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Paediatrica Indonesiana

paediatrica-indonesiana
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Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia

ISSN : 00309311 EISSN : 2338476X DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.

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Articles 2,118 Documents

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Predicting PICU patient survival prognosis: Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction vs Pediatric Index of Mortality scores Edwina Winiarti; Muhammad Sholeh Kosim; Mohammad Supriatna
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 52 No 3 (2012): May 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Determining prognosis of patients using scoringsystems have been done in many pediatric intensive care units(PICU). The scoring systems frequently used are pediatric logisticorgan dy sfunction (PELOD), pediatric index of mortality (PIM)and pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM).Objective To compare the performance of PELOD and PIM scoresin predicting the prognosis of survival vs death in PICU patients.Methods A prognostic test in this prospective, cohort study wasconducted in the PICU of the Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang.PELOD and PIM calculations were performed using formulae frompreviously published articles. Statistical analyses included receiveroperating curve (ROC) characteristics to describe discriminationcapacity, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negativepredictive value and accuracy.Results Thirty-three patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria wereenrolled in the study. PELOD score for area under the ROCwas 0.87 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.0; P=0.003), while that for PIMwas 0.65 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.90; P=0.2). PELOD scores showedsensitivity 85.7% (95% CI 59.8 to 100), specificity 84.6% (95%CI 70.7 to 98.5), positive predictive value 60.0% (95% CI 29.6to 90.4) negative predictive value 95.6% (95% CI 87.3 to 100)and accuracy 84.8%. PIM scores showed sensitivity 85.7% (95%CI 59.8 to 100), specificity 50.0% (95% CI 30.8 to 69.2), positivepredictive value 31.6% (95% CI 10,7 to 52.5), negative predictivevalue 92.9% (95% CI 79.4 to 100) and accuracy 57.6%.Conclusion PELOD scoring had better specificity, positive predictivevalue, negative predictive value, accuracy and discrimination capacitythan PIM scoring for predicting the survival prognosis of patients inthe PICU. [Paediatr Indones. 2012;52:165-9].

Serum ferritin to detect iron deficiency in children below five years of age Windy Saufia Apriyanti; Sutaryo Sutaryo; Sri Mulatsih
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 53 No 3 (2013): May 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Iron deficiency (ID) anemia impacts thecognitive and motor development of children until the age of10 years, despite receiving iron therapy. Early det ection of IDis recommended and serum ferritin has been proposed as analternative indicator for ID det ection.Objective To assess th e diagnostic accuracy of serum ferritin fordetecting ID in children below five years of age.Methods T his cross-sectional, diagnostic study was conducted inprimary health care centers in Yogyakarta and Bantu!. Hemoglobin(Hb), serum ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) levelswere performed on children aged 6- 59 months.A sTfR level of 2:8.2 mg/L was used to define iron deficiency. T he best cutoff pointfor serum ferritin level use as a diagnostic tool was determined byreceiver operator curve.Results T he prevalence ofID was32%. Mean h emoglobin levelsin iron deficient and healthy children were 11.7 (SD 0.5) g/dL and12.2 (SD 0.7) g/dL, respectively. T he sensitivity, specificity, andpositive predictive value (PPV) of serum ferritin ( < 12 ug/L) were17%, 93%, and 56%, respectively. Using a cut off of <32.4 ug/L,serum ferritin had sensitivity of 62. l % and specificity of 50.8%.Conclusions The diagnostic value of serum fe rritin levels ismodestly capable of detecting ID. Therefore, serum ferritin shouldnot be used as an alternative indicator for detecting ID in childrenbelow five years of age.

Prognostic value of nitric oxide in pediatric septic shock Ari L. Runtunuwu; Jeanette I. Ch. Manoppo; Dasril Daud; Irawan Yusuf; Idham Jaya Ganda
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 56 No 4 (2016): July 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi56.4.2016.211-4

Background Nitric oxide (NO) play a key role in the pathogenesis of septic shock. Nitrit oxide metabolite is reported as a good predictor for shock although its role as mortality predictor in sepsis still controversial.Objective To assess the serum nitric oxide (NO) levels and outcomes in pediatric patients with septic shock.Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study from January 2013 to April 2014 in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado. Subjects were patients agedÂ 1 month-12 years diagnosed with septic shock. We measured initial serum NO and observed its outcomes in all subjects.Results A total of 37 patients with septic shock met the study criteria. Nineteen children were male (51.4%). Seventeen subjects died and 20 subjects survived. The mean age of subjects with septic shock was 37.3 (SD 14.2) months. The mean serum NO level was significantly higher in the group who died [33.2 Î¼M; 95% CI 23.6 to 42.7] than in the group who survived [13.8 Î¼M; 95%CI 11.6 to 15.9] (P<0.01). The serum NO cut-off point for predicting mortality was 16.15 ÂµM. For NO levels of more than 16.15 ÂµM, the positive predictive value was 72.2% and negative predictive value was 78.9% (OR 9.750; 95%CI 2.154 to 44.138).Conclusion In pediatric patients with septic shock, serum NO levels are significantly higher in those who died than in those who survived. Serum nitric oxide level can be used to predict outcomes of patients with septic shock.

Nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage and antimicrobial resistance in underfive children with community acquired pneumonia Cissy B. Kartasasmita; Heda Melinda Duddy; Sunaryati Sudigdoadi; Dwi Agustian; Ina Setiowati; Tri Hanggono Ahmad; Ramdan Panigoro
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 41 No 11-12 (2001): November 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi41.6.2001.292-5

Lung puncture is the best way to determine the etiology of pneumonia since it yields the highest rate of positive cultures. However, this procedure is difficult, especially for a study in the community. According to WHO, isolates to be tested for antimicrobial resistance in the community should be obtained from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs. Previous studies support the use of NP isolates to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates from children with pneumonia. The aim of our study was to know the bacterial patterns of the nasopharynx in underfive children with community acquired pneumonia and their antimicrobial resistance. The study was carried out in 4 Primary Health Clinics in Majalaya sub-district, Bandung, Indonesia. All underfives with cough or difficult breathing and classified as having non-severe pneumonia (WHO guidelines), were included in the study. Nasopharyngeal swabs (CDC/WHO Manual) were obtained by the doctor, the swabs were placed in Amies transport medium and stored in a sterile jar before taken to the laboratory in the same day. All children were treated with co-trimoxazole. During the nine month study, 698 children with clinical signs of non-severe pneumonia were enrolled. About 25% of the nasopharyngeal specimens yielded bacterial isolates; the two most frequently found were S. pneumoniae and S. epidermidis. The antimicrobial resistance test to co-trimoxazole showed 48.2% S. pneumoniae strain had full resistance and 32.7% showed intermediate resistance to co-trimoxazole. This result is almost similar to other studies from Asian countries. It seems that H. influenzae is not a problem in the study area; however, further studies are needed.

Treatment of In-Patient Pulmonary Tuberculosis Rasmin Rasjid
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 15 No 11-12 (1975): November - December 1975
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

The progress of a tuberculous lesion was discussed. A treatment regimen of pulmonary tuberculosis in the wards mas layed out, especially for the "Persahabatan" Hospital, Jakarta. Rifampicin seems to be a potent drug. However, for developing countries like Indonesia it is still very expensive. Possibly a combinations of INH + RMP + EB will be most effective at present. Only a daily treatment is carried out in â€Persahabatanâ€ Hospital.

Comparison of minimal inhibitory and bactericidal capacity of oral penicillin V with benzathine penicillin G to Streptococcus beta--hemolyticus group A in children with rheumatic heart disease Burhanuddin Iskandar; Bambang Madiyono; Sudigdo Sastroasmoro; Sukman T. Putra; Mulyadi M. Djer; Anis Karuniawati
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 48 No 3 (2008): May 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Injection ofbenzatine penicillin G (BPG) every 28days is still the drug of choice for secondary prevention of rheu-matic heart disease (RHD). BPG sometimes poses problems dueto pain at the injection site, possible anaphylaxis, and is not alwaysavailable. Some centers choose oral penicillin over BPG.Objectives To compare minimal inhibitory capacity (MIC) andminimal bactericidal capacity (MBC) of oral penicillin V serumwith those of BPG among SGA infected RHD.Methods This was a clinical trial with crossover design study tocompare MIC of penicillin V and BPG. Outcome measures wereMIC and MBC. Statistical analysis was performed using pairedt-test and wilcoxon test.Result There were 32 subjects consisted of 17 males and 15females. The mean value of MIC and MBC serum of penicillinV were 0.031 and 0.125. The mean value of MIC and MBCserum of BPG3 were 0.094 and 0.031. Respectively the MICof penicillin V was similar to that of BPGy The mean value ofMIC and MBC of BPG4 were 0.125 and 0.250. Respectively theMIC of penicillin V was significantly higher than that of BPG 4.The MBC of penicillin V was significantly higher than that ofBPG 4. The MIC ofBPG 3 was similar to that ofBPG 4â€¢ The MBCof BPG 3 was similar to that of BPG 4.Conclusions The MIC of penicillin V was similar to that ofBPG 3,the MBC of oral penicillin V was higher than that ofBPG 3â€¢ TheMIC and MBC of penicillin V was higher than those of BPG 4.

Hemoglobin profiles of siblings of thalassemia patients Muhammad Riza; Septin Widiretnani
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 55 No 2 (2015): March 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies are themost common inherited disorders in many areas of the world,including South East Asia. The siblings of thalassemia major is agroup of high risk to carry the gene of thalassemia. Determiningthe carrier is useful for early treatment planning and preventionto the next child.Objective To determine carrier status among siblings ofthalassemia patients using a capillary electrophoresis system.Methods A cross-sectional study on the siblings of thalassemiamajor patients was performed from January 2011 to February2012 at Dr. Moewardi Hospital. Complete blood counts wereperformed in the siblings. Subjects with mean corpuscular volume(MCV) <80 fl and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) <27pg were subjected to analize hemoglobin fraction by capillaryelectrophoresis.Results Of the 26 subjects, there were 12 males and 14 females.The mean age was 9.38 (SD 6.8) years (range 1 to 29 years). Fromthe siblings, 10 were identified as normal, 5 were identified as ÃŸthalassemia carriers and 5 were hemoglobin E (HbE) carriers. Sixsiblings were diagnosed with ÃŸ thalassemia/ HbE.Conclusion There are high occurrence of the two common typesof thalassemia carriers (ÃŸ and HbE) in our small group of subjectswho had a family history of thalassemia. Most of the siblingsof thalassemia had low MCV and MCH.Â

Obesity among children aged 10-13 years in public and private elementary schools Evi Kamelia; Nurdiani Nurdiani; Tiansa Sembiring; Hakimi Hakimi; Iskandar Z Lubis
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 43 No 2 (2003): March 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background In the last few years, the prevalence of obesity amongIndonesian children has been beginning to increase slowly, butstudies and publications about obesity are limited. In accordancewith the improvement of social economic and child health, obesitycan be seen more frequently as a problem in children.Objective To evaluate and compare the prevalence and relatedfactors of obesity among children 10-13 year-old who were stu-dents of two kinds of school, namely public and private elementaryschool.Methods A cross sectional study was done from October untilDecember 1995 on 276 elementary school students aged 10-13years consisting of 138 public and 138 private elementary schoolstudents. Data were collected by a questionnaire including anam-nesis of family history and type of daily diet, physical examination,and anthropometric measurement.Results The prevalence of obesity among children in the publicand private elementary schools was 9% and 20% respectively,which showed a significant difference (p<0.01). The prevalence ofobesity among children was significantly related to parentsâ€™ wel-fare, excessive daily calorie intake, level of physical activity, andobesity problem in the family.Conclusion The prevalence of obesity in students of private andpublic elementary schools was 20% and 9% respectively. Socialeconomic level, calorie intake, sport activities, and obesity prob-lems in the family are factors related to the prevalence of childobesity

Adverse effects of hyperbilirubinemia on the development of healthy term infants I Made Arimbawa; Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih; I K Kari
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 46 No 2 (2006): March 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi46.2.2006.51-6

Background Indirect hyperbilirubinemia is a common problem dur-ing the neonatal period and may cause long-term abnormality ordevelopmental delay.Objective To evaluate the adverse effects of hyperbilirubinemiaon the development of healthy term infants.Methods This was a prospective cohort study on healthy terminfants born in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. Mullen Scale Testswere performed at the ages of 3 and 6 months to assess subjectsâ€™development. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conductedto examine the relationship between several dependent variablesand developmental outcomes.Results One hundred and twelve infants were enrolled in this study[56 with hyperbilirubinemia, 56 without hyperbilirubinemia; 58 (52%)male, 54 (48%) female]. Mean birth weight was 318.3 grams (SD342.26) vs 3162.5 grams (SD 338.61). At the age of 3 months,below average category according to Mullen Scale Test was higherin infants with history of hyperbilirubinemia compared to those with-out hyperbilirubinemia, which was statistically significant for finemotor scale (17.9% vs 5.4%; respectively; P=0.039; RR 1.66; 95%CI 1.15;2.39). At 6 months of age, it was higher in infants withhistory of hyperbilirubinemia compared to those without hyperbi-lirubinemia and this was statistically significant for gross motor scale(19.6% vs 3.6%, respectively; RR 1.86; 95%CI 1.36; 2.56; P=0.008)and fine motor scale (17.9% vs 5.4%, respectively; RR 1.66; 95%CI1.15; 2.39; P=0.039). Multivariate logistic regression test showedthat only hyperbilirubinemia was correlated with gross motor scaledelay at the age of 6 months (P=0.027; OR 5.97; 95%CI 1.22;29.12).Conclusion Healthy term infants with history of hiperbilirubinemiawere associated with increased gross motor scale delay at theage of 6 months

Suspicion of neglect or abuse in two hospitalized cases (Case report) Moersintowarti B. Narendra; Hardjono Soeparto; Yustina Rosanti; Agus Salim
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 41 No 3-4 (2001): March 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi41.2.2001.115-119

The convention of childrenâ€™s rights (1989) has acknowledged and recommended a statement that minimalstandard for the child welfare with the range of primary right to keep an outstanding life for the childrenâ€™s development to theirmaximum potential, protecting from disturbances e.g. neglect and physical abuse.But, it is difficult to classify cases whetherrelated to the problem of neglect or abuse, especially in developing countries where discrepancies in health services isremain exist.Objective : To present two cases which have been overlooked to the possibilities of abuse and neglect.Discription of the cases :Case 1. A malnourished 2 years old boy who was admitted with diarrhea in Dr.Soetomo HospitalSurabaya (September 6 ,1998) with :Clinical criteria of Marasmic Kwashiorkor available.Ignorance of health worker aboutnutritional status and inadequate referral system. 3. Factors related to the malnutrition are: a. Early weaning and inadequateweaning food. b. Poverty and low education. c. Lack of integrated health care (GOBI FFF practice). Case 2. An epileptic 11years old girl was admitted in Dr.Soetomo Hospital Surabaya (July,12, 1999). Problems list were : Respiratory problem whichcould not be explained pathophysiologically. Single parent, and inconsistency of adequate childrearing , Factors related to thefailure in compliance of epileptic treatment, and Isolation and restricted movement.Discussion of the difficulty in classificationof the cases, and the possibility of solving the problem in Surabaya related to the limited action of the Committee on ChildProtection, need to have positive suggestions sharing experience from the Congress members.

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