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Paediatrica Indonesiana
ISSN : 00309311     EISSN : 2338476X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,127 Documents
Antibiotic Therapy for Invasive Bacterial Diarrhea Rudi Ismail; Achiriul Bakri; Mohammad Nazir; Ryanto Haridawati
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 34 No 1-2 (1994): January - February 1994
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (971.208 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi34.1-2.1994.26-37

Abstract

To evaluate the effectiveness of the standard practice of antibiotic prescribing in diarrheal diseases (DD) at Palembang General Hospital, we performed this single blind clinical trial. Subjects were children with DD, without E. histolytica.. or G. Iamblia in their stool, 6 to 59 months of age, seen at the OPD from May 20, 1991 until March 31, 1992. Antibiotic treatment (AT) was given to the treated group (n=289), and was withheld from the control group (n=298). The effectiveness of antibiotic treatment was measured by rate of reconsultation, need for subsequent AT, duration of diarrhea, vomiting, and fever as measured by home visitors. The treated group has a significantly shorter duration of diarrhea and a significant difference in the need for additional AT. Subjects whose diarrhea persist more than 7 days were significant statistically only in bloody diarrhea and in subjects whose fecal leukocytes were more than 9 per high power field. Profuse diarrhea and mother's anxiety were the main reasons for further consultation, which were strikingly greater in control than in treated group. Mothers seeked reconsultation 12.5 times more often for bloody diarrhea and 19.5 times for mucoid diarrhea plus fever. This study reconfirmed that AT in DD shortens the duration of diarrhea, diminishes the rate of reconsultation, and need for subsequent antibiotics in bloody and mucoid diarrhea.
Association between Acid-Base Balance and Asphyxia in Newborn Infants Sari Leyli Harahap; Chairul Adillah Harahap; Sri Sulastri; Chairul Yoel; Noersida Raid
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 34 No 1-2 (1994): January - February 1994
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (421.241 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi34.1-2.1994.38-43

Abstract

We performed a prospective study on the association between acid-base balance and asphyxta based on Apgar scores in 45 newborn babies admitted to the Division of Perinatology, Pirngadi Hospital, Medan, from January 1 to February 28, 1993. Blood gas analysis was done on blood obtained from umbilical artery. Based on 1st and 5th minutes Apgar scores, 40 (88.9%) and 21 babies (46.7%}, respectively, had asphyxia. Relation to acid-base balance was determined with the sensitivity of the 5th minute Apgar score in predicting acidotic states. It was found that Apgar score had sensitivity of 57.7% and specificity of 68.4% in predicting the acidotic states. Apgar score of > 7 was unable to. exclude the possible acidosis in 45% of cases (negative predictive value 54.1%). Gestational age had no influence on Apgar Scores. Apgar score was more sensitive to eliminate suspected acidosis in term neonates than in preterms. We recommend to perform umbilical arterial blood gas analysis to determine acidotic state in high risk newborn infants.
Blood Gas Analysis in Neonatal Tetanus Taslim S. Soetomenggolo; Dwi Putro Widodo; Jimmy Passat; Sofyan Ismael
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 34 No 1-2 (1994): January - February 1994
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (313.487 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi34.1-2.1994.44-7

Abstract

We reviewed the results of arterial blood gas analysis in 127 patients with neonatal tetanus on admission, and in 52 of such patients on the day before they died. All patients were hospitalized at the Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. On admission, most patients showed uncompensated metabolic acidosis. The mortality of patients wjth pH ofless than 7 was 100%. There was no significant difference between the mortality of patients with pH 7.35-7.45 and those with pH of less than 7.35. Analysis of acid-base balance indicated that ventilatory fw1ure was the most common finding in 52 patients who subsequently died. We recommend using intravenous fluid containing a combination of 5% dextrose and sodium bicarbonate with 4 : 1 (vol/vol) ratio from the fust day of hospitalization to reduce the possibility of the development of ongoing metabolic acidosis in patients with neonatal tetanus. Maintaining adequate ventilation is mandatory ln such patients.
Risk Factors for Nosocomial Infections in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Ingrid Rita Sitomorang; Herry Garna
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 34 No 1-2 (1994): January - February 1994
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (759.979 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi34.1-2.1994.48-56

Abstract

We report our study to determine factors associated with increased nosocomial infections in neonates hospitalized in NJCU, from January until December, 1992. A total number of 116 infants were studied, 68 (58.6%) of them were male, and 101 (87 .1 %) were less than 6 days old. Forty six infants (39.8%) had a birth weight of< 1500 g, 27 (23.3%) between 1500-1999 g, 14 (12.1%) between 2000-2499 g, 27 (23.2%) >2500 g, and 2 (1.7%) were unknown. A total number of64 infants (55.2%) had more than 1 infections, yielding 103 episodes of infection, giving an incidence of 88.8% infection rate. The significant risk factor for nosocomial infections was length of hospital stay. Age, birth weight, gestational age, APGAR scores, use of nasogastric tube or intravenous line, were not statistically significant risk factors. Use of nasogastric tube was associated with increased nosocomial gastroenteritis, compared with use of intravenous lines.
Diabetes Insipidus in A 8-Year Old Balinese Boy AAN Prayoga; IN Westra; Sudaryat Suraatmadja
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 34 No 1-2 (1994): January - February 1994
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (474.537 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi34.1-2.1994.57-61

Abstract

We report a case of diabetes insipidus in a 8 years old Balinese boy. The diagnosis was based on clinical features, laboratory findings, and a good result to chlorpropamide therapy. Common differential diagnoses, i.e., were hypercalcemia, potassium deficiency, psychogenic polydipsia, and diabetes mellitus, could be excluded. The treatment of first choice for diabetes mellitus is desmopressin acetate; however, since the drug was not available, we gave chlorpropamide instead. The patient responded well to 125 mg of clorpropamide twice daily.
Food Hypersensitivity as a Cause of Atopic Dermatitis Hendra Santoso
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 34 No 5-6 (1994): May - June 1994
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (602.687 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi34.5-6.1994.129-35

Abstract

Thirty children from infancy to 12 years suffering from atopic dermatitis were evaluated for food hypersensitivity by means of history, skin prick test, total eosinophils count, and elimination of suspected food. Sixteen (53%) patients had history of allergy to suspected food, the other 16 (53%) had ether allergic diseases. Of the 30 patients, 15 (50%) had one of the parents with allergic diseases, and in 3 patients both parents suffered from a1Iergic diseases. Nineteen (6:3-1.) children had atopic dermatitis triggered by food; egg accounted for 400/o, fish for 53-lo and shrimp for 40% for the allergic manifestations. Skin prick test consisted of 20 food allergens was done to all children above 2 years of age, 12 (40%) of the pa1ients showed positive results. This study demonstrated that food hypersensitivity may play a pathogenic role in some children with atopic dermatitis. Appropriate diagnosis and restriction of diet can improve their skin symptoms.
Evaluation of Mortality of Patients with Neonatal Tetanus Taslim S. Soetomenggolo; Hardiono D. Pusponegoro; Jimmy Passat; Sofyan Ismael
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 34 No 5-6 (1994): May - June 1994
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (493.291 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi34.5-6.1994.136-40

Abstract

During 8 years, 405 patients of neonatal tetanus were hospitalized in the Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Diagnosis of neonatal tetanus was based on clinical signs and symptoms. Of the 405 patients, 56.3% were males and 43.7 %. were females. Two hundreds and sixty nine (66.3 %) patients were delivered by traditional birth attendants, and only 33.6% were delivered by midwives or physicians. The overall mortality was 54.4%, with the corrected mortality of 46.7%. Severity of the disease, short incubation period, short period of onset, and the accompanying diseases were responsible for the high mortality of patients with neonatal tetanus.
Diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever: Which Modification? Bambang Madiyono; Sudigdo Sastroasmoro; Ismet N. Oesman; Sukman Tulus Putra; Najib Advani
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 34 No 5-6 (1994): May - June 1994
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (984.836 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi34.5-6.1994.141-8

Abstract

We evaluated the implementation of diagnostic criteria on 547 ambulatory patients with rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) between January 1, 1983 and December 31, 1992. The diagnosis of RF and reactive RHD was established by either revised Jones criteria, modified Jones criteria, or clinical judgment The patient's age ranged from 4-18 years, 255 (46.6%) of them were boys. The clinical manifestations found were fever (58.1 %), arthritis (41.9%), chorea (8.6%), subcutaneous nodule (1.3%), erythema marginatum (1.1%), holosystolic murmur (56.9%), mid-diastolic murmur (25.4%), and early diastolic murmur (29.5%). The laboratory changes were hemoglobin <10 g/dl (16.5%), BSR > 20 mm/h (56.30/o), ASTO >200 U (29.6%), PR interval> 0.16 sec (13.3%), and erR> 0.55 (27.6%). Revised Jones criteria were met in 162 cases (29%), modified criteria in 474 cases (86,6%), and clinical judgment in 521 cases (95.2%).
Parents' Knowledge on Diarrhea in a Plantation Area Arizal Arizal; Ali Antoni; Sari Leyli Harahap; Atan Baas Sinuhaji; A. H. Sutanto
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 34 No 5-6 (1994): May - June 1994
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (404.244 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi34.5-6.1994.149-53

Abstract

The parents' knowledge on diarrhea was evaluated by a cross sectional study in Balirnbingan plantation PTP Vlll Kabupaten Simalungunon December 18-19, 1992. The study was conducted by providing questionnaires to 216 parents of infants and children with diarrhea. Most parents (97.2%) knew that diarrhea was a disease, wbile six of them (2.SOA>) thought that diarrhea was not a disease but was associated with the increase level of intelligence or teeth eruption. Seventy-five percent of parents thought that fluid and electrolyte ought to be given to children with diarrhea, and 16.5 % thought to give anti-diarrheal drugs or traditional medicaments. Fluid and electrolytes were given as an initial treatment for diarrhea by most of the parents (69%). Eight per cent of parents gave diarrheal drugs and 12% used traditional medicaments. They got oral electrolyte solution (OES) from the health workers (63.3%) or from the dispensaries or drug stores (36.7%). Most of the parents (53.7%) thought that OES was useful to stop diarrhea. Only 30.3% knew that OES was used as the substitute of fluid loss, 16% thought it was to cure for stomach ache. As many as 57.4% parents knew diarrhea as an infectious disease and 57.4 % knew how to prevent it. Most of them knew that environmental sanitation could prevent the disease (23.3%). Food and beverages were known as vehicle of infections by 37.5% parents.
Blood Pressure Values in School Age Children in Medan T. M. Thaib; Hisworo Multi Alam; Agusnadi Munar Lubis; Rafita Ramayati; Rusdidjas Rusdidjas
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 34 No 5-6 (1994): May - June 1994
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (600.289 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi34.5-6.1994.154-63

Abstract

A cross sectional study on blood pressure in school children aged 6 to 16 years was carried out in the city of Medan from November 1 through January 31, 1993. By using stratified random sampling, 660 school children (336 boys and 324 girls) were enrolled. Blood pressure was measured using standard sphygmomanometer as recommended by The Second International Symposium on Hypertension in Children (1985). Relationships between the mean values of systolic and diastolic pressures with age and sex were sought for. There was a tendency that both systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased with increasing age. Based on percentile's graphic for age and sex, blood pressure higher than 95th percentile was found in 15 boys (4.5%) and 15 girls (4.6%) and 70% of them were in 11-16 years age group. Statistically significant correlations were found (p<0.001) between blood pressures and height as well as weight; however the correlation coefficients were only weak to moderate.

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