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Paediatrica Indonesiana
Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia
ISSN : 00309311     EISSN : 2338476X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,127 Documents
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Prostaglandin E2 and patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants Mochammading Mochammading; Risma Kerina Kaban; Piprim Basarah Yanuarso; Mulyadi Djer
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 56 No 1 (2016): January 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (305.498 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi56.1.2016.8-14

Abstract

Background Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart disease most commonly occurring in premature infants. Spontaneous ductus arteriosus (DA) closure in premature infants has been suggested to be associated with duct lumen maturity and the DA sensitivity to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).Objective To assess for a possible correlation between serum PGE2 levels and PDA size in premature infants.Methods This observational study using repeated measurements on premature infants with PDA detected at days 2-3 of life was undertaken in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Fatmawati Hospital, Jakarta, from April to May 2014. The PDA was diagnosed using 2-D echocardiography and PGE2 levels were measured by immunoassay. Pearson’s correlation test was used to evaluate a possible correlation between PGE2 level and DA diameter.Results Thirty-three premature infants of median gestational age 31 (range 28-32) weeks and median birth weight 1,360 (range 1,000-1,500) grams were enrolled. Almost two-thirds of the subjects were male. Almost all (30/33) subjects had spontaneous DA closure before the age of 10 days. Subjects’ mean DA diameter was 2.9 (SD 0.5) mm with maximum flow velocity of 0.2 (SD 0.06) cm/sec, and left atrial-to-aortic root ratio (LA/Ao) of 1.5 (SD 0.2). Their mean PGE2 levels at the ages of 2-3, 5-7, and after 10 days were 5,238.6 (SD 1,225.2), 4,178.2 (SD 1,534.5), and 915.2 (SD 151.6) pg/mL, respectively. The PGE2 level at days 2-3 was significantly correlated with DA diameter (r = 0.667; P < 0.001), but not at days 5-7 (r = 0.292; P = 0.105) or at day 10 (r = 0.041; P = 0.941).Conclusion There is a strong, positive correlation between the PGE2 level and DA diameter in preterm infants at 2-3 days of age. However, there is no significant correlation between PGE2 level and persistence of PDA.
Association of resistin level with acanthosis nigricans in obese adolescents Dini Noviarti; Eka Agustia Rini; Fadil Oenzil
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 56 No 1 (2016): January 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (325.186 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi56.1.2016.32-6

Abstract

Background Childhood obesity is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome, such as insulin resistance. Clinically, insulin resistance may be manifested as acanthosis nigricans. Resistin has a biological activity that is important in glucose and lipid metabolisms and closely related to the incidence of insulin resistance.Objective To find out the association of resistin level with scale of acanthosis nigricans in adolescents obesity.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 53 obese adolescents with acanthosis nigricans in senior high schools in Padang, West Sumatera. Degree of acanthosis nigricans was assessed using scale of Burke and then plasma resistin level was performed with ELISA. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and post-hoc test.Result The mean of resistin level in obese adolescents was 14.21 (SD 7.43) ng/dL. High resistin level was found in scale of acanthosis nigricans 2,3 and 4 (P=0.0001). Obese adolescents with severe degree of acanthosis nigricans has higher resistin level compared to milder acanthosis nigricans.Conclusion In obese adolescents, the higher degree of acanthosis nigricans, the higher level of plasma resistin.
Lactobacillus probiotics for treating functional dyspepsia in children Tuty Ahyani; Supriatmo Supriatmo; Melda Deliana; Ade Rachmat Yudiyanto; Atan Baas Sinuhaji
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 56 No 1 (2016): January 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (251.204 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi56.1.2016.37-42

Abstract

Background Functional dyspepsia is a common gastrointestinal disorder in school-aged children, though, there is no reliable treatment. Probiotics are live microorganisms administered in adequate amounts to confer beneficial health effects on the host. Although definitive evidence is lacking, several studies have found probiotics to be effective for relieving symptoms of dyspepsia, particularly abdominal pain and bloating.Objective To determine the efficacy of lactobacillus probiotics for treating functional dyspepsia in children.Method A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was done from April to June 2012 in five schools in the Pakpak Bharat Regency, North Sumatera. A total of 116 children who fulfilled the Rome III criteria for functional dyspepsia were randomized into 2 groups to receive either lactobacillus probiotics or placebo for 2 weeks. All patients received a diary to record symptoms and frequency of pain daily. The primary outcome for treatment was defined to be no pain at the end of the intervention.Results The probiotics and placebo groups were not significantly different in recovery from functional dyspepsia (29.3% vs. 13.8%, respectively; P=0.432). However, compared to the placebo group, the probiotics group had significantly reduced frequency of pain (P=0.0001), but no significant differences in pain severity (P=0.08) or pain duration (P 0.091).Conclusion There are no significant differences in recovery from functional dyspepsia, pain severity, or pain duration between the probiotics and placebo groups. However, the probiotics group has significantly reduced frequency of pain compared to that of the placebo group.
Prognostic factors at birth for stunting at 24 months of age in rural Indonesia Endy Prawirohartono; Detty Nurdiati; Mohammad Hakimi
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 56 No 1 (2016): January 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (297.896 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi56.1.2016.48-56

Abstract

Background The problems of stunting are its high prevalence as well as the complexity of its risk factors. Identifying the modifiable prognostic factors at birth may reduce the shortterm as well as longterm effects of stunting in later life.Objective To estimate the influence of prognostic factors detected at birth for stunting at 24 months of age and the occurence of reversal of stunting at 24 months of age among children in a rural area of Indonesia.Methods Subjects (n=343) were born to mothers participating in a randomized controlled, double-blind, community-based study of vitamin A and/or zinc supplementation during pregnancy and followed from June 1998 to October 2000. The children were followed prospectively from birth until 2 years of age with monthly measurements of length from birth to 12 months, and again at 18 and 24 months. Data on potential prognostic factors detected at birth, i.e., maternal, child, and household facilities, were collected by trained field workers at home visits. The incidence and risk ratio were calculated to assess the influence of the possible prognostic factors detected at birth on stunting at 24 months of age among these children.Results Boys who were born prematurely had significantly higher risk of stunting at 24 months of age compared to girls born maturely. The incidences of stunting at 24 months of age according to gender, and gestational age were 33.9% boys vs. 22.5% girls (RR 1.80; 95%CI 1.06 to 3.09), and 33.3% premature vs. 27.6% mature (RR 7.11; 95%CI 2.07 to 24.48), respectively.Conclusion Boys who were born prematurely have significantly higher risk to become stunted at 24 months of age. The occurrence of reversal of stunting at 24 months of age is low.
Serum interleukin-6 and mean platelet volume in pediatric pneumonia Melisa Lilisari; Heda Melinda Nataprawira; Dida Akhmad Gurnida
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 56 No 1 (2016): January 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (269.186 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi56.1.2016.57-61

Abstract

Background In pneumonia, interleukin (IL)-6 is released in response to inflammation. Interleukin-6 stimulates megakaryocyte maturation, leading to larger platelets being released into the circulation. Platelet size is measured as mean platelet volume (MPV). The MPV may also be affected by nutritional status and smoking.Objective To assess for a possible relationship between serum IL-6 concentration and MPV, including smoking and nutritional status as confounding factors, in children with pneumonia.Methods An analytic, observational study with cross-sectional design and consecutive sampling of children aged 2 to 59 months with a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia was conducted from November 2013 to March 2014 in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and two network hospitals. All patients underwent routine complete blood counts including MPV and measurement of serum IL-6 concentration using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Regression linear analysis was used to assess the relationship between MPV and IL-6, passive smoking, and nutritional status.Results There were 67 patients enrolled in the study. Subjects’ mean serum IL-6 concentration was 49.3 (SD 78.3) pg/mL, and mean MPV was 9.2 (SD 0.9) fL. The regression model for MPV was 7.531 + 0.662 (passive smoking) + 0.276 (weight per age) + 0.009 (IL-6).Conclusion There was a relationship between IL-6 serum concentration and MPV in children with pneumonia.
Clinical and molecular analysis of Noonan syndrome in Indonesia: a case report Iffa Mutmainah; Willy Nillesen; Farmaditya Mundhofir; Tri Winarni; Ineke van der Burgt; Helger Yntema; Sultana Faradz
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 56 No 1 (2016): January 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (488.374 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi56.1.2016.62-6

Abstract

Noonan syndrome (NS; OMIM#163950) is a relatively common autosomal dominant disorder with a worldwide prevalence of approximately 1:1,000 to 1:2,500. The syndrome is characterized by distinctive facial features, congenital heart defects (CHD), and short stature. Distinctive facial features consist of a broad and high forehead, hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, a high arched palate, low set and posteriorly rotated ears with a thick helix, and a short neck with excess nuchal skin and low posterior hairline. Additional relatively frequent features include chest deformities, cryptorchidism in males, mild intellectual disability, and bleeding diathesis.1,2In 2001, missense mutations in
Validity of parents’ evaluation of developmental status (PEDS) in detecting developmental disorders in 3-12 month old infants I Wayan Gustawan; Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih; Soeroyo Machfudz
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 50 No 1 (2010): January 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

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Abstract

Background Early detection of development disorder is an effort to recognize disorders in every developmental stage. Parents’ concern can be helpful in identifying children in need of assessment and can be used as a prescreening test to reduce the number of children who require formal screening.Objective To examine diagnostic value of parents’ evaluation of developmental status (PEDS) instrument in order to determine developmental disorders in infant.Methods One hundred and seventy infants, 3-12 months old who visited Pediatric Outpatient Clinic were recruited. The parents filled in the PEDS questionnaire and the results were compared with those of Bayley Scales of Infant Development Second Edition (BSID-II) as a gold standard. The diagnostic properties of PEDS were then calculated.Results PEDS showed a sensitivity of 83.9% (95% CI 67.8 to 93.8), a specificity of 81.3% (95% CI 74.2 to 87.1), a positive predictive value of 50.0% (95% CI 40.6 to 59.4), a negative predictive value of 95.8% (95% CI 91.2 to 98.0), a likelihood ratio positive of 4.5 (95% CI 3.1 to 6.6), a likelihood ratio negative of 0.2 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.4), a pre-test probability of 18.2% and a post-test probability of 49.9% (95% CI 40.6 to 59.3).Conclusion PEDS can be used as an initial screening test to detect developmental disorders in 3-12 month infants.
Prevalence and risk factors for epilepsy in children with spastic cerebral palsy Dedy Rahmat; Irawan Mangunatmadja; Bambang Tridjaja; Taralan Tambunan; Rulina Suradi
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 50 No 1 (2010): January 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (308.099 KB)

Abstract

Background Epilepsy in cerebral palsy (CP) is usually difficult to treat and can lead to poor prognosis due to increased risk for motor and cognitive disorders. The prevalence and risk factors of epilepsy in children with CP vary among studies.Objective To determine the prevalence and risk factors for epilepsy in spastic CP.Methods We performed a retrospective study using medical records of patients with spastic CP at the Departement of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from January 2003 until December 2008. Prevalence ratio was calculated by comparing the prevalence of epilepsy in subjects with and without risk factors. We excluded patients with metabolic disorder, genetic syndrome, and onset of CP after 3 years of age.Results Two hundred thirty six out of 238 spastic CP patients were analyzed. The mean age at diagnosis of spastic CP was 28.8 months. Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. The prevalence of epilepsy in spastic CP was 39%. The risk factors for epilepsy in spastic CP were central nervous system infection, the ocurrence of seizure in the first year of life, and abnormality of EE G.Conclusions The prevalence of epilepsy in spastic CP is 39%. The risk factors for epilepsy in spastic CP are post central nervous system infection, and ocurrence of seizure in the first year of life. [Paediatr Indones. 2010;50:11-7].
Awareness, understanding, and help seeking for behaviour problems by parents of primary school age children in Central Jakarta: A qualitative study Tjhin Wiguna; Myron L. Belfer
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 50 No 1 (2010): January 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (307.647 KB)

Abstract

Background Understanding children’s behaviour and emotional conditions will allow parents to help them cope with the tasks of growing up. The accuracy of parents to identify their children as needing mental health services, and the factor that might influence parental perceptions is important.Objectives To explore parents’ recognition and help-seeking patterns for behavior and emotional problems of school age children; To identify parents’ perceived needs and barriers in achieving access to appropriate mental health services.Methods We involved six parents who had primary school children with behavior and/or emotional problems identified by their class teacher. Parents were interviewed by using a semistructured clinical interview, some were adapted from the Arthur Kleinman’s explanatory model of illness. Data were presented in descriptive and interpretative accounts.Results In general, parents were aware that their children had behavioural and emotional problems but assumed it was part of their normal development. Four parents did not take their children to seek any professional help, assuming they would be able to overcome this situation with the helping hand from the school class teachers. Parents perceived that they were weak in parenting their child.Conclusion This study emphasizes the need to increase parents’ awareness and understanding and helping agencies so they can recognize the problems accurately and overcome the barriers appropriately. [Paediatr Indones. 2010;50:18-25].
Comparison of combination of probiotic and standard therapy compared to standard therapy on eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in children Fransisca Theresia Aryani; Agus Firmansyah; Abdul Latief
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 50 No 1 (2010): January 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

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Abstract

Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is thought to be the etiology of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and risk factor for gastric cancer. Management of H. pylori infection in children is associated with several problems such as compliance to therapy, untolerated side effects, and antibiotic resistance. Probiotic is reported to give beneficial effect in the management of H. pylori infection and there is no study yet on the effect of probiotic in eradication of H. pylori infection in Indonesian children.Objectives To study the effect of additional probiotic in the standard therapy on the rate of H. pylori infection eradication in children and its side effect.Methods This was a double blind randomized controlled trial performed in 23 children with H. pylori infection at Kampung Melayu and Rawa Bunga District. The diagnosis was determined based on Helicobacter pylori stool antigen test (HpSA). Subjects were randomly assigned to either receive receive amoxiycilin, clarithromycin, omeprazole, and probiotic (2 x 109 cfu of Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12) or amoxicillin, clarithromycin, omeprazole dan placebo (maltodextrin). HpSA examination was evaluated again after 2 weeks of therapy.Results Two of 13 subjects in the treatment group and 6 of 10 subjects in the control group experienced side effects. Eradication rate in the treatment group is higher than the control group (13/13 vs 7/10) but the correlation between additional probiotic with the eradication rate of H. pylori is not statistically significant.Conclusions Probiotic can reduce the incidence of side effects due to antibiotic used in H. pylori eradication (2/13 vs 6/10, p < 0.012). [Paediatr Indones. 2010;50:38-41].

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