International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS)
International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS), a double blind peer-reviewed journal, publishes scientific full papers written in English. IJHS is a biannual, published twice a year, namely in September and March.
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<![CDATA[THE ROLE OF MONEY IN THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS ]]>
<![CDATA[Stober, Emmanuel Olusegun]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 6, No 2 (2023): March 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.v6i2.4714
<![CDATA[Whosoever says money cannot buy you happiness does not know where to shop. Your stand concerning this statement will depend on your level of income and the importance of money for your well-being. Since some might argue that having money is not everything, it then raises the question of what does it take to be happy? What is the government's role in this endeavor? And how can happiness be sustained? This study presents some principles about money and happiness. It suggests that while being rich might not necessarily be the main or only path to happiness, having a higher income will guarantee access to homes in safer neighborhoods, better healthcare, and nutrition, provide access to higher education for your family, give you a sense of fulfillment, work satisfaction, and more leisure time. Note that how you spend, save, and think about money shapes how much joy you get from it. Above all, happiness is a subjective experience. It is about the satisfaction you derive from the way your life is going. Happiness is about personal freedom to make important life choices, such as shaping your life the way you want it.]]>
<![CDATA[CODE-SWITCHING IN MULTILINGUAL ROVING PEOPLE’S CONVERSATIONS ]]>
<![CDATA[Bramantoko, Beda]]>;
<![CDATA[Ardi, Priyatno]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 6, No 2 (2023): March 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.v6i2.4735
<![CDATA[This paper aims at analyzing the types of code-switching in the conversation of multilingual roving people, who move from one country to another country. The participants of this qualitative research were five multilingual roving people. Audio recordings and interviews were used to collect the data. The results reveal that the types of code-switching employed by the multilingual roving people were intra-sentential switching, inter-sentential switching, situational switching, and metaphorical switching. The researchers also found that the factors influencing the multilingual roving people in switching the codes included the speaker, interlocutors, changes in the situation because of the third person, and changes in the topic. The researchers concluded that the type of code-switching that appeared the most was intra-sentential switching and the most influencing factor why the participants did code-switching was the interlocutors.]]>
<![CDATA[INTERROGATING THE DISCOURSE OF POWER AND ITS RESISTANCE IN NAWAL EL SADAAWI’S GOD DIES BY THE NILE ]]>
<![CDATA[Issaka, Charity Azumi]]>;
<![CDATA[Sanka, Cofidence Gbolo]]>;
<![CDATA[Resque, Elvis]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 6, No 2 (2023): March 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.v6i2.5433
<![CDATA[This paper employs Foucault’s theory on Discourse, Power, and Knowledge to highlight the powers shaping the Egyptian woman in God Dies by the Nile. The paper also uses the feminist theory in identifying the ways that the Egyptian woman uses to resist the discourse of power in the narrative. The paper, therefore, focuses on the power dynamics in the novel. Thus questions addressed in this paper include: how the discourses of family, society, and religion are generated in the novel; how patriarchy shapes the discourse of power in the narrative, and the subtle means used by women to resist and play out power in the novel. Using a thematic approach, textual analysis, and the novel as a primary source, the paper discusses patriarchal discourse and power politics. Examining a selection of discourses and how they affect the body of the female help in appreciating the effect of patriarchy on women in the novel. The study concludes that discourse alone does not explain the power dynamics in the novel. Silence, rebellion, female bonding, and the creation of paranoia in the men through silent but open resistance to patriarchy are some of the power dynamics played out in the novel by the female gender. ]]>
<![CDATA[BLURRING THE BOUNDARIES: THE EAST-WEST PREDICAMENT IN PAMUK’S A STRANGENESS IN MY MIND ]]>
<![CDATA[Brameswari, Catharina]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 6, No 2 (2023): March 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.v6i2.4930
<![CDATA[This research focuses on Orhan Pamuk’s A Strangeness in My Mind. Since the Ottoman Empire, a modernity that is represented by the West has become a threat and seduction. Due to the issue, this research is conducted to highlight the transformation of İstanbul, analyse Turkey’s political agenda which enormously affects İstanbul and its citizens’ identity formation process, and investigate the result of the East-West predicament towards the main characters. This research is a descriptive qualitative method which employs Homi Bhabha’s discourse on Postcolonialism to uncover the predicament of the oscillation. The findings unveil 1) how İstanbul’s cosmopolitanism and uniqueness have disappeared bringing such a grieve towards the life of the citizens; 2) the ambivalence that is caused by both Atatürk and Erdoğan’s political agendas; and 3) the east-west oscillation which has led to melancholy and confusion. In addition, Mevlut’s strange mind is a bridge that tries to connect his friends and relatives who have different political views. Importantly, he also tries to blur the boundaries and promote tolerance towards various groups, religions, cultures, and traditions.]]>
<![CDATA[ON THE EXAMINATION OF BALINESE CULTURES UPON ANIMAL AND PLANT LEXICONS IN BALINESE SONGS: AN ECO-LINGUISTICS STUDY ]]>
<![CDATA[Widiatmika, Putu Wahyu]]>;
<![CDATA[Bagus Made Ari Segara, Ida]]>;
<![CDATA[Netra, I Made]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 6, No 2 (2023): March 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.v6i2.5894
<![CDATA[This study aims to know the relation of Balinese cultures with the animal and plant lexicons in Balinese songs from the perspective of eco-linguistics. The data from this study were collected from YouTube. Listening and documentation methods along with transcription techniques were applied to collect the data. The animal and plant lexicons found were subsequently analyzed using the method of descriptive-qualitative with the help of Bang and Døør’s theory of dialectical eco-linguistics and the eco-linguistics parameters from Fill and Muhlhausler. The result of this study shows that the animal and plant lexicons used resulted from the co-existence of Balinese people and other species in their environment. The lexicons are inserted into the songs through the concept of metaphor. The co-existence makes Balinese people able to give meanings towards the animal and plant in the song based on their cultures and beliefs. ]]>
<![CDATA[CHARTING THE STAGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY : ECOLOGICAL READING OF JAMES MICHENER’S HAWAI’I ]]>
<![CDATA[Indriyanto, Kristiawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Darmawan, Ruly Indra]]>;
<![CDATA[Chandra, Tan Michael]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 6, No 2 (2023): March 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.v6i2.5774
<![CDATA[This study analyzes James Michener’s Hawai’i to underline how the environment was changed, altered and transformed over time based on differing paradigms of conceptualizing nature and environment. It primarily focuses on how the Native Hawai’ians, American settlers and Chinese immigrants have contrasting ways of perceiving the more-than-human world. The stages of environmental history, as underlined by Worster and Cronon argue how the differing paradigm is intertwined within the cultural contexts and socio-historical circumstances of a particular ethnicity in Hawai’i. Their paradigm manifested through social reproduction resulting from the mode of production, either instrumentalising or respecting the land. Moreover, race, social status and gender also problematize how the environment is conceptualized. From the perspective of environmental history, the environment is positioned as dynamic and changing, contrary to a prior depiction of nature as passive and static. The finding suggests that environmental perspectives in the novel Hawai’i can provide an avenue to reinterpreting human and non-human relationships by considering humanity as part of the natural world.]]>
<![CDATA[MAN AND WOMAN IDENTITY IN DALIHAN NA TOLU ]]>
<![CDATA[Marpaung, Magdalena Br]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 6, No 2 (2023): March 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.v6i2.5519
<![CDATA[This research derived from the phenomenon that men of Toba Batak must be respected more and are treated differently from women. To define the truth of the phenomenon this study analysed the ideology of Toba Batak; dalihan na tolu which is composed by (1) somba marhula-hula, (2) elek marboru, and (3) manat mardongan tubu by analysing the syntactic and semantic structure of it and adapted the ecolinguistic approach to defined man and woman identity by Arran Stibbe. The syntactic and semantic analysis on dalihan na tolu defined the identity of men and women as follows: (a) men as brothers in Toba-Batak community are leader, decision makers, they are positioned the highest in the ideology and have more arguments in doing their responsibility to love sisters. (b) Women as sisters in Toba-Batak community are the second position in the ideology and for both syntactic and semantically are proved have to be strictly respect brothers, they have less argument to do it. However, men and women of Toba-Batak, due to their contribution to ‘manat mardongan tubu’ are positioned the same. ]]>
<![CDATA[MEN’S SEXUAL TRAUMA RESISTANCE IN BLACK AMERICAN FOLKLORE: A POSTCOLONIAL CRITICISM OF NEGRO “WOMAN TALES” ]]>
<![CDATA[Ntamwana, Simon]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 6, No 2 (2023): March 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.v6i2.5702
<![CDATA[The purpose of this paper “Men’s Sexual Trauma Resistance in Black American Folklore: A Postcolonial Criticism of Negro “Woman Tales” from the Gulf States” was to discuss the reflection of postcolonial sexual trauma and resistance to it through storytelling among African Americans in the Gulf States. The study was concerned with 3 folktales classified under the cycle “Woman Tales”. The folktales were selected from the collection made by Zora Neale Hurston in the southern states of Alabama, Florida, and Louisiana from 1927 to 1930 and compiled in the book Every Tongue Got to confess: Negro Folktales from the Gulf States (2001). The postcolonial approach and trauma theory based on the interpretative qualitative method and library research was used in the discussion of the selected folktales. It was found that the performance of the “Woman Tales” is informed by the black men’s traumatic memories of slavery and post-slavery emasculation. Black male narrators imitate trauma narratives in which they reflect male sexual trauma and recreate black woman identity to contain it. Through this imitation and reflection, the folktales challenge the legacy of the plantation patriarchy by reconstructing a woman's identity that is docile to black masculinity.]]>
<![CDATA[REINFORCING AND REPULSING THE STAGES OF LIFE’S WAY: A KIERKEGAARDIAN READING OF PHILIP ROTH’S SABBATH’S THEATER (1995) ]]>
<![CDATA[Ledesma, Jan Raen Carlo Mijaro]]>;
<![CDATA[Manalastas, Aldrin Enciso]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 6, No 2 (2023): March 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.v6i2.3768
<![CDATA[This paper unveils the postmodernist patina of Philip Roth’s novel Sabbath’s Theater through the affairs of its main character Morris “Mickey” Sabbath—a 64-year-old puppeteer who finds absolute delight in pursuing the base pleasures of life and one who also indulges himself in the American world bringing him to a state of alienation and destruction. We attempt to present Sabbath as the “aesthete” who greatly wallows in the fleshly pleasures of life. His sexual trysts generate the grounds for discoursing on the matter of sex as a potent postmodern site of disorder, self-cognizance, and reflexivity that leads towards annihilation of the self. In our analysis, we present him akin to an animal wallowing in base pleasures. Bounded by the “finite” from the perspective of the philosopher Soren Kierkegaard, his sexual trysts, ethnic displacements, and the juggling between home (Jewish origins) and host (American landscape) are factors that make it not possible for Sabbath to acquire a true self. Capitalizing on the descriptive-analytical research design, the paper leans on the critical concepts expounded by the philosopher Soren Kierkegaard particularly his three stages of life and the discourse on finitude in further making sense of Mickey Sabbath’s untamed pursuit of worldly desires. We present Sabbath greatly wallowing in the aesthetic stage of life. The ethical and religious stages are depicted only as specters that persistently confront the novel’s hero. The findings highlight Sabbath as the aesthete and pleasure-seeker who wallows in sexual pleasures as well as the person who immerses himself in art and other intellectual pursuits. All the worldly feats that affect the disposition of Sabbath compel him to spurn the ethical stage. This leads to the assertion that there is no commitment to virtue and integrity on the part of the Sabbath that can lead to the religious stage of life.]]>
<![CDATA[SHE THINKS, HE SAYS: THE VOICE OF THE OTHER IN NOBEL LAUREATES’ GENDERED LITERATURE ]]>
<![CDATA[Amamio, Regie Panadero]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) Vol 6, No 2 (2023): March 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Sanata Dharma University ]]>
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DOI: 10.24071/ijhs.v6i2.5426
<![CDATA[The gendered language system is often used in literary works to present distinct character perspectives however, the issue of representation is accentuated when a writer presents a perspective of a different gender. Kawabata Yasunari and Gabriel Garcia Marquez who depicted female perspectives in their stories, have to face the issue of reliability of representation: theirs is argued asa patriarchal perception of a female’s perspective. Employing Spivak’s argument in Can the Subaltern Speak?, this paper positioned her statement as “through the perspective of the West (men), subaltern (women) become/s dependent on them (men) to speak for their condition rather than allowing them to speak for themselves.” This paper discussed the gendered language by examining the characters’ uncertain finitude utilizing Asher-Greve’s established gender markers to identify gender associations. Withthe stories of the two Nobel Laureates, this paper has established that through exploring the narrators’ usage of gendered language, both writers have inadvertently revealed their own male biases. The narrators of both writers turned out to be the voice of the other not because they have truthfully and successfully spoken for the marginalized; instead, they have become estranged voices of the subjects they are supposed to represent.Hence, the voices that cry for connection and understanding.]]>
