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Paediatrica Indonesiana

paediatrica-indonesiana
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Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia

ISSN : 00309311 EISSN : 2338476X DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.

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Articles 2,118 Documents

162 163 164 165 166

Umbilical arterial profiles as predictors of severity of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia Jehangir Allam Bhat; Sajad Ahmad Sheikh; Roshan Ara
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 60 No 1 (2020): January 2020
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background: Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains a major cause of neurodevelopmental impairment. Umbilical cord blood analysis provides an objective assessment of newborn metabolic status. Accordingly, it is recommended that physicians attempt to obtain venous and arterial samples when there is high risk of neonatal compromise. Objective To compare the predictive value of umbilical arterial blood pH, lactate and base deficit for subsequent development of severity of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) after perinatal asphyxia and comparison of these parameters to determine which one is superior in predicting severity. Methods Umbilical cord arterial blood of newborns with perinatal asphyxia was tested for pH, lactate, and base deficit estimation. These newborns were evaluated in level III NICU and divided into two groups. Group 1 had no or signs and symptoms of HIE I and group 2 had signs and symptoms of HIE II/III. Values of pH, lactate, and base deficit were tabulated and analyzed by receiver-operating characteristic curves. Optimal cut-off values were estimated based on the maximal Youden index. Results Mean pH was significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1, while lactate and base deficit were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1. Cut-off points for determining severity of HIE were pH <7.13, lactate >6.89 mg/dL, and base deficit >7 mEq/L. Sensitivity and specificity for these cut-off points were 100% and 91.49% for pH, 100% and 85.11% for lactate, and 82.4% and 91.76% for base deficit, respectively. Predictive abilities of all three parameters were similar in determination of HIE severity. Conclusion Umbilical arterial pH, lactate, and base deficit have excellent accuracy to predict the severity of HIE. All three parameters have similarly good predictive ability.

Neonatal Tetanus in the Department of Child Health Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan in 1983-1984 Manihar D. Marbun; Johnny Arsyad; Munar Lubis; Endang D. Hamid; Chairuddin P. Lubis
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 28 No 3-4 (1988): March - April 1988
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

From January 1983 to December 1984 there had been prospective investigations of neonatal tetanus contracted by newborn infants treated at the Department of Child Health Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan. Seventy eight cases (4.28%) contracted neonatal tetanus out of 1821 hospitalized infants. Fifty cases were identified in 1983 and 28 cases in 1984. Fourty nine cases (62.8%) were delivered by traditional birth attendant (TBA), 18 cases (23.8%) by midwife/nurse, and 11 cases (14.10%) by others. The instruments used to cut the umbilical cord were razor blade (34.6%), scissor (33.33%), and sharp sliver bamboo (29.49%). There were 23 cases (29.49%) who used traditional medicine made from herb for umbilical cord treatment. None of the mothers was vaccinated with tetanus toxoid. Most of the parents had only elementary school education, 42.32% fathers, and 71.79% mothers. Based on this study it is suggested to increase tetanus toxoid immunization to pregnant mothers, health education for the community and a brief course provided for the traditional birth attendant (TBA) should be enhanced to reduce the incidence and mortality rate of neonatal tetanus.

Laryngeal Tuberculosis in a Child (A Case Report) F. X. Santoso; Esther S. I. Witono; Makmuri M. S.; Gunadi Santosa
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 28 No 3-4 (1988): March - April 1988
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Since the advent of effective antituberculous chemotherapy, laryngeal tuberculosis has become relatively uncommon, and there is a real possibility that the diagnosis may be delayed or overlooked. Data from the ENT outpatient clinic Dr. Soetomo Hospital showed a significant decrease in the prevalence of laryngeal tuberculosis, from 4. 72 o/oo in 1980 to 0.28 o/oo in 1986. This condition is usually found in adult males who have pulmonary tuberculosis. A girl with laryngeal tuberculosis is the objective of the present report. The patient was admitted with a history of chronic hoarseness. With a presumptive diagnosis of papilloma of the larynx, some biopsies were performed. The histopathologic exmamintaions suggested laryngeal tuberculosis. Additional examinations revealed a positive tubercullin test, diffuse infiltrates on both lungs and positive acid fast bacilli. Her condition improved after chemotherapy administration.

Oral Rehydration Therapy in Young Infants less than 3 Months with Acute Diarrhoea and Modeate Dehydration Sunoto Sunoto; Suharyono Suharyono; Aswitha D. Budiarso; Adnan S. Wiharta
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 28 No 3-4 (1988): March - April 1988
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) as an appropriate technology in the treatment of acute diarrhoeal diseases (ADD) has been accepted throughout the world. It has been proved that besides lifesaving, ORT has reduced about 70-80% of the use of intravenous solution and average cost of the treatment of ADD. If there is still problem, question or doubtfulness, is the use of WHO ORS in full concentration for the neonates and young infants less than 3 months of age. During one-year period it has been treated 72 cases of ADD in young infants less than 3 months of age with moderate dehydration. They were divided into 3 groups. The first group was treated with 100 mil kg bw of fluid consisting oftwothirds as WHO ORS in full concentration for 4 hours period and the rest, one-third, was given as plain water for 2 hours period. The second group was treated with kristalyte with the Na concentration of 51 mEq/L and the third group was treated with intravenous Ringer's lactate for 6 hours period. After the end of the study only 18 patients in each group could be matched and evaluated. From clinical observation and laboratory examinations, the result of the treatment in general, statistically shows no significant difference. Diarrhoea and vomiting stopped in all groups on the second day of treatment. Hyponatremia which occurred in 3 patients in Group I and 2 patients each in Group II and III improved after 6 hours of treatment. Acidosis was corrected in all of the treatment groups in 6 hours period. Weight gain up to 6-9% of body weight on admission was achieved after 6 hours of treatment in all groups. No complication of hypernatremia, convulsion nor hypoglycaemia in all the treatment group. From this study it could be concluded that WHO ORS is quite safe and effective as ORS with low sodium concentration and intravenous treatment, as far as it is given slowly, little by little with a strict supervision.

Nasogastric Drip Rehydration Therapy in Acute Diarrhea with Severe Dehydration Syamsul Hidayat; Srie Enggar K. D.; Nancy Pardede; Rusdi Ismail
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 28 No 3-4 (1988): March - April 1988
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

WHO recommended severe dehydration without shock in acute diarrhea to be rehydrated by nasogastric drips (NGD) of oral rehydration solution (oralit). In this respect the criteria of a still palpable and countable pulse, the absence of meteorism and absence of complication, the reverse warranting iv fluid therapy, can be used as practical guidelines to identify the patient "without shock". A clinical trial comparing the result of NGD oralit rehydration therapy to that of intravenous Ringer-lactate on small children with diarrhea and severe dehydration was conducted. Seventy jive patients admitted to the Department of Child Health Palembang General Hospital from January up to July 1986, aged 1 to 59 months, suffering from acute diarrhea with severe dehydration fulfilled to above mentioned criteria. Randomly 36 were assigned to NGD rehydration therapy using WHO standard ORS (in Indonesia is named as oralit) and 39 were rehydrated with iv Ringer lactate solution, given in four hours consisting of 40ml/kg BW, 30ml/kg BW, 20 ml/kg BW and 20ml/kg BW in the first, second, third and fourth hours respectively. Based on the failure rate of rehydration in the first four hours, the recurrence of dehydration after rehydration and the side effects of fluid therapy, it was concluded that acute diarrhea cases with severe dehydration who fulfilled the above mentioned criteria can be rehydrated by NGD oralit as effective and safe as by iv Ringer lactate.

Gastrointestinal Aspects of Malnutrition in Children Michael Gracey
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 28 No 3-4 (1988): March - April 1988
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Throughout history mankind has suffered many scourges. In many parts of the world improvements in living standards, hygiene, nutrition, medical care and preventive public health programmes have made many of these infectious , diseases things of the past. However, in the so called "developing" countries, diarrhoeal diseases of infancy and childhood are still major problems which cause many millions of deaths each year (Mata, 1985).

Ceftriaxone Therapy of Bacterial Meningitis in Children Sumarmo Sumarmo; S. R. Harun; M. A. Nathin
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 28 No 7-8 (1988): July - August 1988
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Twenty-nine children, age 3 months to 11 years, admitted with the clinical diagnosis of bacterial meningitis to the Department of Child Health, were included in a prospective treatment study of ceftriaxone (RocephinHoffmann- La Roche AG Bas/e, Switzerland). Ceftriaxone was used as the only antibiotic agent in single daily dose of 100 mg/kg body weight given intravenously for a minimum of 10 days. Of these 29 patients, 25 (86.2%) recovered, 3 (10.3%) died and 1 (3.4%) no respond to treatment. Among fatal cases, two patients had subdural empyema and one had a cerebral abscess. The microorganisms isolated from cerebrospinal fluid were: Streptococcus pneumoniae (5), Pseudomonas sp. (4), Proteus sp. (2), Salmonella typhi (1), Escherichia coli (1), Clostridium sp. (1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1), Staphylococcus aureus {1), and Streptococcus haemolyticus (1). In 12 patients (41,4%), organisms were not identified. The diagnosis was made based on clinical symptoms, Gram staining, cell count. ~!Â·tease, and protein in the CSF. In all patients, repeated spinal fluid cultures had no bacterial growth at 24 hours after initation of intravenous therapy. No evidence of clinical important drug toxicity was observed. Three p'Oiients, however, had lightly elevated hepatic transaminase levels, and one patient had rnild neutropenia. These clinical and bacteriological results suggested that ceftriaxone is reasonably safe and effective in the treatment of bacterial meningitis caused by the most common pediatric pathogens in Indonesian children over one month of age.

Tetralogy of Fallot at tbe Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Ujung Pandang J. M. C. H. Pelupessy; Husein Albar
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 28 No 7-8 (1988): July - August 1988
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

A retrospective study was carried out on children with tetralogy of Fallot at the Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin University/Ujung Pandang General Hospital from January 1, 1982 to December 31, 1985 inclusive. The diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot was based on the history, clinical and laboratory findings, chest radiograms and electrocardiograms. There were 10 children included consisting of 7 in- and 3 out- patients, ranging in age from 17 days to 10 years. All in-patients had protein energy malnutrition and or respiratory tract infection. Boy to girl ratio was 1 : 1,5. Cyanosis developed before the age of six months, clubbing of the fingers and toes manifested after one year of age while squatting became obvious after the age of two and a half years.

Transumbilical Balloon Atrial Septostomy with Echocardiographic Monitoring Sudigdo Sastroasmoro; Bambang Madiyono; Ismet N. Oesman; Sukman Tulus Putra; Eva Jeumpa Soelaiman
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 28 No 7-8 (1988): July - August 1988
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Balloon atrial sept ostomy is usually necessary for survival beyond infancy in patients with transposition of the great arteries and insufficient intracardiac mixing. Since the umbilical vein and ductus venosus are often patent in the newborn infants, this route can be considered as an alternative to a femoral venous route in a critically ill infant. A 7 day-old newborn with D-transposition with intact ventricular septum and small patent foramen ovate was successfully managed by creating atrial septal defect through transumbilical balloon arterial septostomy. The procedure was carried out in the neonatal intensive care unit, guided by 2D-echocardiography. The arterial oxygen saturation increased dramatically upon the completion of the procedure, and a large atrial septal defect could be demonstrated echocardiographically. Unfortunately the infant died before further definitive surgery was performed.

Infant feeding: a selective review and research needs J. A. Kusin
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 28 No 7-8 (1988): July - August 1988
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Growth faltering starting in infancy can be considered the onset of malnutrition. Infant feeding practices as well as a high prevalence of infectious diseases are causal in this process. While general recommendations on infant feeding are useful as guidelines, it is futile to attempt univorm recommendations as good feeding practices are bound to differ by community. It is felt that the biomedical and social science discipline should investigate the factors influencing infant feeding as well as the consequences of habitual practices on infant health and survival.

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