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Paediatrica Indonesiana
Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia
ISSN : 00309311     EISSN : 2338476X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 13 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 63 No. 6 (2023): November 2023" : 13 Documents clear
Scrofuloderma in a 1-year-old girl with severe malnutrition: a case report Jasin, Madeleine Ramdhani; Neldy, Fahreza Aditya; Setyanto, Darmawan Budi; Nugroho, Gufron; Sunhaji, Valerie; Ham, Maria Francisca
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 63 No. 6 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi63.6.2023.511-6

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global burden and a leading cause of mortality due to infectious diseases worldwide. In 2020, 845,000 new TB cases (312 per 100,000 population) were diagnosed, with 96,000 deaths, including 4,700 deaths of TB with HIV. Tuberculosis typically affects the lungs, but it can also affect other organs, a condition termed extrapulmonary TB. In 2020, 16% of all TB cases had extrapulmonary manifestations.1 The first case of TB affecting the skin was reported in 1826.2,3 There are many types of cutaneous TB; one of the most common is scrofuloderma, more often found in children and young adults.4 Scrofuloderma starts with a lesion in a lymph node, bone, muscle, or tendon that spreads to the skin.5 The lesion progresses very slowly and is usually not painful. Therefore, many patients wait to seek treatment until an advanced stage, leading to poor prognosis.3 In this report, we present a case of a severely malnourished one-year-old girl with scrofuloderma.
Recurrent impending thyroid storm in a girl with Graves’ disease: a case report Novina, Novina; Putri, Nisa Hermina; Pramudani, Nadia; Faisal, Faisal
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 63 No. 6 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi63.6.2023.517-20

Abstract

Thyroid storm is an acute, life-threatening, hypermetabolic state in children with thyrotoxicosis. Before the thyroid storm occurs, the patient falls into a “warning stage” called impending thyroid storm. Rapid diagnosis and prompt treatment of an impending thyroid storm are crucial to prevent further life-threatening impacts. We describe a pediatric patient who experienced two episodes of impending thyroid storm with negative COVID-19 tests during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Overweight and menstrual disorders in girls aged 12-15 years Purba, Siska Octaviani; Arto, Karina Sugih; Saragih, Rina Amalia C.
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 63 No. 6 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi63.6.2023.499-505

Abstract

Background Several studies have noted a strong association between fat distribution and menstrual disorders. Many studies have evaluated the association between nutritional status and menstrual disorders, but the results remain inconclusive. Objective To assess for possible associations between overweight and menstrual disorders in girls aged 12-15 years. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in girls aged 12-15 years who had undergone menarche. Nutritional status was classified based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention curve for body mass index (BMI) as overweight (P85-P95) and normal weight (P3-<P85); those underweight (<P3) were excluded. We recorded the subjects’ BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist circumference-to-height ratio (WtHR), menstrual pain (using the visual analog scale), menstrual cycle length, menstrual period duration, and bleeding volume (estimated by the daily number of menstrual pads used) and compared these variables between normal weight and overweight subjects. Results Of 73 subjects, 32.9% were overweight and 67.1% had normal weight. There were significant associations between overweight and menstrual disorders (prevalence ratio, PR=1.304; P=0.027), irregular menstrual cycle (PR=4.696; P<0.001), abnormal menstrual period duration (PR=2.45; P<0.001), and excessive bleeding volume (PR=9.528; P<0.001). No significant association was found between overweight and menstrual pain (P=0.227). BMI, WC, and WtHR were significantly higher in girls with irregularity and abnormal duration of menstrual cycles, but not in girls with excessive menstrual pain. Conclusion Overweight is significantly associated with menstrual disorders, irregular menstrual cycle, abnormal menstrual period duration, and abnormal volume of menstrual loss, but not with menstrual pain.
Analysis of serum vitamin C and nitric oxide in children with septic shock Yunarto, Yuliana; Ratih, Dewi; Wistiani, Wistiani
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 63 No. 6 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi63.6.2023.425-32

Abstract

Background Imbalance of oxidants and antioxidants contributes to the sepsis process. Nitric oxide (NO) is an oxidant produced abundantly during sepsis and plays key role in the pathogenesis of hypotension in septic shock. Vitamin C functions as a potent antioxidant to scavenge free radicals, reduce endothelial permeability, cellular apoptosis, and endogenous vasopressor synthesis cofactor. Vitamin C prevents excessive production of NO by suppressing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Objective To analyze for a possible correlation between serum vitamin C and NO levels in children with septic shock. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 40 children with septic shock aged 1 month - 18 years were consecutively recruited. Serum vitamin C and serum NO levels were measured using colorimetric assay kits. Results Of 40 children with septic shock, 21 (52.5%) were male, 21 (52.5%) were undernourished, 25 (62.5%) were on mechanical ventilators, and 10 (25%) required more than one vasoactive agent. Blood gas analysis revealed acidosis in 31 (77.5%) children. Subjects’ median age was 20 months (2-214 months). Mean serum vitamin C level was 7.35 (SD 2.723) µg/mL and mean serum NO was 47.25 (SD 19.278) µmol/L. There was no significant correlation between serum vitamin C levels and serum NO in children with septic shock (r=0.056; P=0.732). Conclusion Serum vitamin C levels and serum NO has no correlation in children with septic shock.
Interleukin-6 and disease activity in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus Satria, Cahya Dewi; Kurniati, Nia; Muktiarti, Dina
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 63 No. 6 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi63.6.2023.456-63

Abstract

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex disease with various manifestations. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with a wide range of biological activities which plays an important role in immune regulation and inflammation. Serum level of IL-6 may be used as a parameter of disease activity, especially in pediatric SLE patients with mild disease activity or total remission with conflicting clinical manifestations and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores. Objective To identify the characteristics of serum IL-6 concentration in pediatric SLE with mild disease activities and total remission. Methods This case-control study was performed at the allergy-immunology outpatient clinic, Department of Child Health Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta and Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. Serum IL-6 concentration and disease activity were assessed in all pediatric SLE patients aged 1-18 years old. Disease activity was assessed with SLEDAI scores and serum level of IL-6 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Among 60 subjects included in this study, 30 subjects with mild activities were in the case group and 30 subjects with total remissions were in the control group. There was no difference in serum IL-6 concentration between the case and control group (OR 0.483; 95%CI 0.041to 5.628; P=0.500). In this study, 2 subjects with urinary tract infection had high serum IL-6 concentrations. Conclusion There is no difference in serum IL-6 concentration between pediatric SLE patients with mild disease activities compared to total remissions.
Determinants of rheumatic heart disease: findings from qualitative research approach Ajeng, Rudy Ngau; Rahman, Mohammod Mizanur; Said, Asri Bin; Adenan, Abang Safuan Bin; Ameenudeen, Mohamed; Kim Choo, Greta Miranda Goh; Siddiq, Muhammad; Gahamat, Mohamed Faiz
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 63 No. 6 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi63.6.2023.483-91

Abstract

Background Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is an autoimmune heart disease following unresolved or untreated Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF), which results in irreversible valve damage and heart failure. Strategies for managing RHD could be planned to understand the disease determinants in local settings. Objective To explore the determinants of RHD among the family with an RHD case. Methods The study was a qualitative design using a grounded theory approach after in-depth interviews with respondents from families with RHD patients. Analysis was conducted after the scripts were finalized. Initial, intermediate, and advanced codings were performed. Ten respondents agreed to participate and completed the qualitative data collection process. Results The analysis yielded two theme categories of what could have led to RHD among respondents due to internal and external causes. Internal causes were considered factors that could be managed or manipulated to improve an individual and family’s capacity. In contrast, external causes were considered factors that could not be managed or manipulated to improve an individual’s capacity or family. Therefore, these factors were considered beyond their control. Conclusion This study explored RHD determinants according to the patients’ and their families’ perspectives. A holistic approach can be applied to managing RHD by considering these factors.
Risk factors of acute kidney injury in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia with hyperleukocytosis Kinanti, Rengganis Ayu; Palupi-Baroto, Retno; Sutaryo, Sutaryo
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 63 No. 6 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi63.6.2023.433-42

Abstract

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) can be found in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients with hyperleukocytosis. Acute kidney Injury (AKI) increases hospital length of stay and mortality. Previous studies have only reported the AKI incidence in ALL patients with hyperleukocytosis, without clarifying risk factors attributed to AKI incidence. Objective To determine the risk factors of AKI in pediatric ALL patients with hyperleukocytosis. Methods A case-control study was conducted in children aged 1-18 years admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital (RSUP Dr. Sardjito), Yogyakarta, Central Java Total population sampling of pediatric ALL patients with hyperleukocytosis and AKI was used for the case group, and a simple random sampling ratio of 1:2 was used for the control group. Cut-off values for each independent variable were determined by receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed on potential risk factors. Results Fourteen pediatric ALL patients with hyperleukocytosis and AKI were included in the case group and 28 children with ALL and hyperleukocytosis but without AKI were included in the control group. The incidence of AKI in children with ALL and hyperleukocytosis was 15.4%. Multivariate analysis revealed that the significant risk factors of AKI in ALL patients with hyperleukocytosis were phosphate concentration ?5.15 mg/L (OR 10.43; 95%CI 1.38 to 79.04; P=0.02) and uric acid concentration ?9.08 mg/dL (OR 12.39; 95%CI 1.88 to 81.44; P=0.009). Conclusion Phosphate concentration ?5.15 mg/L and uric acid ?9.08 mg/dL were risk factors of AKI in pediatric ALL patients with hyperleukocytosis.
Zinc supplementation in preterm infants and growth indicators in a developing country Kaban, Risma Kerina; Azis, Henri; Prawitasari, Titis; Kautsar, Ahmad; Lusyati, Setya Dewi; Insani, Nadia Dwi
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 63 No. 6 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi63.6.2023.443-9

Abstract

Background Zinc is one of the micronutrients that is found deficient in preterm infants. To date, no parenteral zinc supplements are available in Indonesia and there is no recommendation established for routine zinc supplementation in preterm infants. Objective To evaluate the impact of zinc supplementation on growth indicators and morbidity in preterm infants. Methods This double-blind, randomized controlled trial included preterm infants aged 28-32 weeks who were assigned to one of two groups: the first group received a 10 mg zinc supplementation, while the second (control) group received a placebo. At discharge or at a maximum of 40 weeks post-menstrual age (PMA, calculated from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period), the following were evaluated : growth indicators (weight, length, and head circumference), serum zinc level, zinc supplementation side effects, and morbidity rate (intraventricular hemorrhage/IVH, necrotizing enterocolitis/NEC, btonchopulmonary dysplasia/BPD). Data were analyzed with independent T-test using SPSS version 22 software. Results Seventy-eight subjects were assigned to the zinc supplementation group and 76 subjects were assigned to the placebo group. Serum zinc level and mean body weight increment were significantly higher in the zinc group compared to the placebo group (P=0.00 and P=0.02, respectively). There were no significant differences between groups in mean body length or head circumference increment, nor in morbidity rate. Conclusion Preterm infants who received zinc supplementation have higher serum zinc level and mean body weight increment compared to the placebo group. No side effects are observed to have been caused by zinc supplementation.
A descriptive study of smoking behavior in school-aged children in Indonesia: Analysis of the 2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey Ayuningrum, Ika Yuli; Sudaryanto, Wahyu Tri
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 63 No. 6 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi63.6.2023.506-10

Abstract

Background Adolescents face high pressure to participate in smoking behavior. The impact of smoking will not only affect the health of children and adolescents today, but also their later health status in adulthood. Children who start smoking at a young age are at higher risk of nicotine addiction than those who start in adulthood. Over time, this condition leads to continued cigarette consumption with age. Objective To describe smoking behavior in school-aged children in Indonesia. Methods This was a descriptive study using secondary data from The 2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in Indonesia. A sample of 7,582 school-aged children (13-15 years) was selected for this study. The study variables were age, sex, spending money, smoking status, age when they first started smoking, number of days of smoking within the last 30 days, average number of cigarettes per day, electric cigarette use, accessibility to electric cigarettes, and information source on electric cigarettes. Results The largest age group in this study was 14 years old (18.21%). Most subjects were female (57.49%). One-third (2,546 children; 33.57%) of the children have tried or experimented with cigarette smoking. Out of those, 722 children (9.52%) started smoking at the age of 12-13 years and 468 children (6.17%) consumed an average of 1 cigarette per day. Two-thirds of the children were already familiar with e-cigarettes (n=6,061 or 79.94%). The e-cigarettes were obtained from other people (8.16%) and information on e-cigarettes were mostly obtained from peers (8.19%). Conclusion a third of school-aged children in Indonesia have tried or experimented with cigarette smoking. Most of the information on cigarette smoking come from their peers.
Disease-related malnutrition in children and role of oral nutrition supplement: - Sidiartha, I Gusti Lanang; Pratiwi, I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka; Subanada, Ida Bagus
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 63 No. 6 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi63.6.2023.450-5

Abstract

Background Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) is a common complication in chronic diseases. An oral nutrition supplement (ONS) is a formula with high energy density which is commonly used to treat malnutrition. Objective To identify the prevalence of DRM in children with chronic disease and evaluate the benefits of ONS. Methods A retrospective study was conducted at Prof. IGNG Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali. Data were collected from medical records of patients who were admitted from January to December 2021. Inclusion criteria were patients aged 1-18 years with chronic diseases. Patients with organomegaly, edema, and incomplete medical record data were excluded. Disease-related malnutrition was defined as weight-for-height (for < 5 years of age) or BMI-for-age < -2SD (for > 5 years of age), according to the WHO growth charts. Subjects who received ONS for more than 80% of total energy during hospitalization were classified as part of the ONS group and the rest as standard group. Several variables between ONS and standard group were analyzed and considered significant if P value < 0.05. Results Of 313 subjects with chronic disease, 139 (44.4%) were diagnosed with DRM. Among of 139 subjects with DRM, a total of 64 subjects were analyzed in the ONS and standard feeding groups. No significant difference was found between groups with regards to age, gender, weight, height, white blood cell count, and lymphocyte cell count. Subjects with severe malnutrition significantly more classified as an ONS group than subjects with moderate malnutrition (P=0.001). Mean length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the ONS group [11.8 (SD 6.7) days] than in the standard group [16.1 (SD 6.6) days]; (P=0.012). Conclusion Malnutrition related to chronic disease in children is prevalent. Use of ONS is associated with a shorter length of hospital stay. Thus, routine nutritional status assessment to identify malnutrition in children with chronic disease is needed to treat with ONS in order to improve prognoses.

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