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Genotyping of Rotavirus by Using RT-PCR Methods Nirwati, Hera; Wibawa, Tri; Aman, Abu Tholib; Soenarto, Yati
Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 18, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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There is a great diversity of rotavirus genotypes circulating worldwide, with dominant genotypes changing from year to year. Rotavirus genotyping was performed by using reverse transcription PCR with type-specifi c-primers. Since rotavirus is a RNA virus that has high mutation rate, there was a possibility of technical diffi culty in genotyping due to mutation in the primer binding sites. During Indonesian rotavirus surveillance study 2006-2009, it was reported that 17% of samples subjected for G type and 21% of samplessubjected for P type were untypeable. The objective of this study was to identify genotypes of the samples that were untypeable previously using RT-PCR based on the method described by Das et al. (1994) and Gentsch et al. (1992). There were 30 samples subjected to G type and 61 samples subjected to P type to be re-typed using method described by Gouvea et al. (1990) and Simmond et al. (2008) for G and P typing, respectively. By using another set of primer, the genotype of all samples was identifi ed. This study highlights the importance of a constant reconsideration of primer sequences employed for the molecular typing of rotaviruses.Key words: rotavirus, G typing, P typing

PENGARUH MEDIA EDUKASI BOOKLET TENTANG PENCEGAHAN DIARE DAN PNEUMONIA SECARA TERPADU TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN IBU Hutasoit, Masta; Soenarto, Sri Suparyati; Widiyandana, Widiyandana
Media Ilmu Kesehatan Vol 6 No 2: MIK Agustus 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat FKes Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30989/mik.v6i2.216

Background: Nearly one-third of child deaths worldwide is due to diarrhea and pneumonia. Every hour, 200 children die because of both diseases. These diseases risk factors are overlapping that children are not given exclusive breastfeeding, do not of handwashing with soap, incomplete immunizations and environmental sanitation factors. Other risk factor is lack of mother’s knowledge in preventing diarrhea and pneumonia. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the influence of adding booklet media towards to changes in mother’s knowledge on comprehensive diarrhea and pneumonia prevention. Method: This research was a quasi-experimental design research with pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. Research subjects were mothers who had toddler aged 0-59 months many as 167 respondents. The sample selection was held randomly with cluster sampling technique. Data collection used questionnaire. Wilcoxon Sign Rank and Mann Whitney Test was performed for bivariate statistics analysis with significance level of 0.05 and confidence level of 95%. Result: There was an increasing knowledge after the health education delivery in both groups. The average enhancement was significantly different in statistics with control group (p=0.001; α=0.05). Conclusion: Health education by utilizing proven education media of booklets on the enhancement of toddler mother related to the comprehensive diarrhea and pneumonia an integrated especially in the aspect of diarrhea.   Keywords: booklets, diarrhea and pneumonia, knowledge.

EVALUASI TERAPI REHIDRASI DAN MENERUSKAN NUTRISI UNTUK DIARE AKUT TANPA DEHIDRASI PADA ANAK BALITA DI RSUD DI BANTUL Ignasia Nila Siwi; Patricia Suti Lasmani; Yati Soenarto
Jurnal Kesehatan Madani Medika (JKMM) Vol 7 No 2 (2016): Jurnal Kesehatan Madani Medika
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Madani Yogyakarta

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Background: Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of death in children under five (WHO, 2013 & 2016). The main causes of infant and child deaths from diarrhea are severe dehydration (IDHS, 2012). Bantul Regency is one of the districts that has a high number of diarrhea cases in DIY. Diarrhea cases in Bantul district in 2014 were 20,729 cases or 26.87% of the total cases of diarrhea in DIY (DIY Profile, 2015). Objective: To evaluate the indicators of rehydration therapy and continue the nutrition for acute diarrhea without dehydration in children under five in Panembahan Senopati General Hospital. Method: This research is a case study with an explanatory descriptive design. The source of evidence used was documentation of medical records of patients with acute diarrhea without dehydration in children under five June-August 2016 as quantitative data, triangulation was carried out by observation, FGD and interviews as qualitative data. Results: Management of rehydration therapy and continuing food and / or breast milk still need to be improved (n = 30), namely 27% rehydration therapy and 23% continue to eat and / or breast milk no documentation due to limited documentation time but edited. Conclusion: There is a mismatch of management of rehydration therapy and continued eating and / or breast milk due to limited time in documentation.

Surveillance of Rotavirus Diarrhea in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung Prasetyo, Dwi; Martiza, Iesje; Soenarto, Yati
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 42, No 4
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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The diarrhea morbidity in Indonesia has increased, however, all the reports had not been done carefully, so thatÂ accurate surveillance are essential for improving quality of morbidity data. To determine the prevalence and clinicalÂ manifestations of rotavirus diarrhea and to characterize the circulating rotavirus strains, children below 5 years oldÂ who were admitted to Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung because of diarrhea, from January 2006 through MarchÂ 2007 were enrolled in a surveillance study and had stool specimens tested for the presence of rotavirus using enzymeÂ immunoassay (EIA). The strains of rotavirus were determined using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Rotavirus were detected in 47.8% analyzed samples (87/184), G and P-genotype of rotavirus were G[1]Â (37.5%) and P[6] (53.5%). Most subjects were males (56%), 6â€“11 months of age (35%). Most common clinicalÂ manifestations besides diarrhea were dehydration (72.7%) and vomiting (50%). Subjects with positive rotavirusÂ more common had dehydration (72% vs 28%) and vomiting (61% vs 39%). In conclusion, vomiting and dehydrationÂ are the prominent clinical manifestations of diarrhea with positive rotavirus infection. G1 and P6 are the mostÂ common genotype of rotavirus. [MKB. 2010;42(4):155â€“60].Key words: Clinical manifestations, diarrhea, genotype, prevalence, rotavirusÂ Surveilans Diare Rotavirus di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin BandungMorbiditas diare di Indonesia meningkat, tetapi semua laporan belum dilakukan secara cermat, sehingga surveilansÂ yang akurat penting untuk memperbaiki kualitas data. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan prevalensi dan manifestasi klinis diare rotavirus serta karakteristik strain rotavirus, anak usia di bawah 5 tahun yang dirawat karenaÂ diare di RS Hasan Sadikin, Bandung, dari Januari 2006 sampai Maret 2007, diikutsertakan dalam suatu penelitianÂ surveilans dan spesimen fesesnya diperiksa untuk mendeteksi adanya rotavirus dengan menggunakan enzymeÂ immunoassay (EIA). Strain rotavirus diperiksa dengan reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Â Rotavirus terdeteksi pada 47,8% sampel analisis (87/184), genotipe-G dan P adalah G[1] (37,5%) dan P[6] (53,5%)Â dari strain. Kebanyakan subjek adalah laki-laki (56%) usia 6â€“11 bulan (35%). Manifestasi klinis terbanyak adalah dehidrasi (72,7%) dan muntah (50%). Subjek dengan rotavirus positif lebih sering mengalami dehidrasi (72% vsÂ 28%) dan muntah (61% vs 39%). Simpulan, muntah dan dehidrasi adalah manifestasi klinis terbanyak pada diareÂ dengan infeksi rotavirus. Genotipe G1 dan P6 merupakan genotipe rotavirus yang paling sering ditemukan. [MKB.2010;42(4):155â€“60].Kata kunci: Diare, genotipe, manifestasi klinis, prevalensi, rotavirusÂ DOI:Â http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v42n4.29

PENGARUH MEDIA EDUKASI BOOKLET TENTANG PENCEGAHAN DIARE DAN PNEUMONIA SECARA TERPADU TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN IBU Hutasoit, Masta; Widiyandana; Suparyati Soenarto, Sri
MEDIA ILMU KESEHATAN Vol 6 No 2 (2017): Media Ilmu Kesehatan
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Yogyakarta

Background: Nearly one-third of child deaths worldwide due to diarrhea and pneumonia. Every hour, 200 children die because of both disease. This disease risk factors are overlapping that children are not given exclusive breastfeeding, do not of handwashing with soap, incomplete immunizations and environmental sanitation factors. Other risk factor is lack of mothers knowledge in preventing diarrhea and pneumonia. Objective: To identify the influence of adding booklet media towards to changes in motherâ€™s knowledge on comprehensive diarrhea and pneumonia prevention. Method: This research is using quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. Research subjects were mothers who had toddler aged 0-59 months many as 167 respondents. The sample selection was held randomly with cluster sampling technique. Data collection used questionnaire. Wilcoxon Sign Rank and Mann Whitney Test was performed for bivariate statistics analysis with significance level of 0.05 and confidence level of 95%. Result: There was an increasing knowledge after the health education delivery in both groups. The average enhancement was significantly different in statistics with control group (p=0.001; Î±=0.05). Conclusion: Health education by utilizing proven education media of booklets on the enhancement of toddler mother related to the comprehensive diarrhea and pneumonia an integrated especially in the aspect of diarrhea. Keywords: Booklets, diarrhea and pneumonia, knowledge.

Genotyping of Rotavirus by Using RT-PCR Methods Hera Nirwati; Tri Wibawa; Abu Tholib Aman; Yati Soenarto
Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 18, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

There is a great diversity of rotavirus genotypes circulating worldwide, with dominant genotypes changing from year to year. Rotavirus genotyping was performed by using reverse transcription PCR with type-specifi c-primers. Since rotavirus is a RNA virus that has high mutation rate, there was a possibility of technical diffi culty in genotyping due to mutation in the primer binding sites. During Indonesian rotavirus surveillance study 2006-2009, it was reported that 17% of samples subjected for G type and 21% of samplessubjected for P type were untypeable. The objective of this study was to identify genotypes of the samples that were untypeable previously using RT-PCR based on the method described by Das et al. (1994) and Gentsch et al. (1992). There were 30 samples subjected to G type and 61 samples subjected to P type to be re-typed using method described by Gouvea et al. (1990) and Simmond et al. (2008) for G and P typing, respectively. By using another set of primer, the genotype of all samples was identifi ed. This study highlights the importance of a constant reconsideration of primer sequences employed for the molecular typing of rotaviruses. Key words: rotavirus, G typing, P typing

Severity and treatment level of acute gastroenteritis with rotavirus in children under 5 years in INDONESIA Fatma Othman Gdara; Jarir At Thobari; Yati Soenarto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 50, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Rotavirus diarrhea causing gastroenteritis in children under five years is an importantissue that urgently needs to be addressed globally. Delay in management of rotavirusdiarrhea can be fatal. Diagnostic tool for detecting rotavirus is, therefore, needed.However, until now the gold standard diagnostic tools are expensive, often not availableand affordable in health care settings. The aim of the study was to compare the Vesikariclinical severity score of rotavirus-positive with rotavirus-negative in hospitalized childrenwith acute gastroenteritis. Furthermore, the difference of the level of treatment betweenrotavirus-positive with rotavirus-negative was also evaluated. This was a cross sectionalstudy that using secondary data from medical records of five general teaching hospital inIndonesia. Subjects were children aged <5 years with acute watery diarrhea admitted tothe hospital. Statistical analysis used was chi square test, U-Mann Whitney, and KruskalWallis. The results showed that the patient with rotavirus positive have higher dehydration(80.2%) compared to rotavirus negative (70%). The severity level of clinical feature washigher in diarrhea due to rotavirus positive than non rotavirus (11.47± 2.89 vs 10.41± 2.70; p<0.000). The level of treatment was higher in rotavirus positive. The majorityhad treatment plan C (47.7%) higher than plan B and A (45.6% and 30.9%; p<0.050).This was opposite with patient with rotavirus negative that majority had treatment inplan A (69.1%) higher than plan B and C (54.4% and 52.3%) (p<0.001). In conclusion,the severity of gastroentrities in children under 5 years using vesikari score are higher indiarrhea due to rotavirus positive than non rotavirus. The treatment level plan C is higherthan plan B and A in diarrhea due to rotavirus. This is opposite with non rotavirus majorityhave treatment in plan A higher than plan B and C.

Trends of Rotavirus Diarrhea in Hospitalized Children in Yogyakarta Year 2013 –2015 Nenny Sri Mulyani; Dian Anggraini; Retno Palupi Baroto; Asal Wahyuni Erlin Mulyadi; Rizki Anindita; Yati Soenarto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 50, No 1 (2018): SUPPLEMENT
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Diarrhea, together with pneumonia, is accountable for 25% death of children under five globally (IVAC, 2017). In Indonesia, diarrhea is also among the top ten diseases of cause of death in children under five (WHO, 2015). Rotavirus diarrhea is responsible for 60% in 2006 (Soenarto et al, 2009) of children diarrhea in Indonesia. Rotavirus vaccine in Indonesia was introduced commercially in 2011, nonetheless its use was reportedly low. Despite the declining rate of rotavirus incidence, surveillance is important to show the burden of rotavirus diarrhea in children. Thus, this study aims to describe the incidence of rotavirus diarrhea in hospitalized children under five in Yogyakarta province. This was a prospective study, conducted in two participating hospitals in Yogyakarta: RSUP Sardjito Yogyakarta and RSUD Wates from January 2013 – December 2015. This study is a part of the Indonesia surveilance entitled “Hospital-based surveillance of rotavirus diarrhea in children in Indonesia”, enrolling children under five hospitalized due to acute watery diarrhea. The questionare was modified from the WHO generic protocol of rotavirus surveillance (WHO, 2002). Data collection was perfomed after informed consent was signed by parent or guardian. The stool samples were tested for rotavirus with the EIA test and tested for genotyping with RT-PCR. The data were analysed and presented using descriptive analytic method. Of 684 eligible patients hospitalized with acute watery diarrhea, 557 subjects were enrolled with 518 feces were tested for rotavirus. The percentage of rotavirus incidence in year 2013, 2014, and 2015 were 37%, 41% and 61 % respectively. The predominant rotavirus genotyping was G3P [8]. Rotavirus mostly found in children age 6 – 23 months (55 %), and was identified more in male than female (62 % vs 38%). During the 3 years study period, rotavirus occurred all year round, and showed to reach its peak on January 2015. Rotavirus positive diarrhea commonly presented with dehydration (79%) compare to negative rotavirus diarrhea (55%). It indicated that the incidence rate of rotavirus diarrhea in Yogyakarta is quite high and rotavirus diarrhea remains as significant contributor to hospitalized children with diarrhea. The trend of rotavirus diarrhea in children under 5 years increased over the years’ period. The rotavirus diarrhea mostly presented with dehydration, thus rotavirus diarrhea remains as significant contributor to hospitalized children with diarrhea. This shows an evidence that the burden of rotavirus diarrhea in children under 5 years remains prominent.

NEED ASSESSMENT PERENCANAAN PULANG ANAK DIARE Ika Purnamasari; Fitri Haryanti; Yati Soenarto
PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL & INTERNASIONAL 2014: PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL KEPERAWATAN
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

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Diare merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sangat lazim terjadi pada anak dan menjadi penyebab utama angka kematian anak baik di dunia maupun di Indonesia. Kegiatan perencanaan pulang harus menjadi salah satu intervensi pada perawatan anak diare di rumah sakit karena denganpemberian perencanaan pulang, dapat mengurangi dampak dari suatu keadaan kesehatan, meningkatkan kepuasan sekaligus mencegah rehospitalisasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengeksplorasi kebutuhan pasien dan keluarga untuk perencanaan pulang anak diare ditinjau dariperspektif orang tua, dokter, perawat, dan ahli gizi di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan exploratif single case study dengan holistic unit analysis. Penentuan responden dengan purposive sampling. Responden berjumlah 14 orang yang terdiri atas 6 orang tua, 2 dokter spesialis anak, 5 perawat dan 1 ahli gizi. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam dan diskusi kelompok terarah. Analisis data dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif terhadap kasus. Hasil: Kebutuhan yang teridentifikasi dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas tiga kategori utama yaitu kebutuhan terhadap informasi yang meliputi informasi tentang penyakit diare dan perawatannya, kebutuhan pelayanan oleh dokter, perawat dan ahli gizi serta kebutuhan metode pemberian perencanaan pulang yang meliputi waktu, tempat, metode dan media.Kata kunci: anak, diare, need assessment, perencanaan pulang

SEMBILAN LANGKAH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TENTANG PERAWATAN DAN PENCEGAHAN DIARE Musta ida; Fitri Haryanti; Yati Soenarto
PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL & INTERNASIONAL 2014: PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL KEPERAWATAN
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

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Diare merupakan masalah kesehatan utama pada anak dan penyebab kematian kedua di dunia setelah pneumonia. Kejadian diare akut pada anak di rumah sakit di Wonosobo tahun 2013 menduduki urutan pertama dari keseluruhan penyakit anak. Salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya diare dan meningkatnya risiko anak untuk dirawat adalah kurang pengetahuan. Keterlibatan ibu dalam perawatan anak diare sangatlah penting, sehingga diperlukan pendidikan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian mengidentifikasi pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan dengan 9 (sembilan) langkah terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap ibu dalam merawat pasien balita diare. Penelitian quasi experimental design dengan rancangan nonrandomized control group pre test post test. Responden berjumlahh 33 ibu dari balita penderita diare di dua rumah sakit di Wonosobo pada masingmasing kelompok (kelompok intervensi dan kontrol). Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan 9 langkah dari Gagne dengan media booklet dan video dari MTBS. Analisis data menggunakan Paired T test, T test independent. Hasil penelitian, karakteristik responden meliputi usia, pendidikan, pendapatan, pengalaman dan pernah mendapat informasi dari kedua kelompok adalah homogen. Hasil post test antara kelompok intervensi dan kontrol terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (α=0,05) pada rata-rata nilai pengetahuan (p=0,007) dan sikap (p=0,047). Rata-rata peningkatan nilai pengetahuan dan sikap antara kelompok intervensi dan kontrol menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p=0,000). Pendidikan kesehatan dengan 9langkah, berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu dalam merawat pasien diare.Rekomendasi, Pendidikan kesehatan 9 langkah sebaiknya digunakan dalam memberikan pendidikan kesehatan di tempat pelayanan kesehatan agar terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap.Kata Kunci : diare, pendidikan kesehatan, perawatan diare balita.

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