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Paediatrica Indonesiana
Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia
ISSN : 00309311     EISSN : 2338476X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,127 Documents
 113   114   115   116   117 
Identification of emotional and behavior problems in obese children using Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and 17-items Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-17) Dwi Fachri Harahap; Damayanti Rusli Sjarif; Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko; Dwi Putro Widodo; Mayke Sugianto Tedjasaputra
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 50 No 1 (2010): January 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (334.022 KB)

Abstract

Background Obesity can result in emotional and behavior problems in school-age children. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is a standard instrument for evaluating behavior problems, however it is considered not practical. The 17-item Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-17) is a more simple instrument but its diagnostic value has never been evaluated in obese children.Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic value of PSC-17 compared to CBCL as the gold standard.Methods This cross-sectional study was done in May - June 2009. Children aged 6-12 years with obesity were included. Parents filled the CBCL and PSC-17 questionnaires. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios were calculated for PSC-17.Results Most subjects aged 6-9 years (83%). Boys out numbered girls. Emotional and behavior problems detected by CBCL and PSC-17 were identified in 28% and 22% subjects, respectively. The most common problem was internalization (withdrawal, somatic complaints, anxiety/depression). The PSC-17 had sensitivity and specificity of 69.2% and 95.6% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 85.7% and 89%, whereas positive and negative likelihood ratios were 15.7 and 0.32.Conclusions The prevalence of emotional and behavior problems detected using CBCL and PSC-17 in obese children was 28% and 22%, respectively. The PSC-17 has moderate sensitivity to screen emotional and behavior problem in obese children.[Paediatr Indones. 2010;50:42-8].
Probiotic Weisella paramesenteroides on enteropathogenic E. coli-induced diarrhea Aslinar Aslinar; Yusri Dianne Jurnalis; Endang Purwati; Yorva Sayoeti
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 1 (2014): January 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (155.867 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi54.1.2014.1-8

Abstract

Background Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a causative agent of intestinal inflammation and microfloral imbalance, leading to diarrhea. The presence of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the feces is an indicator of inflammation in the intestinal mucosa. Dadih, (local made of fermented buffalo milk), contains probiotics and is widely consumed by the people in West Sumatera, Indonesia. Weisella paramesenteroides, a probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB), has been isolated from dadih and is believed to be useful for improving intestinal microflora balance and inhibiting the activity of harmful microbes. Objective To determine the efficacy of W. paramesenteroides administration in various doses and durations on bowel frequency, stool’s TNF-α levels, and intestinal microflora balance on mice with EPEC-induced diarrhea. Method This randomized experimental animal study examined two factors relating to the effects of W. paramesenteroides on EPEC-induced diarrhea, namely doses of probiotics (factor A), and durations of observation (factor B). The subjects consisted of 100 male white mice (Mus musculus) aged 8 weeks, with weights of 25-30 grams. The outcomes measured were bowel frequency, stool’s TNF-α levels, and the balance of intestinal microflora on mice with EPEC-induced diarrhea. Subjects were divided into 5 groups: the negative control group (received neither EPEC nor probiotic), positive control group (received only EPEC), and three experimental groups (received EPEC and different doses of W. paramesenteroides ). Probiotics were given twice at the 12-hours and 24-hours for the experimental groups, while the durations of observation conssited of baseline, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours. Results After 36 hours, subjects with EPEC-induced diarrhea who received W. Paramesenteroides administration in doses of 2 x 108 (A3), were found to have the largest decline of mean defecation (a 4.4-fold decline) and the largest decline of stool’s mean TNF-α levels (48.3 pg/mL), compared to the positive control group, and other experimental groups who received higher doses of probiotics.
Efficacy of mebendazole and levamisole, alone or in combination, for soil-transmitted helminthiasis Ifo Faujiah Sihite; Muhammad Ali; Ayodhia P. Pasaribu; Syahril Pasaribu; Chairuddin P. Lubis
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 1 (2014): January 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (113.465 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi54.1.2014.9-14

Abstract

BackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) recommends four, single-dose drugs (albendazole, levamisole, mebendazole, and pyrantel pamoate) for management of soil­transmitted helminthiasis (STH). Previous studies have shown varied and inconsistent outcomes of these STH treatments.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of mebendazole and levami­sole, alone or in combination, for the treatment of STH.MethodsAn open randomized controlled trial was conducted in Secanggang, North Sumatera from August to October 2009. School-aged children with STH infection were randomized into three groups. Group I received a single dose of mebendazole (500 mg); group II received a single dose of levamisole (2.5 mg/kg); and group III received a single dose of mebendazole-levamisole combined. Stool samples were collected at baseline, and the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks after treatment and examined by the Kato-Katz technique. Statistical analyses were Kruskal-Wallis test for cure rate and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test for egg reduction rate. ResultsSTH was diagnosed in 197 children with the following parasite species: Ascariasis (96 children, 48.7%), Trichuriasis (58 children, 29.4%), and mixed infection (43 children, 21.8%). We found no hookworm infection in any of our subjects. Groups I and III had significantly higher efficacy (P=0.0001) against STH (egg reduction rate 99.3% and 99.9%; cure rate 92.2% and 98.4%, respectively) at 4th week of treatment.ConclusionA single dose of mebendazole alone and combined with levamisole have better efficacy compared to a single dose of levamisole for the treatment of STH. The highest efficacy of these treatments is noted at the 4th week after drug administration
Exposure to cow’s milk as a prognostic factor for atopic dermatitis during the first three months of life Putu Ayu Widyanti; Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati; Endy P. Prawirohartono
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 1 (2014): January 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (119.023 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi54.1.2014.28-34

Abstract

Background The incidence of atopic dermatitis has increased inthe early life of children. Cow's milk, the first foreign protein towhich infants are exposed, is predicted to be a prognostic factorof atopic dermatitis.Objective To determine if exposure to cow's milk is a prognosticfactor for atopic dermatitis during the first three months oflife.Methods We performed a cohort study involving 136 newbornsfrom families with and without histories of atopy in SanglahHospital, Denpasar, between April to August 20 12. Subjects wereallocated into 2 groups, those who were exposed to cow's milk(n=68) and not exposed to cow's milk (n=68). We analyzedthe impact of several possible prognostic variables on atopicdermatitis at 3 months of age including exposure to cow's milk,birth weight, sex, gestational age, exposure to cigarette smoke,early solid feeding, and history of atopy in the mother, the father,or both, as well as maternal consumption of chicken eggs whennursing. Data were analyzed with Cox's proportional hazardfunction. The cumulative incidence and incidence rate in eachgroup were calculated.Results Exposure to cow's milk in the first 3 months of liferesulted in a cumulative incidence of atopic dermatitis of 17 .6%,with an incidence rate of atopic dermatitis of 54.5%. However,multivariate analysis showed that cow's milk exposure was nota significant prognostic factor for atopic dermatitis (HR 1.3 7;95%CI 0.22 to 8.43).Conclusion Cow's milk exposure is not a prognostic factor ofatopic dermatitis during the first three months of life
Artesunate-amodiaquine versus artesunatesulfadoxine- pyrimethamine for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in children Novie H. Rampengan; Jane Metusala; Ronald Chandra; Praevilia Salendu
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 1 (2014): January 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (114.449 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi54.1.2014.46-51

Abstract

Background Malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortalityin children, especially in developing countries. Art emisinincombination therapy (ACT) has higher rates of parasite clearanceand inhibition of anti-malarial drugs resistance than non-ACT.Hence, we compared the efficacies of artesunate-amodiaquine(AS-AQ) versus artesunate-sulfadoxine pyrimethamine (AS-SP)combination therapies in children with uncomplicated falciparummalaria.Objective To compare the fever clearance time, parasite clearancetime, and length of hospital stay in uncomplicated falciparummalaria patients treated with AS-AQ and AS-SP.Methods We reviewed the medical records of children aged 1- 14years with uncomplicated falciparum malaria admitted to Prof.Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital between January 2002 - June 2010.Treatment efficacy was evaluated by fever clearance time, parasiteclearan ce time, and length of hospital stay. The differencesof treatment efficacy between the two groups of therapy werean alyzed by independent T test.Results We identified 185 children with uncomplicatedfalciparum malaria, 104 cases were treated with AS-AQ whilethe other 81 received AS-SP. Parasite clearance time was shorterin AS-AQ group than in AS-SP group at 1.38 (SD 0.69) versus1.91 (SD 0.93) days, respectively (95%CI of differences 0.3 0 to0. 76, P<0.05) . The length of hospital stay was shorterin AS-AQgroup than in the AS-SP group, at 5.01 (SD 1.22) versus 6.04(SD 0.98) days, respectively (95%CI of differences 0. 71 to 1.35,P < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant differencein fever clearance time between the groups.Conclusion AS-AQ combination therapy reduces parasiteclearance time and length of hospital stay compared to AS-SP46 • Paediatrlndones, Vol. 54, No. 1, January 2014combination therapy in children with uncomplicated falciparummalaria.
Soil-transmitted helminth infection and skin prick test reactivity in children Schenny Regina Lubis; Lily lrsa; Rita Evalina; Supriatmo Supriatmo; M. Sjabaroeddin
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 1 (2014): January 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (108.629 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi54.1.2014.52-6

Abstract

Background Allergic diseases cause an increasingly largeburden in developed countries and in urban areas of middleincomecountries . Paras itic infections may induce allergicresponses in humans, particularly soil-transmitted helminth(STH) infections that are prevalent in childhood in developingcountries. Although soil-transmitted helminth infec tions havebeen associated with lower prevalence of allergen skin testreactivity, study outcomes remain inconclusive.Objective To analyze for an association between STH infectionsand skin prick test reactivity in children.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in August 2009among primary school students aged 7- 12 years, at SecanggangSubdistrict, Langkat District, North Sumatera Province. Sixtyeight children were recruited in this study consisted of 34 childrenwith STH infections and the other 34 children without any STHinfection. Soil-transmitted helminth infections were determinedby Kato-Katz stool examination s. All subjects underwent skinprick tests for seven allergens. Results were con sidered to bepositive if wheal diameters 2: 3 mm and negative when whealdiameters < 3 mm. Data was an alysed by Chi-square test.Results Stool examinations revealed that the most commoninfec tion was T. trichiura (18/34 subjects), followed by mixedinfections (T. trichiura and A lumbricoides; 12/34 subjects), andA. lumbricoides (4134 subjects). There was a significant associationbetween STH infections and negative skin prick test (P= 0.002).In addition, there were significant associations with negative skinprick tests for each helminth type: A. lumbricoides (P=0.001) ,T. trichiura (P=0.01) and mixed infection (P = 0.006). Severeinfection intensity was also significantly associated with negativeskin prick tests (P=0.031) .Conclusion Children with STH infections tend to have negativeskin prick test results.
Relationship between small for gestational age and aortic intima-media thickness in newborns Ahmad Bayu Alfarizi; Ria Nova; Julniar Mawardi Tasli; Theodorus Theodorus
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 1 (2014): January 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (108.777 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi54.1.2014.57-61

Abstract

Background Small for gestational age (SGA) has been associatedwith adult cardiovascular disease. Small for gestational agenewborns may undergo early aortic wall intima-media thickening(aIMT) in utero.Objective To determine the relationship between SGA as a riskfactor for increased aIMT, as a sign of atherosclerosis onset.Methods We conducted a case-control study in the Neonatal Wardand Rooming-in Nursery at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital,Palembang, between April to June 2012. Subjects were allocatedto either the case group (aIMT 2: 0.9 mm) or to the controlgroup (aIMT <0.9 mm). Newborns were classified as SGA iftheir birthweight (BW) was < l O'h percentile, and appropriatefor gestational age (AGA) if their BW was between lQth - 90'hpercentile, according to the Lubchenco curve. Abdominal aorticintima-media thickness was measured by echocardiographyexamination.Results The case and control groups consisted of 30 n ewbornseach. The proportion of SGA newborns was higher in the casegroup than the control group. The likelihood of infants in the casegroup being SGA was significantly higher compared to the controlgroup, with odds ratio of 10.8 (95%CI 3,26 to 35, 72) . The meanaIMT was significantly higher in SGA than in AGA infants, 0.9(SD 0.16) mm vs. 0.8 (SD 0.13) mm, respectively, with a meandifference of 0, 13 (9 5% CI 0, 050 to 0,209 mm; P"" 0,02).Conclusion Increased aIMT is more likely found in SGA newborns.
Correlation of renal volume to renal function and blood pressures in low birth weight children Ekawaty Larope; Adrian Umboh; Rocky Wilar
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 2 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (137.959 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi54.2.2014.73-6

Abstract

Background Disruption of nephrogenesis in low birth weight(LBW) infant leads to decreases in nephron number andrenal volume, resulting in renal hyperfunction and eventually,hypertension.Objective To assess for a possible correlation of renal volume torenal function and blood pressures in low birth weight childrenaged 7 -8 years.Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study on childrenaged 7-8 years in Manado, who were born LBW or n ormalbirth weight (NBW). Renal function was assessed by measuringblood cyctatin-C level while renal volume was determined usingultrasound measurements of renal length x width x thickness(cm3). Ttest was used to compare renal volume and cystatin-Clevels in LBW children to NBW children. Pearson's correlationtest was used to assess the relationship of renal volume to renalfunction and blood pressure in low birth weight children.Results Subjects were 48 LBW and 48 NBW children. Meanrenal volumes were 7 8.28 (SD 7 .96) cm3 in the LBW group and103.68 (SD 12.52) cm3 in the NBW group (P< 0.01). The meancystatin-C levels, as a measure of renal function, were 0.81 (SD0.07) mg/Lin the LBW group and in 0.73 (SD 0.06) mg/Linthe NBW group (P< 0.01). There was no correlation betweenrenal volume and cystatin-C level (r=-0.169; P>0,05) as wellas between renal volume and systolic (r=-0.07, P>0.05) anddias tolic blood pressure (r=-0.123, P>0.05).Conclusion Mean renal volume is lower in the LBW groupthan in the NBW group, but is not correlated to decreased renalfunction or blood pressures.
Soluble transferrin receptor levels in obese and non obese adolescents Zul Febrianti; Fadil Oenzil; Firman Arbi; Gustina Lubis
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 2 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (151.902 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi54.2.2014.77-81

Abstract

Background Iron deficiency in children and adolescents maybe dueto an inadequate supply of iron as well as increased iron requirementsfor growth and developmental processes. The incr easing prevalence ofobesity puts children at risk of iron deficiency. Studies on the effectsof obesity on iron deficiency have focused on low grade systemicinflammation as well as examining soluble transferrin receptor levels(sTfR) as an indicator ofiron deficiency.Objective To compare sT fR levels in obese and non-obeseadolescents, assess for correlations between BMI, sTfR and obesity,and determine the risk of iron deficiency in obese adolescents .Method T his cross sectional study was conducted on 20 obeseand 20 non-obese adolescents aged 15-17 in East Aceh District,from September to December 20 11. Subject were chosen throughcluster sampling. The obese subjects had BMI > 95th percentileand the non-obese subjects had BMI s:851h percentile based onthe 2000 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Exclusioncriteria were blood disorders, chronic diseases, and a history ofbleeding. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test and T test witha significance level of P < 0.05, and Pearson's correlation.Results The mean s TfR levels in obese adolescents was higher thanin non-obese adolescents, [2.59 (SD 0.76) vs 2.14 (SD 0.45) μg/mL(P = 0.030)]. Iron deficiency (sTfR> 2.5 μgimL) was more commonin obese than in non-obese adolescents [ (55% vs . 15%, respectively,(P = 0.019) ]. Analysis of the relationship between obesity accordingto BMI andsTfRrevealedan OR of 6.93; 95% CI 1.53 to3 1.38. Ther elationship between the BMI and sTfR levels indicated a positive,moderate strength of association (r = 0.392) .Conclusion The mean sT fR levels in obese adolescents is significantlyhigher than in non-obese individuals. Obese adolescentshave a 6.93 times higher risk of iron deficiency than non-obeseadolescents. Body mass index has a positive and moderate associationwith sTfR.
Physical activity, eating patterns, and insulin resistance in obesity Erny Huriyati; Perdana Samekto Nugroho; Rina Susilowaty; Madarina Julia
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 2 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (114.187 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi54.2.2014.82-7

Abstract

Background Unhealthy eating patterns and physical inactivityare associated with obesity. Insulin resistance, an early sign of type2 diabetes mellitus, is common in obese individuals.Objective To assess for an association between physical activity andeating patterns to insulin resistance in obese female adolescents.Methods Subjects were 77 obese female adolescents aged 13-15years. Peripheral blood specimens were obtained for measurementsof fasting blood glucose, insulin, and the homeostatic modelassessment (HOMA) index. Subjects were considered to be in astate of insulin resistance for HOMA index 2::3. 16. Physical activityrecalls for 7 x 24h were performed to obtain information on subjects'energy expenditure, as well as intensity and duration of physicalactivity. Data on nutrients intake was also obtained using 7 x 24hfood recalls. Fat intake was categorized into saturated fatty acid(SAFA), unsaturated fatty acid (UNSAF A), monounsaturated fattyacid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA).Results Subjects spent most of their time on light activities, 23 .5(SD 2.0) hours/day. Those with insulin resistance spent slightly moretime doing light activities. Conversely, they spent less time in vigorousactivities, a mean difference of 4.96 (95%CI 0.61 to 9.31) minutes/day (P=o 0.01). Subjects who spent less than 1 minute/day in heavyactivities had higher odds for insulin resistance, (OR 3. 14; 95%CI1.20 to 8.50; P=o0.02). There were no relationships found betweennutrients intake, such as energy, protein, fats (SAFA, UNSAFA,MUFA, and PUFA), or carbohydrates, and insulin resistance.Conclusion In obese female adolescents, physical inactivityis associated with insulin resistance, while nutrients intakeis not associated with insulin resistance.

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