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Paediatrica Indonesiana

paediatrica-indonesiana
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Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia

ISSN : 00309311 EISSN : 2338476X DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.

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Articles 2,118 Documents

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Obesity and functional constipation in children Natasha Yuwanita; Atan Baas Sinuhaji; Tiangsa Sembiring; Supriatmo Supriatmo; Ade Rachmat Yudiyanto
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 58 No 1 (2018): January 2018
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Functional constipation is a common pediatric problem in both developed and developing countries. In the past two decades, the prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide. Obesity itself leads to many health problems, including functional constipation. Studies correlating obesity to functional constipation have thus far mostly originated from developed countries. Objective To assess for a possible correlation between obesity and functional constipation in children in a developing country. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Mukhlisin Islamic Boarding School, Batu Bara District, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia, between July and August 2015. The subjects were 150 students aged 12 to 17 years. Questionnaires were used to determine functional constipation and filled by direct interview. Obesity was determined by body mass index. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test. Results Of 150 children, 49 had functional constipation; and 18 of the 49 were obese. The mean age of children with constipation was 14.7 (SD 1.07) years (95%CI 14.1 to 14.7) and their mean body weight was 53.8 (SD 15.10) kg (95%CI 49.4 to 58.1). The prevalence for functional constipation in obese children was Â 58% There was a statistically significant correlation between obesity and functional constipation (prevalence ratio=4; 95%CI 1.72 to 8.94; P=0.001), indicating that obese children had 4 times higher risk of having functional constipation. Conclusion There is a significant correlation between obesity and functional constipation in children.

Correlation between gut pathogens and fecal calprotectin levels in young children with acute diarrhea Yanever Angela Lam; Sarah M. Warouw; Audrey M.I. Wahani; Jeanette I.C. Manoppo; Praevilia Margareth Salendu
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 4 (2014): July 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background In cases of acute diarrhea, it is difficult to distinguishbetween bact erial and non-bacterial causes . Increased fecalcalprotectin (f-CP) level is a marker of neutrophil migration in theintestinal lumen and is associated with intes tinal inflammation.Previous studies reported an increase in f-CP levels in childrenwith acute diarrhea, which is caused by bacteria, but only fewhave studied the relationship between intestinal pathogens withf-CP levels in acute diarrhea.Objective To assess for a correlation between gut pathogens andfecal calprotectin levels in children with acute diarrhea.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study between Julyto November 2012 on children aged 1-5 ye ars with acutediarrhea, and underwent routine blood tests, stool microscopy,f-CP tests, and stool cultures. We used a simple linear regressionand correlation analysis with a significance level of P< 0.05.Results Forty-two children enrolled in this study. The mean age ofsubjects was 2.27 (SD 134) years. Theirmeanf-CP level was 93.88(SD 14.68) Î¼g/g. On microscopic stool examination, 26 patients( 61.9%) had positive leukocytes, 1 had Ancy lo stoma duodenale, 1had Ascaris lumbricoides, and 2 had Blastocystis hominis. Positivestool cultures were found in 14 children (33.3%) with acutediarrhea. There was a significant positive correlation between gutpathogens and f-CP levels (r=0.605; P< 0.0001).Conclusion In young children with acute diarrhea, the averagef-CP levels are higher in those with positive intestinal pathogens.

Ursodeoxycholic acid in neonatal sepsis-associated cholestasis Rita Mey Rina; Hanifah Oswari; Pustika Amalia
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 4 (2014): July 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Sepsis-associated cholestasis (SAC) is an intrahepaticÂ cholestasis caused by inflammatory cytokines. Patients withÂ this condition have poor prognoses. Antibiotics are the mainstayÂ of therapy, however, other adjuvant therapies, such as ursodeoxycholicÂ acid (UDCA), have not been well established.Objective To assess the effect ofUDCA for treatment ofneonatalÂ sepsis-associated cholestasis.Methods We performed a randomized, double-blind, controlledÂ trial in 3 7 neonates who were diagnosed with sepsis-associatedÂ cholestasis in the Neonatal Care Unit of Cipto MangunkusumoÂ Hospital. Subjects were divided into two groups, with 19 neonatesÂ randomly allocated to the intervention group (received UDCA atÂ 30 tngikg/day divided into 3 doses for 7 days) and 18 neonates toÂ the control group (received placebo) . After 7 days of treatment, weÂ evaluated the subjects' liver function parameters and performed asurvival analysis.Results Liver function parameter improvements at day 7 were notÂ significantly different between the UDCA group and the controlÂ group, including for mean decrease of total bilirubin (TB) levels [2.2Â (SD 2.9) mg/dL vs 1.7 (SD 4.6) mg/dL; P=0.080), mean decreaseÂ of direct bilirubin (DB) levels [1.1 (SD 2.3) mg/dL vs 0.6 (SD 3.6)Â mg/dL; P=0.080), median indirect bilirubin (lB) levels [0.4 (rangeÂ 0.1- 5.6) mg/dL vs 0.9 (range 0.1-4.1) mg/dL; P=0.358) , meanÂ decrease of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels [0.5 (-80.0 -21.0) U/L vs -2.0 (ranged -167 .0 - 85.0) U/L; P= 0.730), medianÂ aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels [ 43 .0 (range 14.0-297 .0)Â U/L vs 150.0 (range 24.0-840.0) U/L; P=0.081), and medianÂ gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGf) levels [125.0 (48.0-481.0)Â U/L vs 235.0 (56.0-456.0) U/L; P=0.108)). Five neonates in controlÂ group died compared to two in the UDCA group (P=0.232). InÂ addition, UDCA did not significantly lengthen the survival timeÂ (hazard ratio/HR 3.62; 95%CI 0.69 to 18.77) .Conclusion Ursodeoxycholic acid tends to improve totalÂ bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and AST levels in sepsis associatedÂ cholestasis .

Serum nitric oxide and pediatric sepsis outcomes Ronald Chandra; Jose M. Mandei; Jeanette I. Ch. Manoppo; Rocky Wilar; Ari L. Runtunuwu; Phey Liana
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 4 (2014): July 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Sepsis is the complex pathophysiologic responsesof the host against systemic infection. Sepsis can cause severeconditions such as septic shock and multiple organ failure.Although we have a better understanding of the molecular basisof sepsis as well as aggressive therapy, the mortality rate remainshigh, between 20-80%. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the mediatorsassociated with cardiovascular failure, apoptosis and organdysfunction in sepsis.Objective To evaluate for a possible correlation between NOlevels and outcomes in pediatric sepsis.Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted at thepediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Prof. Dr. R.D. KandouGeneral Hospital in Manado, from June to November 2012. Fortychildren aged one month to five year old, fulfilled the InternationalPediatrics Sepsis Consensus Conference 2 005 criteria were recruited.Nitrite oxide metabolites (nitrite and nitrate) levels were measuredusing a calorimetric assay kit (CaymanÂ®, Catalog No.780001)from venous blood specimens collected at admission. All patientsreceived antibiotics empirically within an hour of the diagnosis.Outcomes of patients recorded were survivor or died, and lengthof stay in PICU.Results Mann-Whitney U test revealed a significant differencebetween median serum NO levels ins urvivors and those who died(18.60 vs. 36.50 fLM/L, respectively; P= 0.016).Conclusion Serum NO concentration is higher in those whodied than in survivors of pediatric sepsis. Specific NO inhibitionmay be beneficial in decreasing morbidity and mortality in thiscondition.

Activation of coagulation system and d-dimer levels in children with acute leukemia Harun Wijaya; Novie Amelia Chozie; Badriul Hegar
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 4 (2014): July 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background D-dimer is a molecule as result of breaking downof excessive fibrin formation from the activation of coagulationsystem. There is evidence of increased activation of coagulation inpatients with acute leukemia which was showed by the incrementof d-dimer levels.Objective To evaluate the incidence of activation of coagulationsys tem in children with acute leukemia before receivingchemotherapy.Method This cross-sectional study was performed at Dr. CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital. All newly-diagnosed children with acuteleukemia were included in this study, prior to their receiving anychemotherapy treatment. Blast count, prothrombin time (PTI),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTf), and D-dimer levelswere examined after the diagnosis was confirmed by morphology andimmunophenotyping studies on bone marrow specimens.Results Out of 22 subjects, 13 subjects had increased D-dimervalues. The median D-dimer level of this elevated group was 1,000(range 500-14, 700) n gfmL. In the acute myeloblastic leukemia(AML) patients, activation of coagulation was found in 7 out of 8subjects. The median D-dimer levels was 950 (range 100-14, 700)ng/mL. In the acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) patients, 6 outof 14 subjects had increased activation of coagulation with medianD-dimer level of 300 (range 100-3,800) ngfmL. Nine out of 10subjects with blast cells on peripheral blood smear had a medianD-dimer level of 1,000 (range 500-3,800) ng/mL. Both PT andAPTT were found normal in all subjects.Conclusion Activation of coagulation sys tem occurs at thetime of diagnosis as shown by increased D-dimer levels. Thecharacteristics of activation of coagulation system are differentbetween ALL and AML subjects, as well as between subj ects withpositive and negative blast counts on peripheral blood smears.Despite the increased activation of coagulation, PT and APTfremain normal.

Lipid profiles in smoking and non-smoking male adolescents Sigit Prastyanto; Mei Neni Sitaresmi; Madarina Julia
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 4 (2014): July 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background The prevalence of smoking in adolescentstends to increase. Smoking is associated with a higher risk ofdyslipidemia.Objective To compare the lipid profiles of tobacco-smoking andnon-tobacco-smoking male adolescents.Methods We performed a cross- sectional study in three vocationalhigh schools in Yogyakarta from January to April 2011. Dataon smoking status, duration of smoking and number cigarettesconsumed per day were collected by questionnaires. We randomlyselected 50 male smokers and 50 male non-smokers as the studysubjects.Results Mean differences between smokers and non-smokerswere 44.5 (95%CI 28. 7 to 60.1) mg/dL for triglyceride levels; 8.0(95% CI 1.0 to 14.9) mg/dL for low density lipoprotein (LDL)cholesterol; 11.8 (1.1 to 22.4) mg/dL for total cholesterol and -5.7mg/dL (95% CI -8.8 to -2.6) for high density lipoprotein (HDL)cholesterol. Mean differences (95% CI) between smokers whohad engaged in smoking for > 2 years and those who had smokedfor :S:2 years were -18.1 (95% CI -33 .9 to -2.3) mg/dL for totalcholesterol; -49.4 (95% CI -67.2 to -3 1.5) mg/dL for triglycerides.Mean differences between those who smoked > 5 cigarettes/dayand :s:5 cigarettes per day were -18 .4 (95% CI -32.8 to -4.1) mg/dL for total cholesterol and -29.1 (95% CI -53.6 to -4.6) mg/dLfor triglycerides.Conclusion Smoking more than 5 cigarettes/day significantlyincreases total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceridelevels, as well as reduces HDL cholesterol levels; while smokingmore than 2 years significantly increases total cholesterol andtriglyceride levels

Consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and hypertension in obese children Mohammad Sulchan
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 4 (2014): July 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Obesity has become an increasingly important medicalproblem in children. Obesity-induced hypertension in childhoodshould be considered as a chronic medical condition that is likelyto require long-term management of dietary patterns, especially forenergy-dense, nutrient-poor (EDNP) food consumption.Objective To examine the contribution ofEDNP foods to dailyenergy and macronutrient intakes and to examine the relationshipbetween intake of EDN P foods and the prevalence of hypertensionin children.Methods Four hundred and forty children were randomly selectedto participate. Weight and height were measured with precisionelectronic scales and fixed microtoise, respectively. Blood pressure(BP) measurements were performed by standard procedure. A24-hour dietary recall was obtained by a trained interviewer todetermine the intake of EDNP foods, which were clas sified to 4major groups: visible fat, sweeteners, desserts, or salty snacks.The difference in mean was evaluated using paired Ttest.Logistic models were fitted to assess for an association betweenhypertension and the various characteristics.Results The proportion of children who were overweight (includingobese) was 23 .2%. The prevalence of elevated BP was 10.5%, similarin boys and girls, with most of them having isolated elevated sys to lieBP. There was a relationship between BP and body mass index(BMI) in all children. Approximately 27% of total daily energyintake was contributed by all EDNP foods. Of the EDNP foodsubgroups examined, dessert and sweeteners contributed nearly20% of total daily energy intake. In the highest one-third of subjectswho consumed EDNP food, these foods provided 49% of total dailycarbohydrate intake and 34% of total daily fat intake.Conclusion Eating patterns ofEDNP foods provide 49% of totaldaily carbohydrate intake and 34% of total daily fat intake. ThisEDNP food is independently associated with hypertension inchildren.

Study of blood pressure in elementary school children at hill and seashore areas Ani Ariani; T Erna Lisma; Iskandar Z Lubis; Rafita Ramayati; Rusdidjas Rusdidjas
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 43 No 1 (2003): January 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Measurement of blood pressure is the most impor-tant tool for early detection of hypertension. There is an assump-tion that salt consumption of the population living at the seashoreis higher than that of those living on the hill area, and it would leadto higher blood pressure.Objective To find out whether there is any difference of bloodpressure between school-age children (6-13 years) living on thehill area (Brastagi subdistrict) and those living at the seashore area(Pantai Cermin sub district), North Sumatra.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in Brastagi andPantai Cermin from September to October 1995. The subjects weretaken by a simple random sampling method. The blood pressurewas measured based on recommendation of The Second TaskForce on Blood Pressure Control in Children 1987.Results The means systolic pressure in boys of 6 years of age aswell as in girls of 6,8,12 and 13 years, and the means of diastolicpressure in girls of 6,7,8,11 years were higher in Pantai Cermin(p<0.05). Blood pressure had significant positive correlations(p<0.001) with age, weight and height in both areas. Overall, hy-pertension was found in 117 (11%) out of 1065 children, 11.6%among girls and 10.6% among boys. On the hill and at seashorearea, hypertension was found in 10.2% and 11.8% of children re-spectively, which was not statistically different (p>0.05).Conclusion In children, there was no significant difference be-tween the prevalence of hypertension on hill and seashore area

Peak expiratory flow rate of primary school children in high and low air pollution level areas Ismart Edy Hasibuan; M Nur Supriatmo; A Faisal; Gabriel Panggabean; Ridwan M Daulay; Zakaria Siregar; Helmi M Lubis
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 43 No 1 (2003): January 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Chronic inhalation of air pollutants may causebronchoconstriction, bronchiolitis, and edema of airway, thus alterlung volume. To measure the lung volume, a simple lung functiontest, the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), can provide a feature oflung volume in liters/minute.Objective The purpose of this study was to measure PEFR val-ues of primary school children in a high air pollution level area(Medan) and compare the results with the PEFR values of those ina low air pollution level area (Tebing Tinggi).Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on primary schoolchildren (10-12 years of age) during May-July 2000 in Medan andTebing Tinggi. Data were obtained by questionnaires. Physical ex-amination included age, sex, height, weight, and PEFR value. PEFRvalues were measured by Mini Wright peak expiratory flow meter(MPFM) from three blows. The highest volume was taken as thePEFR value. Statistical analysis was done by t-test and p<0.05was considered significant.Results There were 212 primary school children eligible for thisstudy; 107 came from the high air pollution level area and 105from the low air pollution level area. The PEFR values did not dif-fer significantly between the two groups (p>0.05)Conclusion PEFR values in a high air population level area werenot statistically different compared with those in low air pollutionlevel area

Characteristics and prognostic factors of intracranial hemorrhage in children Made Kardana; Komang Kari; Made Widia
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 43 No 1 (2003): January 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Objective Finding the characteristics and risk factors associatedwith prognosis in children suffering from intracranial hemorrhage.Methods This was a retrospective medical record review of chil-dren (older than 1 month old) admitted with intracranial hemor-rhage to the Department of Child Health the Sanglah Hospital,Denpasar, during the period of January 1998 to December 2000.Prognostic factors were identified by chi-square and multivariateanalysis with significance of p<0.05Results There were 56 patients eligible for the study. Among themwere 35 (63%) males and 21 (27%) females. Forty-three (77%)were less than one year of age, 40 (71%) without history of traumaand the major clinical manifestation was paleness (89%). The mostcommon location was subdural bleeding, 21 patients (38%). Fac-tors associated with prognosis was the bleeding location (p<0.05)Conclusions Intracranial hemorrhage was more common in malesand in infants. The most common clinical manifestation was pale-ness. Bleeding location was associated with prognosis

Page 62 of 212 | Total Record : 2118

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