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INDONESIA
Paediatrica Indonesiana
Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia
ISSN : 00309311     EISSN : 2338476X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,127 Documents
 77   78   79   80   81 
Male pseudohermaphroditism due to 5-alpha reductase type-2 deficiency in a 20-month old boy Ida Bagus Andhita; Wayan Bikin Suryawan
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 46 No 5 (2006): September 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2054.767 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi46.5.2006.236-40

Abstract

5-alpha-reductase (5-ARD) type 2 deficiencyis an autosomal sex-linked disorder, resulting inthe inability to convert testosterone to the morephysiological active dihydrotestosterone (DHT).DHT is the most potent androgen, bound selec-tively to the androgen receptors in genital skin andfibroblasts, making its action necessary for the de-velopment of normal male genital anatomy. SinceDHT is required for normal masculinizaton of theexternal genitalia in utero, genetic males with 5-ARD are usually born with ambiguous genitalia(male pseudohermaphroditism). The hallmarkof 5-ARD is elevated ratio of serum testosteroneto DHT. In healthy prepubertal children, thebaseline testosterone-to-DHT ratio is 1:2. Thispaper reports a 20-month old patient with malepseudohermaphroditism due to 5-alpha reductasetype-2 deficiency.
Comparison of clinical efficacy and safety between salbutamol-ipratropium bromide nebulization and salbutamol alone in children with asthmatic attack Lusiana Kartininingsih; Landia Setiawati; Makmuri M S
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 46 No 6 (2006): November 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (689.053 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi46.6.2006.241-5

Abstract

Background Indonesian guidelines for childhood asthma recom-mend giving ipratropium bromide when there are no improvementafter 2 times salbutamol nebulization. The efficacy and safety ofearly nebulization of ipratropium bromide combined with salbutamolas first line in moderate asthma exacerbation in children are stillunknown.Objective To compare efficacy and safety between nebulizedsalbutamol-ipratropium bromide and salbutamol alone in childrenwith moderate asthma exacerbation.Methods Fifty-two children (2-6 years) with acute asthma (clinicalscore 5-10) were enrolled into a randomized single blind controlledtrial comparing 2 groups of 2.5 mg nebulized salbutamol (group 1)and 2.5 mg salbutamol combined with 0.5 mg ipratropium bromide(group 2). Nebulization was given until clinical score decreased<5, maximum of 3 doses during 2 hours. Clinical measurementsincluded clinical score, oxygen saturation and side effects whichwere assessed every 20 minutes up to 120 minutes. Statisticaltest for homogeneity and comparison of clinical outcomes and sideeffects used independent t-test, Fisher’s exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test (P<0.05).Results The groups were similar in all baseline measures. Therewere significantly decreasing clinical score in groups 2 at 20, 40,60, 80, 100, and 120 minutes (P<0.05), and the means of oxygensaturation were significantly higher in group 2 at 20, 40, 60, 80,100, and 120 minutes (P<0.05). In group 1, 11.5% of patients werehospitalized after the study and none in groups 2 (P> 0.05). Therewere no toxic effects attributable to ipratropium bromide, and theside effects were not different between these two groups.Conclusion The combination of nebulized ipratropium bromideand salbutamol in a child with acute moderate asthma exacerba-tion was associated with higher reduction of clinical score and higheroxygen saturation, and may reduce hospitalization
Comparison of zinc-probiotic combination therapy to zinc therapy alone in reducing the severity of acute diarrhea Muhammad Hatta; Supriatmo Supriatmo; Muhammad Ali; Atan Baas Sinuhaji; Berlian Hasibuan; Fera Luna Nasution
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 51 No 1 (2011): January 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi51.1.2011.1-6

Abstract

Background Although the incidence of diarrhea in Indonesia has declined in the last five years, the mortality rate in children under five years old is still high. Therefore, appropriate and comprehensive management of diarrhea is essential. There have been many studies on the role of zinc therapy and probiotic therapy in reducing the severity of acute diarrhea, but not many studies have compared the use of a combination of the two therapies tozinc therapy alone.Objective To compare the efficacy of zinc-probiotic combination therapy to zinc alone in reducing the severity of acute diarrhea.Methods We conducted a randomized, open-label, controlled trial from July 2009 to January 2010 in Adam Malik Hospital and Pirngadi Hospital, Medan. Children aged between 1 month and 5 years who met the criteria were divided into two groups. Group I received zinc sulphate (aged <6 months: 10 mg/day; aged 2:6 months: 20 mg/day) combined with heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus (3x101O CFU/day) for 10 days. Group II received only zinc sulphate at the same dosage as group I. Measurement of disease severity was based on the frequency of diarrhea (times/day) and the duration of diarrhea (hours) after initial drug consumption.Results Eighty subjects were enrolled, randomised, and divided equally into two groups. 40 children received zinc-probiotic in combination (group I) and the remainder (group II) received zinc alone. We observed significant differences in frequency of diarrhea (2.1 vs 3.1 times/day, P=0.001, 95%CI -1.62 to -0.49), and duration of diarrhea (52.1 vs. 72.6 hours, P=0.00l, 95%CI -30.91 to -10.18) in the two groups.Conclusion Combination of zinc-probiotic therapy was more effective in reducing the severity of acute diarrhea than zinc therapy alone in children under five years of age.
Detecting proteinuria: A comparison of diagnostic tests Jeanida Mauliddina; Rosmayanti Siregar; Oke Rina Ramayani; Rafita Ramayati; Rusdidjas Rusdidjas
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 51 No 1 (2011): January 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi51.1.2011.17-21

Abstract

Background Proteinuria is a condition when protein is found in urine, a common symptom in children with renal disorders. Proteinuria can also be found in nonnal children and in those with non-renal disorders. A high sensitivity test is needed to detect proteinuria. Spectrophotometry has been used as a standard to detect proteinuria, however, it is expensive and not readily available in health clinics. We tested the use of20% sulfosalicylic add to detect proteinuria, and compared it to spectrophotometry. The sulfosalicylic add test is inexpensive, rapid, and easily performed in primary community health centers.Objective To compare 2 0 % sulfosalicylic acid test t o spectrophotometry as a diagnostic test for proteinuria.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Adam Malik Hospital from September 2009 until December 2009. Inclusion criteria were children aged 3 to 18 years who experienced kidney disease. We collected 24 hour urine specimens from 55 children by consecutive sampling. Urine specimens were tested for proteinuria by 20% sulfosalicylic acid test and spectrophotometry.Results Sensitivity and specificity of 20% sulfosalicylic acid test compared to spectrophotometry were 88.1 % and 69.2%, respectively, with a positive predictive value and a negative predictive value of 90.2% and 64.3%, respectively.Conclusion The sulfosalicylic acid test had low sensitivity and specificity for detecting proteinuria, but it was more practical and less expensive compared to spectrophotometry.
Immunogenicity and safety of a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine Eddy Fadlyana; Kusnandi Rusmil; Novilia Sjafri Bachtiar; Rachmat Gunadi; Hadyana Sukandar
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 51 No 1 (2011): January 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi51.1.2011.22-8

Abstract

Background Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (TIV) containing antigens of two influenza A strains, A(H1N1) and A(H3N2), and one influenza B strain, are the standard {onnulation for influenza prevention. The vaccines must be updated annually to provide optimal protection against the predicted prevalent strains for the next influenza season.Objective To assess the immunogenidty and safety of the inactivated influenza vaccine (Flubio®) in adolescents and adults, 28 days after a single dose.Methods In this experimental, randomized, single-blind, bridging study, we included 60 healthy adolescents and adults. A single, 0.5 mL dose was administered intramuscularly in the deltoid muscle of the left ann. Blood samples were obtained before and 28 days after immunization. Standardized hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was used to assess antibody response to influenza antigens.Results From January to February 2010, a total of 60 adolescents and adults enrolled in the study, but two participants did not provide the required blood samples. One hundred percent of the subjects had an anti-influenza titer ≥ 1:40 HI units to all three strains, A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1), A/Uruguay/716/2007 (H3N2), and B/Brisbane/60/2008 (P=1.000) after immunization. The Geometric Mean Titers (GMT) after immunization increasedfor all strains: A/Brisbane, 76.4 to 992.7, A/Uruguay, 27.6 to 432.1, and B/Brisbane, 19.9 to 312.7. Twenty eight days after immunization, we found a 4 times increase in antibody titers in 75.8% of the subjects for A/Brisbane, 84.5% for A/Uruguay, and 77.6% for B/Brisbane. We also observed that 100% of seronegative subjects converted to seropositive for all 3 strains. All vaccines were well-tolerated. There were no serious adverse events reported during the study.Conclusion In adolescents and adults, the Flubio® vaccine was immunogenic and safe.
The correlation between leptin and highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels in obese children aged 9-15 years Sarah M. Warouw; Suryani As'ad; Satriono Satriono
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 51 No 1 (2011): January 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi51.1.2011.47-51

Abstract

Background Obesity is a low level and chronic inflammatory condition predominantly affecting white adipose tissue, where macrophage infiltration is found. Leptin is one of many molecules relating obesity to cardiovascular disease. Leptin can increase cytokine production in macrophages and monocytes, and increase oxidative stress on endothelial cells. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, in turn, may trigger the release of C-reactive protein.Objective To examine the correlation between leptin and hsCRP in obese children aged 9-15 years.Methods This cross-sectional study was done in Manado from May to December 2009, on elementary and junior high school children. Subjects were obese children aged 9-15 years, with nutritional status detennined by Body Mass Index and converted into z-score. Physical examination, blood pressure, and blood examinations for  fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, leptin, and hsCRP were perfonned. Data were analyzed with appropriate statistical methods.Results The mean leptin level in obese children was 34,009.2 pgiL (SD 18,224.79), higher than that of the control, 7,760.9 pgiL (SD 8,859.55) (P<0.0001). The mean hsCRP level in obese children was 3.6 mgiL (SD 3.60), higher than that of the control, 0.7 mgiL (SD 1.32) (<0.0001). There was a significant positive correlation between leptin and hsCRP levels in obese children (r 􀀁 0.355; P<0.0001).Conclusions There is significant positive correlation between leptin and hsCRP levels in obese children aged 9-15 years. Increased leptin and hsCRP levels indicate a low degree of chronic inflammation. Thus, intervention is needed to decrease the body weight of obese children.
Risk of hearing loss in small for gestational age neonates Melani Rakhmi Mantu; Lelani Reniarti; Sjarif Hidajat Effendi
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 51 No 1 (2011): January 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi51.1.2011.52-7

Abstract

Background Small for gestational age (SGA) neonates often have intrauterine growth restriction due to placental insufficiency and chronic hypoxia. These conditions may cause developmental impairment, psychosocial disabilities, or metabolic dysfunction in later life. Previous studies have shown greater incidence of speech and language disabilities, learning impairment, and neuromotor dysfunction in term SGA infants compared to term appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants.Objective To compare hearing loss in SGA and AGA neonates using otoocoustic emission (OAE) tests and to study correlations between maternal risk factors and hearing loss in SGA neonates.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in St. Borromeus Hospital, Limijati Hospital, and Melinda Hospital in Bandung from February to May 2010. Study subjects consisted of full-term neonates born in these three hospitals. A retrospective medical record review was performed for this study. Statistical analysis was done by multivariable logistic-regression.Results There was a total of 4279 subjects in our study, including 100 SGA neonates and 4179 AGA neonates. We observed a greater percentage of OAE 'refer' (indicating abnormal OAE) results in the SGA group compared to the AGA group (P<0.001, Z=13.247). For suhjects with OAE 'refer' results, we also analyzed the correlation to the following maternal risk factors: smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and asthma. We also found significant differences between  those with and without each of the four maternal risk factors studied (P< 0.001). By using multivariant analysis to compare SGA and AGA neonates, we found the odds ratio (OR) to he 4.34 (95% CI 2.52 to 7.49, P=0.001), meaning the SGA group had a 4.34 times higher risk of hearing loss than the AGA group.Conclusion SGA neonates had a higher risk of hearing loss than AGA neonates. In addition, maternal smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and asthma significantly correlated to hearing loss in all newborns. [
Operation procedure of sacrococcygeal fetus in fetu Rochadi Rochadi
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 51 No 1 (2011): January 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi51.1.2011.58-60

Abstract

Fetus in fetu is a condition in wich a fetiform calcified mass often presents in the abdomen of its host, a newborn. It is extremely rare condition, estimated once in 500,000 deliveries and has a 2: 1 male predominantly; with most patient presenting with an abdominal  mass in the first year of life. 5,13 The term fetus in fetu is used to point out an unequal division of totipotential cells of blastocyst where the result is the inclusion of a small cellular mass in the more mature embryo. It was encapsulated, pedunculated and represents a malformed monozygotic, monochorionic, diamniotic parasitic twin. In 80% cases, fetus in fetu is located  retroperitonealy but can be found in unusual location such as in oropharynx, neck, skull mediastinum, pelvis, iliac mesentery, adrenal gland, sacrococcygeal region and scrotal sac.
Characteristics of tuberculosis contact of children with pulmonary tuberculosis Magdalena Sidhartani; Retno Murti Laila
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 46 No 6 (2006): November 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (317.336 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi46.6.2006.250-4

Abstract

Background Children with tuberculosis (TB) are oftenasymptomatic, so that if TB is diagnosed in a child, an adult contactshould be looked for. We realize the importance of TB control bybreaking the chain of transmission, so identification of contact andprompt treatment should be made.Objective To trace contact of children with pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB) and to determine the environmental characteristicsassociated with TB transmission.Methods Prospective, community based descriptive study wasdone in 80 children with newly diagnosed PTB treated atPediatric Pulmonary Ward, Kariadi Hospital, from September2003 to February 2004. Clinical condition, chest x-ray (CXR),acid fast bacilli (AFB) staining of sputum, and environmentalcharacteristics of adults suspected as TB contact wereexamined. Data were analyzed by uni- and bivariate analysisusing SPSS 11.5.Results Eighty adults with suspected TB were enrolled, 90% werehousehold contacts. There were 63 (79%) confirmed TB contactsin rural and urban area. Fathers were predominates (32%)followed by grandparents (26.3%), relatives (18.7%), and mothers(12.5%). There was no significant difference about internal(household) and external (non-household) family contactsbetween rural and urban area (P=1.000). In urban area, hometransmission is more frequent than rural area (P=0.340). In urbanarea, the contacts had a better perception but had no betterattitude toward treatment, although the difference was notsignificant. Behavior was worsen in rural area (P=0.214). Poorbehavior seldom occurred in those who had enough knowledgeof TB, although the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.352). In the urban area, the house of contacts had lowersleeping density (P=0.282), poor ventilation (P=0.306), and higherroom temperature (P=0.683). There were no differences in thelight intensity and humidity.Conclusion There were 79% confirmed TB contacts in rural andurban area with male predominant. There was no significantdifference between household and non-household contacts inrural and urban area. There are different characteristics, such asknowledge, perception, attitude towards treatment, and behaviorassociated with TB transmission between contacts in the ruraland urban area, and between lower, middle, and higher socio-economic level, although the difference is not significant
The role of hearing capability test as a screening test for the possibility of hearing disorder in children with speech delay Fatmawaty Fatmawaty; Hartono Gunardi; Ronny Suwento; Abdul Latief; Rulina Suradi; Irawan Mangunatmadja
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 46 No 6 (2006): November 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (307.364 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi46.6.2006.255-9

Abstract

Background Hearing disorder may cause speech delay so thatevery child with speech delay should undergo hearing test. Thegold standard for audiometric test is otoacustic emission (OAE)and brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA). They havehigh sensitivity and specificity, but the availability is limited andexpensive. Hence, both tests are not available at the primary healthcare centers. In 1997, the Department of Health, Republic of Indo-nesia, established a simple subjective test instrument, i.e. the hear-ing capability test (HCT).Objective To asses the accuracy of HCT compared to the goldstandard hearing tests (OAE and/or BERA).Methods This study was a cross sectional study on 89 childrenaged less than 5 years who had speech delay and came to theGrowth and Development Outpatient Clinic or the General Outpa-tient Clinic, Pediatric Neurology Clinic of the Department of ChildHealth, Cipto Mangunkusumo (CM) Hospital; and Center for EarCare and Communicative Disorders (CECCD), Department of ENT,CM Hospital, during March to August 2005.Results HCT sensitivity and specificity were 92.9% and 27.7%,respectively. Positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictivevalue (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likehoodratio (NLR) were 84%, 50%, 1.9, and 0.7, respectively.Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of HCT as a screeningtest of hearing disorder in children with speech delay were 93%and 28%, respectively. Based on this result, HCT should only beused as screening test and not as a diagnostic test

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