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KONTRIBUSI MAKANAN JAJAN DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK TERHADAP KEJADIAN OBESITAS PADA REMAJA DI KOTA SEMARANG Pramono, Adriyan; Sulchan, Mohammad
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 37, No 2 (2014): September 2014
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v37i2.158

Abstract

Kejadian obesitas pada remaja meningkat di Indonesia. Peningkatan derajat kemakmuran berkorelasi dengan perubahan gaya hidup. Remaja lebih gemar jajan diluar rumah dan tidak banyak melakukan aktivitas fisik rutin seperti olah raga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kontribusi makanan dan aktivitas fisik terhadap kejadian obesitas pada remaja di Semarang. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional dengan pendekatan kasus kontrol (1:1). Dengan teknik acak sederhana, sejumlah 148 remaja usia 12 – 15 tahun menjadi subjek penelitian setelah melalui screening status gizi. Penentuan obesitas didasarkan pada persentil IMT/U 95 persentil. Data asupan makanan jajanan dan aktivitas fisik diperoleh melalui wawancara kuesioner terstruktur. Uji hubungan dua variabel dilakukan dengan chi square. Uji regresi logistik dilakukan untuk mengetahui variabel paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian obesitas Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kontribusi makanan western fast food, makanan jajanan lokal dan tingkat aktivitas fisik terhadap obesitas (P 0,05). Model akhir regresi logistic menunjukkan kontribusi makanan jajan lokal yang mengandung lebih dari  300 kkal dan aktivitas fisik ringan memberi risiko masing masing sebesar 3,2 kali dan 5,1 kali menyebabkan obesitas pada remaja. Dapat disimpulankan bahwa makanan jajan yang mengandung lebih dari  300 kkal dan aktivitas fisik ringan berkontribusi terhadap kejadian obesitas remaja ABSTRACT CONTRIBUTIONS OF STREET FOOD AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TO ADOLESCENT OBESITY IN SEMARANG CITY The prevalence of adolescents obesity increased from time to time in Indonesia. Increasing of prosperity is correlated with changes in lifestyle. The lifestyles adopted among adolescents are interested  to buy eating street foods outside home and lack of physical activity as a result of high techology and spend more time outside home. The objective of the study is to study the contribution of street foods and physical activity to adolescents obesity in Semarang. This study is an observational study with case-control design (1case and 1 control). Simple random sampling was applied  after screening of nutritional status. A number of 148 adolescents aged 12-15 years became subjects of the study. Determination of obesity based on BMI percentile by age 95 percentile. Dietary intake of western fast foods, street foods and physical activity was obtained through interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Chi square test was performed to analyzed association between dependent and independent variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the most influential variables on adolescents obesity. The results showed that there is a significant association between dietary western fast foods, local street foods and physical activity levels to adolescents obesity (P 0.05). Logistic regression showed that local street foods 300 kcal and light physical activity contributed 3.2 times and 5.1 times  to adolescents obesity. In conclusion, street foods contained more than  300 kcal and light physical activity contributed to adolescent obesityKeywords:  street foods, adolescents obesity, physical activity
KONTRIBUSI MAKANAN JAJAN DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK TERHADAP KEJADIAN OBESITAS PADA REMAJA DI KOTA SEMARANG Pramono, Adriyan; Sulchan, Mohammad
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 37, No 2 (2014): September 2014
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (253.566 KB)

Abstract

Kejadian obesitas pada remaja meningkat di Indonesia. Peningkatan derajat kemakmuran berkorelasi dengan perubahan gaya hidup. Remaja lebih gemar jajan diluar rumah dan tidak banyak melakukan aktivitas fisik rutin seperti olah raga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kontribusi makanan dan aktivitas fisik terhadap kejadian obesitas pada remaja di Semarang. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional dengan pendekatan kasus kontrol (1:1). Dengan teknik acak sederhana, sejumlah 148 remaja usia 12 – 15 tahun menjadi subjek penelitian setelah melalui screening status gizi. Penentuan obesitas didasarkan pada persentil IMT/U > 95 persentil. Data asupan makanan jajanan dan aktivitas fisik diperoleh melalui wawancara kuesioner terstruktur. Uji hubungan dua variabel dilakukan dengan chi square. Uji regresi logistik dilakukan untuk mengetahui variabel paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian obesitas Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kontribusi makanan western fast food, makanan jajanan lokal dan tingkat aktivitas fisik terhadap obesitas (P< 0,05). Model akhir regresi logistic menunjukkan kontribusi makanan jajan lokal yang mengandung lebih dari  300 kkal dan aktivitas fisik ringan memberi risiko masing masing sebesar 3,2 kali dan 5,1 kali menyebabkan obesitas pada remaja. Dapat disimpulankan bahwa makanan jajan yang mengandung lebih dari  300 kkal dan aktivitas fisik ringan berkontribusi terhadap kejadian obesitas remaja ABSTRACT CONTRIBUTIONS OF STREET FOOD AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TO ADOLESCENT OBESITY IN SEMARANG CITY The prevalence of adolescents obesity increased from time to time in Indonesia. Increasing of prosperity is correlated with changes in lifestyle. The lifestyles adopted among adolescents are interested  to buy eating street foods outside home and lack of physical activity as a result of high techology and spend more time outside home. The objective of the study is to study the contribution of street foods and physical activity to adolescents obesity in Semarang. This study is an observational study with case-control design (1case and 1 control). Simple random sampling was applied  after screening of nutritional status. A number of 148 adolescents aged 12-15 years became subjects of the study. Determination of obesity based on BMI percentile by age > 95 percentile. Dietary intake of western fast foods, street foods and physical activity was obtained through interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Chi square test was performed to analyzed association between dependent and independent variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the most influential variables on adolescents obesity. The results showed that there is a significant association between dietary western fast foods, local street foods and physical activity levels to adolescents obesity (P <0.05). Logistic regression showed that local street foods > 300 kcal and light physical activity contributed 3.2 times and 5.1 times  to adolescents obesity. In conclusion, street foods contained more than  300 kcal and light physical activity contributed to adolescent obesityKeywords:  street foods, adolescents obesity, physical activity
The Combination of Probiotic and Calcium Carbonate Decrease Monocyte Count of End-Stage Renal Disease Patient Yulistianingsih, Ari; Sulchan, Mohammad; Maryusman, Taufik; Chasani, Shofa
KEMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 13, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v13i3.10732

Abstract

Elevated monocyte count is correlated to the decrease of renal function and disease progressivity on end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Probiotic that utilize lactobacillus species is known to play a role in maintaining imunity system balance by inducing the monocyte apoptosis. The combination between probiotic and calcium carbonate could increase probiotic colonization in the gatrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of probiotic and calcium carbonate combination toward reduction of monocyte count on ESRD patient at Rumah Sehat Terpadu Dompet Dhuafa Bogor Hospital. This study was true experimental research with randomized pre-post test control group design. Twenty four ESRD patient were randomly enrolled into treatment group (n=12) and control (n=12). The treatment group received probiotic and calcium carbonate, whereas control group received standardized calcium carbonate for 21 days. There was a significant decrease of monocyte (p=0.03) after administration of probiotic and calcium carbonate.
Kadar seng dan kadar malondialdehyde pada penderita multi drug resistant tuberculosis dan tuberkulosis sensitif Suparno, Suparno; Suhartono, Suhartono; Sofro, Muchlis Achsan Udji; Sulchan, Mohammad; Tjahjono, Kusmiyati
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (403.743 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.7.1.8-14

Abstract

Background: Zinc is the main constituent element of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) which acts to protect cells from inflammation and the toxic effects of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). High ROS production induces fat peroxidation, and forms malondialdehyde (MDA) which causes oxidative stress.Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the difference of zinc and malondialdehyde levels among Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis and sensitive Tuberculosis.Methods: Crossectional study with 55 subjects consisted of 32 MDR-TB subjects and 23 subjects TB sensitive. Selection of subjects using consecutive sampling. Zinc and MDA serum was obtained from venous blood. Zinc and MDA concentration were assessed by quantitative colometric and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) respectively. Data were analized statistic by independent t-test and Mann Whitney test.Results: Zinc level of MDR-TB and TB sensitive were 74.85 (64 - 97) μg/dl and 73.03 (63 - 97) μg/dl respectively, while MDA of MDR-TB and sensitive TB were 2.262±1.055 nmol/mL and 2.66±0.992 nmol/mL. There was no significantly different in zinc level between MDR-TB and sensitive TB (p=1.000). Furthermore, there was not significantly different of MDA level between MDR-TB and sensitive Tuberculosis (p=0,147).Conclusion: There are no differences in zinc and MDA levels in patient between MDR-TB and sensitive TB.
Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas lingkar pergelangan tangan sebagai prediktor obesitas dan resistensi insulin pada remaja akhir Fitriyanti, Addina Rizky; Tjahjono, Kusmiyati; Sulchan, Mohammad; Sunarto, Sunarto
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 7, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (311.753 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.7.2.121-126

Abstract

Background: Obesity is one of the risk factors for insulin resistance. Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Wrist circumference has the potential for predicting obesity and insulin resistance.Objectives:. To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of wrist circumference against obesity and insulin resistance in late adolescents.Methods: The design of this study is a crossectional study with a sample of 85 students at Diponegoro University Semarang. Data collected consisted of anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, wrist circumference, neck circumference, waist circumference and pelvic girth) and blood vein sampling (fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin). Statistical analyses used in this study were Pearson or R Spearman correlation test.Results: Wrist circumference was positively correlated with all biochemical parameters and anthropometric measurements except the waist hip ratio. Wrist circumference correlates positively and significantly with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in male adolescents. The results of the ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC value of wrist circumference in male adolescents had better performance in predicting obesity (88% (95% CI, 76% - 100%)) than insulin resistance (81% (95% CI, 51% -100%)).Conclusion: Wrist circumference is one of the anthropometric measurements that can be used for predicting obesity and insulin resistance in late adolescents.
Kadar Serum Selenium Pada Remaja Akhir Usia 17-19 Tahun Berdasarkan Status Obesitas dan Stunting Hidayat, Yusuf; Sulchan, Mohammad; Panunggal, Binar
Journal of Nutrition College Vol 7, No 4 (2018): Oktober
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (559.268 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jnc.v7i4.22279

Abstract

Latar Belakang : Remaja yang obesitas dan stunting ditemukan mengalami penurunan kadar selenium di tubuh. Penurunan kadar selenium berdampak terhadap kejadian stress oksidatif yang merupakan prekursor berbagai masalah kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan perbedaan kadar serum selenium pada remaja akhir usia 17-19 tahun berdasarkan status obesitas dan stunting.Metode : Penelitian cross-sectional ini dilakukan pada 88  remaja usia 17-19 tahun yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok berdasarkan status obesitas dan stunting. Obesitas ditentukan dengan nilai WHtR >0.5 untuk perempuan dan >0.51 untuk laki-laki. Stunting ditentukan dengan TB/U >-2 SD. Kadar serum selenium ditentukan menggunakan ICP-OES. Perbedaan kadar serum selenium dianalisis dengan uji Annova.Hasil : Rerata kadar serum selenium pada kelompok stunted-obesity sebesar 277,5±96,4, stunted-non obesity 418±93,4, non stunted-obesity 304±64,9, dan non stunted-non obesity 330±112,2. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan kadar serum selenium pada kelompok.Simpulan : Kadar serum selenium pada seluruh kelompok tergolong lebih tinggi dibanding nilai normal. Kelompok stunted-obesity dan non stunted-obesity memiliki kadar serum selenium yang lebih rendah dibanding kelompok non stunted-non obesity, sedangkan kelompok stunted-non obesity memiliki kadar selenium serum yang lebih tinggi dibanding kelompok non stunted-non obesity.
HUBUNGAN RASIO LP/TB (LINGKAR PINGGANG TERHADAP TINGGI BADAN) DENGAN RASIO KADAR TG/HDL PADA REMAJA OBES SENTRAL Noer, Etika Ratna; Dewi, Luthfia; Tjahjono, Kusmiyati DK; Sulchan, Mohammad; Ardiaria, Martha
Journal of Nutrition College Vol 9, No 2 (2020): April
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (371.041 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jnc.v9i2.27487

Abstract

Latar belakang: Penanda aterogenik dan resistensi insulin pada subjek obesitas sentral yang akurat dan aplikatif dapat menggunakan rasio TG/HDL. Penelitian sebelumnya telah banyak diteliti tentang pemeriksaan HOMA-IR pada subjek dengan resistensi insulin. Rasio LP/TB diketahui lebih unggul dalam memprediksi risiko penyakit jantung koroner dibandingkan LP saja karena rasio ini merupakan indeks yang stabil pada ras, umur, dan jenis kelamin berbeda. Saat ini penelitian tentang hubungan rasio LP/TB dengan rasio TG/HDL pada subjek remaja obes masih terbatas.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan rasio LP/TB dengan rasio TG/HDL pada remajadengan obesitas sentral.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. Kriteria inklusi meliputi, remaja perempuan atau laki-laki, berusia 19-20 tahun,memiliki IMT > 25kg/m2 dan lingkar pingang >80cm untuk perempuan dan >90 cm untuk laki-laki. Berat badan menggunakan alat bio impedance analyzer. LP diukur menggunakan pita metlin statis. Pengambilan sampel darah untuk TG dan HDL melalui vena, setelah puasa semalam (10 jam) kemudian diuji menggunakan autoanalyzer. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Pearson dan Spearman rank test.Hasil: Kami menganalisis pada 56 remaja dengan obesitas sentral. Rerata LP (88,9 ± 8,67cm), kadar TG (105 ± 56,62mg/dL), HDL-c (45,3 ± 12,61mg/dL), rasio LP/TB (0,55 ± 0,04), rasio TG/HDL 2,3 ± 1,42). Ada hubungan signifikan antara rasio LP/TB dengan TG/HGL (r=0,386; p=0,003)Simpulan: Rasio LP/TB tinggi berkorelasi dengan peningkatan rasio TG/HDL-C pada remaja dengan obesitas sentral dan dapat digunakan sebagai penanda awal resiko metabolik
Antioxidant activity of soybean and gembus tempeh Sunarti Sunarti; Rosyida Awalia Safitri; Agustina LN Aminin; Mohammad Sulchan; Banundari Rahmawati
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 10, No 1: March 2021
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20511

Abstract

Soybean tempeh and gembus tempeh are traditional foods that have long been known in Indonesia, which in a modern way are classified as functional food. Various studies related to the antioxidant activity of soybean and gembus tempeh has been reported. This study aimed to compare the antioxidant capacity of soybean tempeh and gembus tempeh that are circulating in the community. The results of the research are expected to be an evaluation of soybean tempeh and gembus tempeh quality available in the market. The results of this research are expected to be an evaluation of soybean tempeh and gembus tempeh quality available in the market. The research design was a cross-sectional experimental study to measure antioxidants activity of 31 soybeans tempeh and 29 gembus tempeh. Sample of this study was selected through simple random sampling technique. The measurement of antioxidant activity carried out was the 2.2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method; ethanol extraction of 95%. Results revealed that the antioxidant activity of gembus tempeh was significantly higher than soybean tempeh; (32.521; 19.831) vs., (17.016; 13.195), respectively.
HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIK KITOSAN DENGAN KOMBINASI ENZIM ENDO-GLUCANASE DAN CELLOBIOHYDROLASE Nur Rokhati; Bambang Pramudono; Titik Istirokhatun; Mohammad Sulchan; Dyah Ayu Kresnianingrum; Luthfi Kurnia Dewi
Reaktor Volume 15 No.4 Oktober 2015
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (568.317 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.15.4.261-267

Abstract

Abstract CHITOSAN ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS USING A COMBINATION OF ENDO-GLUCANASE AND CELLOBIOHYDROLASE. Chitosan is very promising in various fields including medicine, pharmacology, and the food industry. However, the application of this polysaccharide is limited by its high molecular weight resulting in its low solubility in aqueous media. In this respect, the chitosan with shorter chain length, display a reduced viscosity and are soluble in aqueous media at pH values close to neutrality. The aim of this study is the hydrolysis of chitosan to obtain a low molecular weight chitosan using enzymes endo-glucanase and cellobiohydrolase. The hydrolysis of chitosan was carried out under a temperature of 40° C and pH 5. Chitosan degradation was monitored by the analysis of reducing sugars and viscosity, whereas the chemical characterization of chitosan is done by using test FTIR (infrared spectroscopy). The results showed that enzyme treatment resulted in a substantial loss in viscosity of the chitosan solution shows depolymerization. Depolymerization using endo-glucanase took place very quickly during the initial 15 minutes. The rate of viscosity decrease on chitosan degradation using cellobiohydrolase is lower than using endo-glucanase. When the reaction time was 4 h, the lowest  viscosity is showed by cellobiohydrolase, and the highest solubility is showed by combination of endo-glucanase and cellobiohydrolase. Keywords: endo-glucanase; cellobiohydrolase; chitosan; hydrolysis Abstrak Kitosan dapat dimanfaatkan di berbagai bidang seperti kedokteran, farmasi dan industri makanan. Aplikasi kitosan sering dibatasi oleh berat molekul kitosan yang tinggi sehingga viskositasnya tinggi dan kelarutannya rendah. Kitosan dengan rantai polimer pendek, akan mempunyai viskositas rendah, dan mudah larut pada larutan/air dengan pH mendekati netral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghidrolisis kitosan secara enzimatis menggunakan enzim endo-glucanase dan cellobiohydrolase. Hidrolisis kitosan dilakukan pada suhu 40 °C dan pH 5. Degradasi kitosan dipantau melalui analisa gula reduksi dan viskositas, sedangkan karakterisasi kimia kitosan dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji FTIR (infra red spectroscopy). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hidrolisis enzimatis kitosan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan berat molekul yang ditandai dengan adanya penurunan viscositas larutan kitosan. Pada 15 menit awal hidrolisis terjadi penurunan viskositas yang sangat besar. Laju penurunan viskositas enzim cellobiohydrolase lebih rendah dibanding dengan enzime endo-glucanase. Setelah waktu reaksi 4 jam, viskositas terendah diperoleh pada enzime cellobiohydrolase, sedangkan kelarutan tertinggi diperoleh pada kombinasi enzime endo-glucanase dan cellobiohydrolase. Kata kunci: endo-glucanase; cellobiohydrolase; kitosan; hidrolisis  
The role of Zinc Intake in Serotonin and Cortisol Level in Patient with Depression Tanjung Ayu Sumekar; Innawati Jusup; Natalia Dewi Wardani; Titis Hadiati; Mohammad Sulchan; Alifiati Fitrikasari
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol 8, No 1 (2022): April 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbtr.v1i1.13808

Abstract

Background: Low zinc levels affects the relationship between the glutamatergic and serotonergic systems in major depressive disorders that cause stress and inflammation. Decreased zinc in the hippocampus can activates the HPA axis associated with an increase in cortisol. Several studies documented the relationship between zinc and clinical depression, however further research including biological measurements is needed to support these studies.Objective: To observe the correlation between zinc intake with serotonin and cortisol serum in patient with depressionMethods: This was an observational study with cross sectional design. Subjects were patients with depression who came to Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Tugurejo Hospital, Diponegoro National Hospital and Permata Medika Hospital met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess daily zinc intake. The levels of serum serotonin and cortisol were measured using ELISA technique.Results: Of the 53 subjects, there was significant correlation between zinc intake with serotonin serum level (p=0,038), however there was no correlation between zinc intake with cortisol serum level (p=0,845)Conclusion: The higher zinc intake the higher serotonin serum level, however there was no correlation between zinc intake with cortisol serum level in patients with depression.