah paparan sinar UV-C (254 nm) terbukti efektif menurunkan jumlah koloni Candida albicans. Semakin lama durasi paparan, semakin banyak jumlah koloni yang berkurang. Kata kunci: Candida albicans; ultraviolet C (UV-C); healthcare-associated infections
Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Meyke Widyaningrum; Damajanty H. C. Pangemanan; Christy N. Mintjelungan
e-GiGi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): e-GiGi
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/eg.v14i2.66070

Abstract

Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus belongs to the normal flora in the human body, however, it can become pathogenic when mucosal surfaces are subjected to trauma or abrasion. The ketapang plant (Terminalia catappa L.) contains antibacterial compounds such as flavonoids. This study aimed to identify the inhibitory effect of ketapang leaf extract on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The disk diffusion method was used for the antibacterial assay. Ketapang leaf samples were collected from Sindulang 2 area in Manado, macerated for three days, and prepared into extract concentrations of 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%; each tested in four replications. The Staphylococcus aureus strain used was obtained from the culture collection of the Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado. The concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% demonstrated antibacterial activity. The highest mean inhibition zone was observed at the 100% concentration with a diameter of 12.46 mm, while the lowest was at 70% with a diameter of 10.63 mm. The results indicate that ketapang leaf extract possesses inhibitory activity against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, with higher concentrations producing larger zones of inhibition. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; ketapang leaves; inhibitory activity    Abstrak: Staphylococcus aureus merupakan flora normal di tubuh manusia, tetapi dapat berubah menjadi patogen saat permukaan mukosa terkena trauma atau abrasi. Tanaman daun ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) memiliki senyawa antibakteri seperti flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kemampuan ekstrak daun ketapang dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Pengujian ini menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Sampel daun ketapang diambil dari daerah Sindulang 2, Manado yang dimaserasi selama tiga hari dan dibuat menjadi konsentrasi 70%, 80%, 90%, dan 100% dengan empat kali pengulangan. Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus yang digunakan merupakan biakan Laboratorium Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA) Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Hasil pengujian konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100%  menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri. Rerata diameter terbesar terdapat pada konsentrasi 100% dengan nilai 12,46 mm dan rerata terkecil pada konsentrasi 70% dengan nilai 10,63 mm. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah ekstrak daun ketapang memiliki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi, semakin besar zona hambat yang terbentuk. Kata kunci: Staphylococcus aureus; daun ketapang; daya hambat
Pengaruh Mendengarkan Musik Ambient Terhadap Kecemasan Pasien Ekstraksi Gigi Elaine S. A. Wanok; Vonny N. S. Wowor; Crista G. Sekeon
e-GiGi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): e-GiGi
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/eg.v14i2.66071

Abstract

Abstract: Tooth extraction is one of the dental procedures which can cause dental anxiety. Dental anxiety can be managed with non-pharmacological interventions such as ambient music. This study aimed to determine the effect of listening to ambient music on patients' anxiety during tooth extraction procedures. This was a true experimental study. Respondents were 30 patients at Tuminting Health Center in Manado, aged 18–59 years, consisting of nine patients who had never undergone tooth extraction and 21 patients who had previously undergone tooth extraction, selected using purposive sampling according to inclusion criteria. Among respondents who had never undergone tooth extraction, the first measurement showed that 44.44% were in low anxiety category, 55.55% in the second measurement, and 66.67% in the third measurement. For moderate anxiety category, the first measurement showed 55.55%, the second measurement 44.44%, and the third measurement 33.33%. Among respondents who had undergone tooth extraction, the first measurement showed low anxiety category was 28.57%, the second measurement was 42.86%, and the third measurement was 28.57%. The moderate anxiety category was 57.14% in the first measurement, 42.86% in the second measurement, and 71.43% in the third measurement. For the high anxiety category, the first and second measurements were 14.28%, and the third measurement was 0%. The Friedman test results showed significant differences in anxiety levels before, during, and after the intervention of ambient music, with an Asymp. Sig. value of 0.001 (<0.05). In conclusion, listening to ambient music effectively reduces anxiety in patients undergoing tooth extraction. Keywords: dental extraction; dental anxiety; ambient music    Abstrak: Ekstraksi gigi merupakan salah satu perawatan yang dapat menyebabkan kecemasan dental. Kecemasan dental dapat ditangani dengan intervensi nonfarmakologis seperti menggunakan musik ambient. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh mendengarkan musik ambient terhadap kecemasan pasien saat tindakan ekstraksi gigi. Jenis penelitian ini true experimental. Sampel penelitian berusia 18–59 tahun berjumlah 30 orang pasien di Puskesmas Tuminting Kota Manado, terdiri atas sembilan pasien yang belum pernah menjalani tindakan ekstraksi gigi dan 21 pasien yang sudah pernah menjalani tindakan ekstraksi gigi, diambil dengan purposive sampling sesuai kriteria inklusi. Pada responden yang belum pernah ekstraksi gigi, hasil pengukuran pertama mendapatkan kategori cemas rendah sebesar 44,44%, pengukuran kedua 55,55%, dan pengukuran ketiga 66,67%. Untuk kategori cemas sedang pada pengukuran pertama 55,55%, pengukuran kedua 44,44%, dan pengukuran ketiga 33,33%. Pada responden yang sudah pernah ekstraksi gigi, hasil pengukuran pertama mendapatkan kategori cemas rendah sebesar 28,57%, pengukuran kedua 42,86%, dan pengukuran ketiga  28,57%. Untuk kategori cemas sedang, pengukuran pertama 57,14%, pengukuran kedua 42,86%, pengukuran ketiga 71,43%, sedangkan untuk kategori cemas tinggi, pengukuran pertama dan kedua 14,28% dan pengukuran ketiga 0%. Hasil uji Friedman menunjukkan perbedaan hasil sebelum, saat, dan setelah intervensi menggunakan musik ambient dengan nilai Asymp. Sig. 0,001 (<0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah mendengarkan musik ambient berpengaruh menurunkan kecemasan pasien ekstraksi gigi. Kata kunci: ekstraksi gigi; kecemasan dental; musik ambient
Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Mangrove Sonneratia alba terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans pada Gigi Tiruan Resin Akrilik Ivone B. P. Rumimper; Vonny N. S. Wowor; Janno B. B. Bernadus
e-GiGi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): e-GiGi
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/eg.v14i2.66108

Abstract

Abstract: Candida albicans is commonly found in denture wearers, particularly due to suboptimal denture hygiene. The porous surface of acrylic resin facilitates the colonization of C. albicans, making regular cleaning essential. Chemical cleaning methods, especially those using natural substances, are increasingly being developed as alternatives. The mangrove plant Sonneratia alba is known to contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and tannins, which have potential antifungal properties. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Sonneratia alba leaf extract on the growth of C. albicans on acrylic resin dentures. This was a true experimental laboratory study using a post-test control group design. The testing method employed was a modified Kirby-Bauer method. The test was conducted at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%, along with positive and negative controls. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test showed a significance value p>0.05, indicating that the data were normally distributed. One-Way ANOVA revealed a significance value of p=0.000, indicating a significant difference between groups. The Tukey’s HSD test showed differences in the strength of inhibition among the treatment concentrations and control groups. In conclusion, Sonneratia alba mangrove leaf extract can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans on acrylic resin denture plates as indicated by the increase in the inhibition zone diameter with increasing extract concentrations. Keywords: Sonneratia alba; Candida albicans; acrylic resin denture    Abstrak: Candida albicans sering ditemukan pada pengguna gigi tiruan, terutama akibat kebersihan gigi tiruan yang kurang optimal. Permukaan resin akrilik yang berpori memudahkan kolonisasi C. albicans, sehingga pembersihan rutin sangat diperlukan. Metode pembersihan kimiawi, khususnya dengan bahan alami, kini banyak dikembangkan sebagai alternatif. Tumbuhan mangrove Sonneratia alba diketahui mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid dan tanin yang berpotensi sebagai antijamur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji daya hambat ekstrak daun mangrove Sonneratia alba terhadap pertumbuhan C. albicans pada gigi tiruan resin akrilik. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni berupa uji laboratorium menggunakan posttest control group design. Metode pengujian yang digunakan yaitu modifikasi Kirby-Bauer. Uji dilakukan pada konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, kontrol positif, dan kontrol negatif. Uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk mendapatkan nilai signifikansi p>0,05, yang menunjukkan bahwa data terdistribusi secara normal. Uji One Way ANOVA menunjukkan nilai signifikansi p=0,000, yang berarti terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok. Uji Tukey’s HSD menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kekuatan daya hambat pada konsentrasi perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah ekstrak daun mangrove Sonneratia alba dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur C. albicans pada plat gigi tiruan resin akrilik sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan diameter zona hambat seiring dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi ekstrak. Kata kunci: Sonneratia alba; Candida albicans; gigi tiruan resin akrilik
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmannii) terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus Mutans Amran, Ricky; Mahata, Intan B. E.; Ineta, Nazhiva
e-GiGi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): e-GiGi
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/eg.v14i2.60673

Abstract

Abstract: One of the most common dental and oral disease is dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Mouthwash is used to prevent caries, but its high alcohol content can have side effects, therefore, alternative natural ingredients are needed; one of which is cinnamon bark. Cinnamon bark contains active antibacterial ingredients, including flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and triterpenoids. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of cinnamon bark extract against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. This was a laboratory and experimental study with a post-test only with control group research design using cinnamon bark extract with concentrations of 20%, 25%, and 30% as well as positive control and negative controls. Data analysis used One Way Anova test followed by LSD test. The result showed that cinnamon bark extract had antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans bacteria with a p-value of 0.000 <0.05, with the strongest antibacterial activity in 30% concentration extract. In conclusion, cinnamon bark extract (Cinnamomum burmnannii) has antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans with a weak category. Keywords: Streptococcus mutans; cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmannii); inhibition effect    Abstrak: Salah satu penyakit gigi dan mulut yang paling umum diderita ialah karies gigi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Obat kumur dapat digunakan untuk mencegah karies, namun kadar alkohol yang tinggi pada obat kumur dapat memberikan efek samping, sehingga dibutuhkan alternatif bahan alami; salah satunya ialah kulit kayu manis. Kulit kayu manis mengandung bahan antibakteri aktif yaitu flavonoid, tannin, saponin, alkaloid dan triterpenoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kulit kayu manis terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental laboratoris dengan desain post-test only with control group, menggunakan ekstrak kulit kayu manis dengan konsentrasi 20%, 25%, dan 30% serta kontrol positif dan kontrol negatif. Analisis data menggunakan uji One Way Anova dan dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa ekstrak kulit kayu manis memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans dengan nilai p=0,000 <0,05, dengan aktivitas antibakteri tertinggi pada ekstrak konsentrasi 30%. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah ekstrak kulit kayu manis (Cinnamomum burmnannii) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus mutans dengan kategori lemah. Kata kunci: Streptococcus mutans; kulit kayu manis (Cinnamomum burmannii); daya hambat

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