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Paediatrica Indonesiana

paediatrica-indonesiana
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Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia

ISSN : 00309311 EISSN : 2338476X DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 2,118 Documents

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Nutritional status of under-five pulmonary tuberculosis patients before and after six-month therapy Barita Sidabutar; Soepardi Soedibyo; Alan Tumbelaka
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 44 No 1 (2004): January 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious diseasewhich remains a health problem throughout the world including inIndonesia. The implementation of directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) strategy will hopefully increase patientâ€™s compli-ance, so that a minimum of 85% cure rate could be achieved. Thesuccess in coping with TB disease is expected to become one offactors that play role in providing a solution for malnutrition prob-lems in Indonesia, especially for those caused by TB.Objective The aim of this study was to determine the distributionof nutritional status of under-five TB patients before and after six -month therapy.Methods We reviewed under-five children with pulmonary TB vis-iting the Pediatric Pulmonology Outpatients Clinic of CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital from January 1999 to December 2001.Results Using the weight-for-age (W/A) indices, from 279 patients,the proportion of well-, under-, and severe-malnourished statuswas 36.9%, 60.2%, and 2.9%, respectively, and after 6-monththerapy it became 58.8%, 39.8%, and 1.4%, respectively.Conclusion After 6 months of therapy, the nutritional status of TBpatients increased

The role of indoor air pollution and other factors in the incidence of pneumonia in under-five children Sunyataningkamto Sunyataningkamto; Iskandar Z; Alan R T; Budiman I; Ahmad Surjono; Tunjung Wibowo; Endang Dewi Lestari; Dwi Wastoro
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 44 No 1 (2004): January 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background The World Health Organization has asked for a spe-cial attention to the relation between pneumonia and indoor airpollution, i.e., household biomass fuel smoke, cigarette smoke,and mosquito coil smoke, especially in developing countries.Objective To analyze the role of indoor air pollution and otherfactors as risk factors for pneumonia in under-five-year children.Methods This case-control study was carried out from August un-til December 2000 at Public Health Centers in Banjarnegara,Kebumen, Jepara, and Pekalongan districts. All children qualify-ing pneumonia classification as recommended by WHO in IMCI(Integrated Management of Childhood Illness) were defined ascases and without pneumonia as controls. Severe pneumonia andno pneumonia (as classified in IMCI) were excluded. Statisticalanalysis was done using bivariate and logistic regression.Results There were three hundreds and five children with pneu-monia and 289 children without pneumonia. By bivariate analysis,biomass fuel smoke (OR=3.25; 95%CI 1.50;7.07) and cigarettesmoke exposure from other family members (OR=1.63; 95%CI1.11;2.38) were risk factors for pneumonia, while mosquito coilsmoke (OR=1.13; 95%CI 0.79;1.69) was not. History of wheezing(OR=2.60; 95%CI 2.7;8.55), malnutrition (OR=2.60; 95%CI1.33;5.07), and male sex (OR=1.47; 95%CI 1.06;2.04) were otherrisk factors.Conclusions Household biomass fuel smoke and cigarette smokewere risk factors for pneumonia. Other variables as risk factorswere history of wheezing, male sex, and malnutrition

Touretteâ€™s syndrome Meita Dhamayanti; Isabella Riandani; Lelly Resna
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 44 No 1 (2004): January 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

The aim of this report was to show that mostbehavioral disorders need multidisciplinary manage-ment by behaviorist, neurologist, psychiatrist, psy-chologist and pedagogue, and to give more informa-tion about Touretteâ€™s syndrome so that it can be de-tected earlier. Therefore, children who suffer from itcan live a better life and develop their ability.

Association between early feeding of banana (Musa paradisiaca) and vomiting or abdominal distention in neonates Hananto Wiryo; M Hakimi; A Samik Wahab; Pitono Soeparto
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 44 No 2 (2004): March 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Objective To assess the relationship between banana given asearly solid food feeding and symptoms of intestinal obstruction (SIO)such as vomiting and abdominal distention among neonates.Methods A longitudinal cohort study was done in 1993 at a ruralcommunity of West Lombok District on Lombok Island, West NusaTenggara Province, Indonesia. There were 3420 neonates whowere followed up by interviewing their mothers until 28 days afterdelivery. The main outcome measure was the occurrence of SIO.Results Compared to infants who were not given solid food, therelative risk (RR) of SIO for infants given food other than bananaas early solid food feeding was 1.87 (95%CI 0.48;8.24), while forinfants given banana only as early solid food feeding, the RR was9.15 (95%CI 1.96;42.58). After the adjustments of birth weight, co-lostrum, and breast feeding, the odds ratio of SIO for infants givenbanana was 2.99 (95%CI 2.65;5.14).Conclusion Banana as early solid food for neonates feeding isan important risk factor for the occurrence of SIO

Comparison of clinical aspects and Mantoux test in tuberculosis versus non-tuberculosis superficial lymphadenitis Siti Nilawardhani; Helmi Lubis; Ridwan M Daulay; Gabriel Panggabean; Siti Mirhalina Hasibuan
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 44 No 2 (2004): March 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Objective To investigate the clinical aspects and result of Man-toux test in superficial lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacteriumtuberculosis (MTB) compared to that caused by non-MTB organ-isms.Methods This was a cross sectional study conducted on 86 pa-tients aged between 3 months and 14 year-old with enlargementof the superficial lymph nodes, 43 with tuberculosis superficial lym-phadenitis (TSL) and 43 with non-tuberculosis superficial lymphad-enitis (NTSL). The diagnoses of TSL and NTSL were confirmed byhistopathological examination. Clinical symptoms and Mantoux testwere examined in this study.Results In the TSL group, most children (70%) were in the age of>5-14 year-old, while in the NTSL, most (46%) were 1-5 years old.The most frequent chief complaint in the TSL group was fever(37%), while in the NTSL group, cough (49%) (p=0.004). Failure tothrive and loss of appetite were more frequently found in the TSL(70% and 35%) compared to the NTSL group (0 and 3%) (p=0.004).Most enlarged nodes in TSL were multiple (67%), while in NTSL,solitary (72%) (p<0.001). There were no differences in the locationand distribution of enlarged nodes between the two groups. Thirty-one (72%) children in the TSL group had positive Mantoux test,while in the NTSL group were only 2(5%) (p<0.001).Conclusions Most children with TSL had fever as the chief com-plaint while those with NTSL had cough. Children with TSL hadfailure to thrive, loss of appetite, multiple nodes, and positive Man-toux test more frequently compared to NTSL ones

Correlation between leukocyte aggregation score of cerebrospinal fluid and bacterial meningitis in children Meitha PE Togas; Nurhayati Masloman
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 44 No 2 (2004): March 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Bacterial meningitis is one of life-threatening dis-eases and carries a risk of sequelae in affected children. In termsof cost and rapid differentiation between bacterial and non-bacte-rial meningitis, several tests have been proposed.Objective This study aimed to determine the use of leukocyteaggregation score (LAS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in diagnos-ing bacterial meningitis.Methods A prospective analytic study was done from October 2001to July 2002 in the Department of Child Health, Medical School,Sam Ratulangi University/ Manado General Hospital. Children pre-senting with symptoms of meningitis, aged between 28 days and13 years were enrolled. LAS was counted in percentage. Regres-sion analysis was used to determine the correlation between LASand diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.Results CSF examinations were done on 35 meningitis patients.Three patients were excluded. The remaining 32 patients com-prised of 11 with bacterial meningitis and the other 21 with non-bacterial meningitis. The mean of LAS in bacterial meningitis wassignificantly higher than that of non-bacterial meningitis (p<0.001).The cut off value of LAS to diagnose bacterial meningitis was12.35%.Conclusion LAS may be used as a fast and simple alternativediagnostic tool to confirm the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis

Profile of alanine aminotransferase and hepatic iron accumulation in thalassemic patients with or without anti-hepatitis C virus Purnamawati S P; Pamela Kartoyo; Imral Chair; Julfina Bisanto; Hanifah Oswari
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 44 No 3 (2004): May 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Repeated blood transfusions in thalassemic patientscause iron accumulation in tissues and might impair organ func-tion. Other peril of blood transfusion is hepatitis C virus infection.Objectives This study aimed to find out the proportion of increasedalanine aminotransferase (ALT), increased transferrin saturation(TS), and positive anti hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) among thalas-semic patients and to get the profile of ALT among thalassemicpatients who have increased TS and positive anti-HCV.Methods This cross-sectional descriptive study was conductedon Î²- and Î²-HbE-thalassemic patients at the Thalassemia Outpa-tient Clinic, Department of Child Health, Medical School, Univer-sity of Indonesiaâ€“Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in May 2002.Results Subjects were 57 homozygous Î²-thalassemic and 33 Î²-HbE-thalassemic patients. No one had regular desferoxamine orhistory of splenectomy. Proportions of increased ALT, TS, and posi-tive anti-HCV were 76%, 78%, and 6%, respectively. Duration ofillness, total volume of packed red cell (PRC) transfusions, TS level,and positive anti-HCV seemed to have role in the increased pro-portion of subjects with increased ALT, whereas duration of illnessand total volume of PRC seemed to have role in the increased TS.Conclusion Factors that seem to have a role in the increasedproportion of subjects who had increased ALT and TS were (1)duration of illness, total volume of PRC transfusion, TS, and posi-tive anti-HCV; 2) duration of illness and total volume of PRC trans-fusion, respectively

Behavior and emotional problems in children with mental retardation Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko; Muzal Kadim; Bambang Madiyono; Mardjanis Said
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 44 No 3 (2004): May 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Behavior and emotional problems in a mentally re-tarded child can inhibit the educational process of the child.Objectives The aims of this study were to find out the prevalenceof behavior and emotional problems in children with mental retar-dation as reported by parents and to assess associated risk fac-tors consisting of motherâ€™s psychopathology, marital discord, malesex, childâ€™s age, socioeconomic status, and family size.Methods This cross sectional study was carried out on 63 chil-dren with mental retardation in a school for retarded children, SLBC Asih Budi I, from January until March 2003. Parents were inter-viewed at school and home using special questionnaires, the ChildBehavior Checklist (CBCL) and Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90).Results The prevalence of behavior and emotional problems inthis study was 52%. The majority of behavior and emotional prob-lems were anxious/depressed (18%) and withdrawn (16%). Malesex and age group of 12-18 year-old were not risk factors of be-havior and emotional problems (OR=0.49, p=0.190 and OR=1.14,p=0.94, respectively) while socioeconomic status, family size, andmotherâ€™s psychopathology were risk factors (OR= 4.08, p=0.008;OR=4.17, p=0.014; OR=9.28, p=0.018; respectively). There wasa correlation between behavior and emotional problems of chil-dren and marital discord.Conclusion The prevalence of behavior and emotional problemswas 52% in which the majority was internalizing disorder. Risk fac-tors for behavior and emotional problems were motherâ€™s psycho-pathology, four or more children in the family, low socioeconomicstatus, and marital discord

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of working and non-working mothers concerning immunization of underfive children Muhammad Ali; Ifan Eka Saputra; Adillida Adillida; Sri Sofyani; Iskandar Z Lubis
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 44 No 3 (2004): May 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Objective To compare the knowledge and attitude of working moth-ers (WM) and non-working mothers (NWM) concerning immuniza-tion in children.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on February, 18-23, 2002 at PT. Olagafood Industri, a noodle manufacture in TanjungMorawa, Medan. Subjects were female workers and non-workingwives of male workers who had under-five-year children. Motherswere interviewed using a questionnaire. Sample size for each groupwas 38. Degree of knowledge, attitude, and practice concerningimmunization were classified into good, insufficient, and bad.Results Mothersâ€™ age, educational level, and childrenâ€™s age werecomparable between the two groups. Ten WM and 8 NWM hadgood knowledge concerning immunization, which did not differ sig-nificantly (p>0.05). Good attitude toward immunization was foundin 25 WM and 12 NWM; it was a statistically significant difference(p<0.05). The practice of immunization showed similar result asthe attitude. The age of mothers had a significant relationship withthe degree of knowledge and practice, but not with attitude.Conclusion Degree of knowledge about immunization betweenWM and NWM are comparable, but differences exist in their atti-tude and performance

Association between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of intestinal worm infection in primary school children Sri Alemina Ginting; Isra Firmansyah; Dedi Satria Putra; Dachrul Aldy; Syahril Pasaribu; Chairuddin P Lubis
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 44 No 3 (2004): May 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background In Indonesia, medical problems are indicated bydiseases associated with low socioeconomic status. The preva-lence of intestinal worm is still high in Indonesia.Objective The purpose of this study was to find the associationbetween socioeconomic status and the prevalence of intestinalworm infection.Methods A cross sectional study was done on 120 primary schoolchildren in Suka Village, Karo District, North Sumatra Province.Subjects were selected by means of random sampling. Kato Katzmethod was used in stool examination. Socioeconomic status wasreferred from the Survey Keluarga Sejahtera (Wealth Family Sur-vey) 1998 by the BKKBN (the National Coordination Board onFamily Planning). Data of socioeconomic status were collected byinterview using a questionnaire and analyzed by chi square test; pvalue of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results Eighty-four subjects (70%) suffered from intestinal worminfection. There was no significant association between either age(p=0.811) or nutritional status (p=0.792) and intestinal worm infec-tion, but there was significant association between sex and intes-tinal worm infection (p=0.028). There was also association betweenintestinal worm infection and fatherâ€™s education (p=0.044). Motherâ€™soccupation had a significant association with intestinal worm in-fection (p=0.001), but fatherâ€™s occupation (p=0.474) did not. Nei-ther parentsâ€™ income (p=0.429) nor socioeconomic status (p=0.098)was associated with intestinal worm infection.Conclusion There was significant association between intestinalworm infection and sex, fatherâ€™s education or motherâ€™s occupation

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