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Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
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Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 33 No. 3 (2014)" : 10 Documents clear
Annona muricata leaves have strongest cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cells Susi Endrini; Suherman Suherman; Wahyu Widowati
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.179-184

Abstract

BACKGROUND Plant-derived herbal compounds have a long history of clinical use, better patient tolerance and acceptance. They are freely available natural compounds that can be safely used to prevent various ailments. Plants have been the basis of traditional medicine throughout the world for thousands of years and are providing mankind with new remedies. The objective of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of soursop (Anona muricata Linn) leaves and pearl grass (Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam.) on the hormone-dependent human breast carcinoma Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cell line. METHODS This study used two types of solvents (water and ethanol) in the extraction process and two incubation times (24 hours and 48 hours) in the MTT assays to analyze the cytotoxic effects of both plants. RESULTS Preliminary results showed that the ethanolic extract of soursop leaves (SE) displayed cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 on 24- and 48-hour incubation times with IC50 values of 88.788 μg/ml and 14.678 μg/ml, respectively. Ethanolic pearl grass extract (PE) showed similar results, with IC50 values of 65.011 μg/ ml on 24-hour incubation time and 52.329 μg/ml on 48-hour incubation time against MCF-7 cell line. However, the water extract of both plants displayed lower cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 cell line. CONCLUSION The ethanolic extract of both plants displayed cytotoxic effect against MCF-7. Soursop (Anona muricata Linn) leaves have the strongest cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.
Transcription factor 7-like 2 as type-2 diabetes mellitus diagnostic marker in ethnic Minangkabau Syamsurizal Syamsurizal; Yanwirasti Yanwirasti; Asman Manaf; Jamsari Jamsari; ML Edy Parwanto; Arif Sardi
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.205-212

Abstract

BACKGROUNDThe prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing rapidly in developed and developing countries. Many new loci associated with T2DM have been uncovered by genetic and genome-wide association studies, eg. the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene variant rs7895340 has been associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this research was to find an association between polymorphisms of TCF7L2 gene variant rs7895340 with T2DM in ethnic Minangkabau.METHODSThis was a case-control study using a consecutive sampling technique among ethnic Minangkabau patients who came for treatment to the Metabolic Endocrinology Polyclinic at Dr. M. Jamil Hospital. Analysis was performed on 132 subjects (66 T2DM patients and 66 controls). DNA was isolated from venous blood samples and amplified using the amplification refractory mutation system - polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TCF7L2 gene variant rs7895340. To determine the significance of association of SNPs of rs7895340 with T2DM in ethnic Minangkabau, data analysis was performed using chi-square test.RESULTSThe ARMS - PCR for TCF7L2 gene variant rs7895340 found polymorphisms in 28 (42.42%) subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in 15 (22.72%) non-diabetic subjects.There was a significant association between rs7895340 SNPs with the probability of T2DM in ethnic Minangkabau (OR=2.505, p=0.026). CONCLUSIONSSingle nucleotide polymorphism rs7895340 of TCF7L2 gene can be used as genetic marker of type-2 diabetes mellitus in ethnic Minangkabau.
Typhonium flagelliforme decreases protein expression in murine breast cancer Chodidjah Chodidjah; Taufiqurrahman Nasihun; Eni Widayati
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.163-170

Abstract

BACKGROUND Breast cancer treatment is still ineffective, having also various side effects. Breast cancer growth is affected by human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) and B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) expression. In vitro studies on continuous culture of continuous culture of human lymphoblasts (CEMs) showed that Typhonium flagelliforme (TF) increases apoptosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether TF syrup (TFS) could decrease HER2/ neu and BCL2 expression as well as breast cancer volume (BCV) in mice. METHODS An experimental post-test only control group design was conducted on 18 C3H mice with breast cancers, randomly allocated to 3 groups of 6. Group 1 received 0.2 ml of distilled water. Group 2 and 3 animals were each given 0.2 ml of 40 mg/ml and 80 mg/ml TFS, respectively. The treatment was given orally once daily for 25 days. Assessment of HER2/neu and BCL2 expression was by immunohistochemistry, whereas BCV was measured by caliper. Anova and LSD were used for data analysis. RESULTS There was a significant difference in HER2/neu and BCL2 expression as well as in BCV among the treatment groups. LSD analysis showed that HER2/neu and BCL2 expression in group 3 (51.60%; 24.60%) was significantly lower than in group 1 (245.40%; 114.40%) as well as group 2 (235.50%; 54.20%) (p=0.000). BCV in group 3 (4392.33 mm3) was significantly greater than BCV in group 1 (253.87 mm3) (p=0.002), but was not significantly different from BCV in group 2 (3667.16 mm3) (p=0.306). CONCLUSION Suplementation with TFS decreases HER2/neu and BCL2 expression. TF appears to be a promising plant demonstarting anti cancer activity.
Epidermal growth factor polymorphism most prevalent in stage II cervical carcinoma Kevin Dominique Tjandraprawira; Ramdan Panigoro; Yudi Mulyana Hidayat; Herman Susanto; Edhyana Sahiratmadja
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.192-198

Abstract

Background    Cervical cancer ranks second among female cancers worldwide and is widely associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. However, HPV infection progression is influenced by various host factors. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a host factor important for proper epithelial proliferation and development, and may play a role in cervical cancer progression. A functional A61G polymorphism in the EGF gene has been hypothesized to alter EGF concentration in vivo with increasing guanine content associated with greater EGF level. However, a map of A61G polymorphism distribution is not available for any population, including Indonesia. This study aims to determine the distribution of EGF A61G polymorphism among cervical cancer patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between July-November 2010. Included were 61 cervical cancer patients of various stages at Dr. Hasan Sadikin hospital, who had previously undergone blood sample collection, DNA isolation and finally genotyping for EGF gene using Illumina BeadXpress®. Chi-square test was used to analyse the data. ResultsThe EGF A61G polymorphism was exhibited by 88.5% of patients (as genotypes A/G and G/G). The majority of patients with this polymorphism were of moderate severity (FIGO stage II and III, 42.6% and 38.1% respectively). Patients with the polymorphism but with the lightest severity (FIGO stage I) accounted for 22.2% of the population. ConclusionEGF A61G polymorphism affected the majority of cervical cancer patients and that once stratified, the patients showed intermediate severity in terms of their cancerous growth.
Hexane neem leaf extract more potent than ethanol extract against Aspergillus flavus Jenny Hidayat; Ay Ly Margaret; Hanna Yolanda; Lies K. Wibisono
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.171-178

Abstract

BACKGROUND Aspergillus flavus is one of the causes of aspergillosis, with a high virulence and resistance to standard antifungals, resulting in a high mortality rate. Medicinal plants are increasingly used as they are relatively safer with minimal side effects. Previously we found that the ethanol extract of neem (Azadirachta indica A Juss) leaves inhibits A. flavus growth in vitro. However, most chemical compounds with antifungal effect are nonpolar. The purpose of this research was to compare the antifungal effect of neem leaves extracted in a nonpolar solvent to that of leaves extracted in a polar solvent. METHODS An in vitro experimental research was conducted between October 2013 and January 2014. Neem leaves were extracted in ethanol or hexane at various concentrations. A macrodilution test with 48-hour incubation time was done in triplicate on 8 groups of samples. These comprised the neem leaf ethanol extract (NLEE) at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/dL, neem leaf hexane extract (NLHE) at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/dL, positive control, and negative control groups. Fungal growth was detected on Sabouroud dextrose agar. Statistical analysis used Chi square and Fisher’s exact test. RESULTS NLHE had a higher, but statistically non-significant, inhibitory effect on A. flavus than NLEE (p=0.996). At higher concentrations, the antifungal effect of NLHE is better than that of NLEE. CONCLUSION There is no significant difference in in-vitro inhibitory effectivity on A. flavus of neem leaves between extracts in polar and nonpolar solvents.
Metalloproteinase-9 gene variants and risk for hypertension among ethnic Javanese Fitranto Arjadi; Saefuddin Aziz; Alfi Muntafiah
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.213-220

Abstract

BackgroundHypertension is associated with endothelial-dependent vasodilation disorders, due to reduced nitric oxide (NO) availability and excessive angiotensin II (ANG-II) activation. The objective of this study was to determine the association between matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) gene polymorphism and hypertension in ethnic Javanese in the 40-80 year age group. MethodsThis was a case-control study on 50 PROLANIS patients of family doctors meeting the inclusion criteria and 50 controls without hypertension. Subjects were hypertensive patients with constant systolic arterial pressure of >140 mmHg and diastolic arterial pressure of >90 mmHg, confirmed in three successive measurements The observed parameters were degree of MMP-9 polymorphism, and NO and ANG-II levels. Matrix metallopeptidase 9 polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using the SmaI restriction enzyme. MMP-9 polymorphisms were indicated by variation in band patterns. Degree of polymorphism in cases and controls were compared with NO and ANG-II levels in both groups. Data analysis was done using independent t-test.ResultsThe heterozygous (3 band) to normal (2 band) MMP-9 genotype ratio was 3:1 in hypertensives, but balanced in controls. In hypertensives, heterozygous GA and homozygous AA genotype frequencies were respectively 3.198 and 1.548 times higher than that of the GG genotype (p=0.008 and p=0.726). There was a statistically significant differences of NO and Ang-II levels between cases and controls (p=0.000 and p=0.000; respectively). ConclusionMatrix metallopeptidase 9 gene polymorphisms in hypertensive ethnic Javanese are associated with NO and angiotensin II levels.
Elevated uric acid level decreases glycated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes mellitus Muhammad Fahmi Hidayat; Santi Syafril; Dharma Lindarto
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.199-204

Abstract

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disease which is characterized by variable degrees of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Uric acid has been identified as a marker for a number of metabolic and hemodynamic abnormalities. In diabetic patients, there is biochemical interaction between serum glucose and purine metabolism, with increased excretion of uric acid during hyperglycemia and glycosuria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation of serum uric acid levels with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients.MethodsA cross sectional study from May until July 2014 had been done in 82 type 2 diabetes patients. Serum was analyzed for uric acid, fasting and 2-hour post prandial blood glucose and lipid profile. Spearman correlation test was used to assess associations of HbA1c, fasting and post prandial blood glucose with serum uric acid levels.ResultsThere was a negative correlation of HbA1c with serum uric acid levels (r=-0.407; p=0.000) and of fasting and post prandial blood glucose with serum uric acid levels (r=-0.338; p=0.002 and r=-0.318; p=0.004, respectively).ConclusionsSerum uric acid level was associated with HbA1c, fasting and post prandial blood glucose suggesting a significant role of serum uric acid in the deterioration of glucose toleration.
Ebola virus – new threat to global health Rina K. Kusumaratna
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.151-152

Abstract

Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a fatal infectious disease of humans and primates. The disease is caused by single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the family Filoviridae. The Ebola virus started to emerge in 1976, in an outbreak that almost simultaneously attacked two countries, namely Zaire and Sudan. (1) Around 500 cases were reported, with a case fatality rate of  88% in Zaire and 53% in Sudan. Although occurring at the same time, the Ebola viruses in the two countries were of different species, by serologic criteria as well as by sequence analysis.(2) The following Ebola virus species have been found: Zaire ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, Cote d’Ivoire ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, and Bundibugyo ebolavirus.(1)  Since September 2014, more than 4000 confirmed cases of Ebola virus disease, with more than 2000 deaths, have been reported in West African countries, such as Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, and Sierra Leone.(3)     The Ebola outbreak started in Guinea in Desember 2013.(4) Nine months after the occurrence of the first cases, there was a weekly increase in the number of reported cases and deaths. There is now a global warning for nations to be on the alert against the spread of the Ebola virus.  Therefore the World Health Organization has declared the situation to be a public health emergency of international concern.(3) At the present time the Ebola outbreak is developing and spreading, so there are substantial challenges in controlling the outbreak, halting its transmission, and  providing clinical services to Ebola virus patients. However, the detection of patients with Ebola infection requires adequate diagnostic facilities, accompanied by treatment clinics and medicines, so as to help in containing the disease. The Ebola virus infection is mainly spread by contact with body fluids of symptomatic patients, and its transmission can be prevented by early diagnosis, contact tracing, isolation of patients, patient care, and infection control.(4,5)     Since it became known that two American healthcare workers in Liberia had become infected with the Ebola virus, the Ebola outbreak in West Africa has attracted much attention and caused anxiety in many countries.(7) This is not the first viral outbreak in West Africa that has  caused concern in advanced countries. Between 1928-1929, a yellow fever outbreak in West Africa resulted in the deaths of prominent research workers from America, England, and  Japan.(7)    Although several ecological aspects of the virus are known, there is still much to be investigated in relation to its ecology. Fruit bats are thought to be one of the reservoirs of the Ebola virus, although other animals may also be susceptible to the Ebola virus and be able to infect humans.(6) It is thought that infection in humans first occur at the time of exposure to body fluids from animal reservoirs of the virus, or intermediate animal hosts.(1) A study conducted by Pourrut et al.(8) reported that 4% of bats in Gabon were positive for immunoglobulins to the Zaire ebolavirus. This seems to provide evidence of bats as carriers of Ebola viruses and as a source of Ebola infection. Furthermore, person-to-person transmission may also occur through direct contact with body fluids from the patients. The incubation period of Ebola virus disease is between 1 and 21 days. The signs and symptoms are acute fever, shivering, headache, and myalgia, followed by rashes, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.(1) Around half of the patients show signs of hemorrhage, such as hemorrhage of the nasal cavity, hematuria, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and vaginal hemorrhage in women. Wamala et al.(1) report that around 59% of patients who die from Ebola virus have hemorrhages. The case fatality rate of Zaire ebolavirus and  Sudan ebolavirus varies from 53%-90%.(1)    The outbreak occurring in the Bundibugyo district, Uganda, in August – December 2007 showed three successive transmission cycles. Each transmission cycle lasted  6  weeks, with an interval of 3-11 days, and was marked by a typical peaking of the outbreak, followed by a gradual decline.(1)    Frieden et al.(9) list three types of preventive interventions. The first is strict control of the infection in healthcare settings, because the greatest risk of transmission is not the obvious one from the patients, but from delayed detection and isolation. The second is education of local communities regarding habits that may spread the disease, and the third is to avoid consumption of raw meat of wild animals.    The Ebola virus outbreak constitutes a serious warning that epidemics may occur anywhere and places every afflicted nation at risk. Therefore it is essential to institute measures to stop its spread and its future threat, which is a moral obligation of members of the health profession, whether academicians, researchers, or health ministry officials.
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 regulates cell differentiation and proliferation in neuroblastoma Amallia N. Setyawati; Takehiko Kamijo
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.153-162

Abstract

BACKGROUNDNeuroblastoma  (NB)  is  one  of  the  most  common  extracranial  solid  tumorsoccurring in infancy and childhood with highly variable outcomes. Polycombgroup (PcG) proteins are epigenetic gene silencers. Enhancer of zeste homolog2 (EZH2) is a member of the polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2) group,with  the  main  function  to  catalyze  the  polycomb  repressor  complex  bymethylating lysine 9 and 27 of histone H3. This study aimed to investigate thebiological functionality of EZH2 in NB. METHODSThis was an experimental study with an analysis of correlation initially of theknown prognostic factors of NB patients’ outcomes, by comparing the expressionof v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma (MYCN) withthat of EZH2, on the basis of the patients’ overall and relapse free survivalrates. This was followed with a biological functional study to assess the role ofEZH2 expression in NB. RESULTSEZH2 knockdown induces neurite extension and differentiation marker growthassociated  protein  43  (GAP43)  in  NB  cells,  although  it  does  not  affect  cellcycle. By ectopic expression of EZH2, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) inducedneurite extension was suppressed and GAP43 was decreased. Overall, EZH2seems to have an important role in NB cell differentiation. Although EZH2 didnot alter cell proliferation, in the soft agar colony formation assay there was asignificant increase in total colony number and number of large colonies. CONCLUSIONOur  result  clarified  the  potential  role  of  EZH2  in  the  regulation  of  celldifferentiation and proliferation, which subsequently may play an importantrole in the poor prognosis of NB patients.
Quercetin reduce cardiomyocytes damage in type 2 diabetic rats Asri Hendrawati; Nadhir Nadhir
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.185-191

Abstract

BACKGROUNDDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases which are characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting in various complications. A major macrovascular complication of DM is cardiac failure due to cardiomyopathy. Hyperglycemiaincreases oxidative stress, so an oxidative-stress reducing therapeutic agent is required, e.g. the antioxidant quercetin. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of quercetin in reducing damage to cardiomyocytes of type 2 diabetic rats.METHODSThis research is an experimental study using 40 rats. With simple randomallocation, rats were divided into eight groups, then type 2 diabetes mellituswas induced using streptozotocin (5 rats per group). The test material wasquercetin given at doses of 5, 20 and 80 mg/kgBW/day orally for 4 weeks.Each single dose of quercetin was given in combination with glibenclamide 5mg/ kgBW/day. After 4 weeks the rats were decapitated and the cardiac tissuestaken to quantify the percentage of cell damage after hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE).RESULTSQuercetin at a dose of 80 mg/kgBW/day can lower cardiomyocyte damagebetter than quercetin at doses of 5 or 20 mg/kgBW/day. A combination ofquercetin and glibenclamide can significantly lower levels of cardiomyocytedamage better than quercetin without glibenclamide (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONQuercetin at a dose of 80 mg/kgBW/day with or without glibenclamide canlower damage to cardiomyocytes of type 2 diabetic rats. Thus quercetin mightserve as a valuable protective agent in cardiovascular inflammatory diseasesin diabetic rats.

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