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Paediatrica Indonesiana
ISSN : 00309311     EISSN : 2338476X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,118 Documents
Influence of zinc on severity of common cold in children Cahalafa Shinta Caesar; Mohammad Juffrie; Sumadiono Sumadiono
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 52 No 6 (2012): November 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (103.721 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi52.6.2012.324-8

Abstract

Background Symptomatic treatment of common cold in childrendoes not reduce the duration and severity of disease. Since zinc hasbeen used to enhance cellular and humoral immunity, it has thepotential to reduce the severity of the common cold. However, theeffects of zinc on the common cold have been inconclusive. Theuse of zinc to treat cold symptoms deserves further studies.Objective To determine the effect of zinc supplementation onthe severity of the common cold in children.Methods We performed a randomized, double􀁁blind, controlledtrial in children aged 3􀁁 5 years who were diagnosed Mth a commoncold at primary health care centers in Gedongtengen, Umbulharj 0I and Kotagede II, Yogyakarta. Subjects were collected byconsecutive sampling and their parents were interviewed. Severityof illness was categorized as mild, moderate or severe.Results One hundred fourteen patients with common cold weredivided into 2 groups of 57 subjects each. One group receivedzinc supplementation while the other group received a placebo.Subjects with fever received additional paracetamol. After 7 daysof treatment, there were no significant differences in clinicalimprovement in the zinc group (80.7%) compared to that of theplacebo group (78.9%), P􀁂O.83.Conclusion The severity of the common cold in children aged3􀁁5 years was not significantly different in those who receivedzinc supplementation compared to placebo. [Paediatr Indones.2012;52:324-8].
Radiologic imaging of congenital gastrointestinal anomalies in infants Leny Zabidi; Gatot Irawan Sarosa; Farah Prabowo
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 52 No 6 (2012): November 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (144.806 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi52.6.2012.341-5

Abstract

Background Congenital gastrointestinal anomalies may manifestsigns or symptoms in the first few days of life, most commonly inthe fonn of obstructions. Radiologic imaging plays an importantrole in diagnosis confirmation and surgical correction plans. Mostcases may be diagnosed by plain radiographs alone, but cr scansand MRI may be needed to make accurate diagnoses, especiallyin difficult cases.Objective To report radiologic imaging findings in infants Mthcongenital gastrointestinal anomalies.Methods For this retrospective, cross􀁊sectional study we tooksecondary data from medical records of infants 'With congenitalgastrointestinal anomalies in Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang,Indonesia from January 2010 - June 2011. Diagnosis of congenitalanomalies was confirmed by clinical manifestation and radiologicimaging. Radiologic findings were reviewed by a single radiologiston duty at that time. Data is presented in the form of frequencydistribution.Results Subjects consisted of 50 males and 23 females. The mostcormnon complaints were vorrritingin 14 subjects (19%), alxlominaldistension in 31 subjects (43%), and fecal passage dysfunction in28 subjects (38%). Radiologic imaging of subjects with congenitalgastrointestinal anomalies revealed the folloMng conditions: analatresia in 28 subjects (38%), congenital megacolon in 21 subjects(29%), esophageal atresia in 14 subjects (19%), duodenal atresia in9 subjects (12%), and pyloric atresia in 1 subject (2%).Conclusion Using radiologic imaging of infants with congenitalgastrointestinal anomalies, the most to least common conditionsfound were anal atresia, congenital megacolon, esophagealatresia, duodenal atresia, and pyloric atresia. [Paediatr Indones.2012;52:341-5].
Effects of Phyllanthus niruri on the severity of the common cold in children Ari Dwi Ratna Kusumaningrum; Sumadiono Sumadiono; Yati Soenarto
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 52 No 6 (2012): November 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (350.118 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi52.6.2012.346-51

Abstract

Background Common cold is a selfô€€µlimited disease, howeverit poses a significant burden on productivity and communityhealth. Unfortunately, there has been no standard medicationfor childhood common cold, whereas some herbs \\lith immuneô€€µmodulating properties, such as Phyllanthus niruri extract (PNE),might be beneficial but has not been thoroughly studied.Objective To evaluate the effect of PNE administration on theseverity of common cold symptoms in children.Methods We performed a randomized, doubleô€€µblind, controlledtrial in children aged 2ô€€µ6 years who were diagnosed Mth a commoncold at primary health care centers in Sewon and Jetis in Bantul,as well as in Gondomanan and Gedongtengen in Yogyakarta.Subjects were collected by consecutive sampling and parentswere interviewed. We assessed illness severity by Hemila scoringfor the common cold.Results A total of 100 subjects were included Mth 50 subjects ineach intervention group. After treatment, there was no significantdifference in common cold severity between the PNE and thecontrol groups for all symptom score components, including cough(0.87 vs 0.71, Pô€€½0.36), nasal symptom (0.90 vs 1.10, Pô€€½0.54),coryza ( 0.44 vs 1.10, P=0.54), and systemic symptom (0.10 vs0.10, Pô€€½0.94).Conclusion Administration of PNE for 6 days did not provide asignificant benefit in reducing the severity of the common coldcompared to placebo in children aged 2 - 6 years. [PaediatrIndanes.2012;52:346-51].
Correlation between interleukin-6 and septic shock in children Stephanie Yulianto; Ari Runtunuwu; Vivekenanda Pateda; Jose Mandei; Julius Lolombulan
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 52 No 6 (2012): November 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (132.879 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi52.6.2012.352-5

Abstract

Background Sepsis is a life􀁆threatening condition and the mostcommon cause of death in intensive care units in developingcountries, such as Indonesia. The first clinical signs of sepsis areusually non􀁆spedfic. More specific signs and laboratory parametersoften occur late and are associated 'With organ dysfunction andhigh mortality rates. Interleukin􀁆6 (IL--6) is a biomarker reported tobe superior to clinical signs and conventional tests for sepsis. IL--6levels may indicate microorganism invasion, as well as progressionof infection into sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock.Objective To evaluate a correlation between interleukin (IL)􀁆6and septic shock in childrenMethods This cross􀁆sectional study was conducted in the pediatricintensive care unit of Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital, Manado,between June to September 2011. Subjects were children withsepsis or septic shock aged 1 month to 13 years, v.ith diagnosesbased on the International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus ConferenceCriteria 2005. A one􀁆time measurement of IL--6 plasma levelswas done at the time of diagnosis. Data was analyzed by logisticregression test using SPSS version 17 software. A P value of <0.05indicated statistical significance.Results The mean IL--6 plasma level in the septic group was 1.68(95%CI 1.45 to 1.91) pg/mL and that of the septic shock groupwas 2.33 (95%CI 1.79 to 2.86) pg/mL. Our results showed astrong positive correlation between IL􀁆6 plasma levels v.ith theprobability of septic shock in children v.ith sepsis (regressioncoefficient􀁇1.3lO, P􀁇O.024).Conclusion Higher plasma IL--6 levels were associated v.ith ahigher risk of septic shock in children with sepsis. [Paediatrrndones.2012;52:352-5].
Detection of childhood developmental disorders, behavioral disorders, and depression in a post-earthquake setting Yogi Prawira; Intan Tumbelaka; Ali Alhadar; Erwin Hendrata; Renno Hidayat; Dave Anderson; Trevino Pakasi; Bernie Endyarni; Rini Sekartini
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 51 No 3 (2011): May 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (173.612 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi51.3.2011.133-7

Abstract

Background Disasters, including earthquakes, may strike abruptly without warning. Children may develop psychological damage resulting from experiencing an overwhelmingly traumatic event. They may feel very frightened during a disaster and demonstrate emotional and behavioral problems afterwards.Objective To evaluate the presence of developmental disorders, behavioral disorders, and depression in children after the earthquake at Padang and Pariaman on September 30th, 2009.Methods This was a cross􀁘sectional study using the developmental pre screening questionnaire (KPSP), Pediatric Symptoms Checklist-17 (PSC-17), and Child Depression Inventory (CDI) in children after the Padang and Pariaman earthquake (September 30th, 2009), in Sungai Limau and Sungai Geringging District, Pariaman Region, West Sumatera. Our study was conducted October 15th to November 28th, 2009.Results There were 172 children screened using the KPSP. Forty-two (25%) children scored 7􀁘8 (reason for concern), 18 (10%) children scored <7 (suspected to have a developmental disorder), and the remainder scored as developmentally appropriate. Behavioral disorder screening was perfonned in 339 children using the PSC􀁘 17. Internalizing disorder alone was suspected in 58 (17%) children, externalizing disorder alone in 26 (7.7%), and attention􀁘defidt disorder alone in 5 (1.5%). Eight (2.4%) children were suspected to have both internalizing and attention􀁘defidt disorders, 4 (1.2%) children externalizing and attention􀁘defidt disorders, 22 (6.5%) children internalizing and externalizing disorders, and 15 (4.4%) children all three disorders. From 4 9 children who underwent depression screening using CDI, 15(30.6%) children were suspected to have depression. Conclusion After the Padang and Pariaman earthquake, we found 10% of subjects screened were suspected of having a developmental disorder. The most connnonbehavioral disorder found was internalizing disorder. Possible depression was found in 30.6% of children surveyed. Traumatized children are at risk for developing post traumatic stress disorder. 2011;5' :133-7]. 
Assessing the quality of life of asthmatic children using the PedQLâ„¢ Yulia Wigoeno; Rini Sekartini; Darmawan Budi Setyanto; Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 51 No 5 (2011): September 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (394.525 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi51.5.2011.245-51

Abstract

Background Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory illness in childhood. Its prevalence in Indonesia is 6.7 - 10%. Asthma influences growth, development and quality of life in affected children. Studies abroad have shown that children with asthma have a decreased quality of life (QoL), yet such data is limited in Indonesia.Objective To assess quality of life of asthmatic children in Indonesia, the influence of sociodemographic and medical characteristics on QoL, and to compare child self-reporting to their parents’ proxy-reporting.Methods This descriptive analysis, cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2010. We assessed the quality of life of asthmatic children aged 2-18 years using the PedsQLTM 4.0 generic scale.Results A total of 100 asthmatic children and their parents were included, with 43% of the subjects aged 8-12 years and a male to female ratio of 1.7:1. We observed that 26.8% of children who self-reported had impaired QoL, while 35% of children who reported by proxy had impaired QoL. In a multivariate analysis, we found the following characteristics to independently influence QoL: male gender (P 0.018 OR 0.26 95% CI 0.08 to 0.9) based on child self-report, and having partly controlled/uncontrolled asthma based on self-report and proxy-report (P 0.013 OR 6.24 95% CI 1.48 to 26.37 and P 0.018 OR 3.43 95% CI 1.24 to 10.05, respectively). There was good correlation between the self-report and the proxy-report on emotional and social functioning (r > 0.5), yet we found physical and school functioning to be weakly correlated (r < 0.5).Conclusions We observed a relatively high (26.8-35%) impaired QoL in asthmatic patients. Parental assessment of their child’s QoL was generally lower than the child’s self-assessment. Male gender is a protective factor against impaired QoL, but having partly controlled/uncontrolled asthma is a risk factor for lower QoL. [Paediatr Indones. 2011;51:245-51].
Hypertension, high-dose corticosteroids, and renal infiltration in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia Andry Juliansen; Murti Andriastuti; Sudung Pardede; Rini Sekartini
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 6 (2014): November 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (137.11 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi54.6.2014.372-6

Abstract

Background Hypertension is a rarely recognized complication of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The incidence of hypertension in ALL patients in Indonesia remains unknown, but the most common risk factors are corticosteroid use during induction-phase chemotherapy and renal leukemic infiltration. Objective To determine the incidence of hypertension in children with ALL, and to assess for associations of high-dose corticosteroids, renal infiltration, and hyperleukocytosis to hypertension. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 100 children aged 2-18 years. Subjects were newly diagnosed ALL patients and those underwent induction-phase chemotherapy in the Pediatric Ward or Outpatient Clinic at Cipto Mangunkusumo or Dharmais Hospitals. Results Hypertension occurred in 6 (10%) of 60 newly diagnosed ALL patients and 8 (20%) of 40 patients who had received high-dose corticosteroids, but the difference was not statistically significant (OR=2.25; 95%CI 0.72 to 7.07; P=0.239). Hypertension was reported in 8 of 29 subjects who received dexamethasone, but in none of the subjects who received prednisone. However, the difference in these subgroups was also not statistically significant. Renal enlargement was found in 1 of 14 hypertensive patients, but it was not associated with hypertension (OR=0.80; 95%CI 0.52 to 1.24; P=0.417). Hyperleukocytosis was also not associated with hypertension (OR= 0.79; 95% CI 0.20 to 3.11; P=1.000). Conclusion The incidence of hypertension in ALL patients was 14%. Hypertension is not associated with renal infiltration or hyperleukocytosis. Furthermore, hypertension is not associated with corticosteroid dose, though is found only in subjects who receive dexamethasone. [Paediatr Indones. 2014;54:372-6.].
Mortality, length of hospital stay, and nutritional status improvement in severely malnourished children with HIV infection in a tertiary center Yoga Devaera
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 52 No 6 (2012): November 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (103.286 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi52.6.2012.362-6

Abstract

Background Severe malnutrition contributes to child mortalityrates, especially in children under five HIV infection further increases the risk of death.Objective To evaluate the impact of HIV infection on mortality,length of hospital stay and improvement of nutritional status inseverely malnourished inpatients under five Methods This retrospective study included children aged less than5 years and admitted to a terti ary hospital for severe malnutrition.We excluded those with incomplete data, as well as thosetransferred to other hospitals or discharged against medical advice.Outcome measures were live/death status, length of hospital stayand improvement of nutritional status (weight gain and improvedweight􀁀for􀁀height Z score).Results Of 104 eligible patients, 97 were included as studysubjects. Their mean ages were 25.8 (SD 17.3) months forHIY-infected children and 16.3 (SD 15.3) months for HIYuninfectedchildren. Death occurred in 31.8% and 18.7% ofHIV􀁀infected and uninfected subjects, respectively. Medianlength of hospital stay was 14.5 (range 5􀁀51) days and 11(range 1􀁀99) days, respectively. There were no statisticallysignificant differences in between the two groups. Weight􀁀for􀁀height Z scores (WHZ) onadmission and discharge in HIV􀁀infected children were lowerthan those of uninfected children, but the weight gain (medianweight gain of 0.45 (-0.26 to 1.9) kg vs 0.38 (-0.81 to 2.2) kgin HIV􀁀infected and uninfected children, respectively) andimprovement of WHZ [1 (SD 1.1) vs 0.9 (SD 1), respectively]were similar.Conc l usion Severely malnourished children with HIVinfection had higher mortality rate, and longer hospitalizationsthan the uninfected group, although the differences were notstatistically signific ant. They also had lower mean WHZ scoresat admission and discharge, butnutritionalimprovement wassimilar to those who were HIV􀁀negative. [Paediatr Indones.2012;52:362-6].
Critical site differences of fusion protein between wildtype and vaccine measles virus strains in Indonesia Made Setiawan; Agus Sjahrurachman; Fera Ibrahim; Agus Suwandono
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 51 No 3 (2011): May 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (248.395 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi51.3.2011.123-7

Abstract

Background Measles virus can cause high morbidity and mortality in infants and children. Fusion glycoprotein (F protein) found in the viral envelope is important for the host cell infection mechanism. F protein is immunogenic and may cause specific immune responses in the host. High variability is found in the F protein gene of vaccine viral strains compared to 'Wild type strains. This amino add sequence variability may result in a less specific immune response against other strains, possibly rendering thevaccine to be less effective.Objective To detennine the amino add sequence differences in critical sites of F protein in Mld type and vaccine measles virus strains in Indonesia.Methods We compared amino acid sequences of three genotypes of Mld type measles virus (02, 03 and D9) to those of the vaccine strains, CAM􀀸 70, Schwarz, and Edmonston􀀸wt type measles virus.Resul ts Analysis showed that there were differences at Fl􀀸F2 cleavage site, B cell epitopes, and H protein binding site between the CAM􀀸70 vaccine viral strains and Mld type strains. Schwarz vaccine strain differed from the wild type strains at the H protein binding site. A 03 wild type strain potential glycosylation site was also different from all other strains studied.Conclusion There were differences in the critical sites of F protein between Mld type strains and the CAM􀀸70 and Schwarz vaccine strains. 
Effect of zinc supplementation on morbidity among stunted children in Indonesia Rustam Siregar; Lilisianawati Lilisianawati; Endang Dewi Lestari; Harsono Salimo
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 51 No 3 (2011): May 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (103.982 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi51.3.2011.128-32

Abstract

Background The Indonesian Health Ministry reported that 35 .6% of Indonesian children and up to 50% in certain regions have stunted growth. They are at high risk of chronic zinc deficiency. Inadequate zinc intake may result in an impaired immune sy stem and high incidence of morbidity. Zinc supplementation is knO\Vll to improve immune status thus reducing the incidence of morbidity among stunted children.Objective To evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation on morbidity incidence among stunted Indonesian school children. Methods We evaluated the effects of daily zinc supplementation (2.38 mg of zinc􀁇supplemented milk) on the incidence of diarrhea, respiratory infections, and fever in a double􀁇blind, randomized, controlled trial in 169 stunted children (zinc􀁇supplemented n=84; placebo n=85) aged 7 to 9 years in Jakarta and Solo. Zincsupplementation and morbidity surveillance were perfonned for 6 months.Results Compared to the first 3 months of intervention, zinc supplementation resulted in a reduction in the incidence of diarrhea, respiratory infections, and fever during the second three months (by 67%, 42%, and 30%, respectively). Children from the zinc􀁇supplemented group tended to have a lower episodic incidence of diarrhea and fever than those from the placebo group, although neither of these differences was statistically significant (P< 0.45,95% CI 0.63 to 0.89).Conclusion Zinc supplementation has no significant effect in reducing the incidence of diarrhea, respiratory infections, and fever in stunted children although tended to have a lower episodic incidence. 

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