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INDONESIA
Paediatrica Indonesiana
Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia
ISSN : 00309311     EISSN : 2338476X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,135 Documents
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Randomized controlled trial of erdosteine for acute cough in children with colds Yenny Yenny; Roni Naning; Amalia Setyati
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 51 No 2 (2011): March 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi51.2.2011.111-5

Abstract

Background T h e prevalence of the common cold in children is high, v.ith 30% of cases exhibiting an acute cough, the most common complaint by parents. Erdosteine, a recently developed cough medicine, is available for children. Erdosteine has been reported to increase mucodliary clearance, act as an antioxidant and prevent bacterial adhesion.Objective To assess the clinical improvement in acute cough in children \\lith a common cold taking erdosteine vs. a placebo.Methods We conducted a doubleô€€¾blind, randomized, controlled trial at the Public Health Center of Gedongtengen, Yogyakarta with 140 children selected by a consecutive sampling method. Research subjects were randomized by computer program into two treatment groups, those receiving erdosteine therapy and those receiving a placebo. Both groups were monitored for 6 days. A scoring system was used to assess the improvement of acute cough symptoms and analyzed by Chi-square test.Results No significant differences in basic characteristics, cough severity, or environment were found among the 140 children with common cold in the two groups. After 6 days of treatment, no significant difference in clinical improvement of acute cough was found between the erdosteine (65 subjects improved out of 70) and placebo groups (62/70),92.5% and 88.6%, respectively (P=0.382).Conclusion Erdosteine was not more effective than the placebo for treatment of acute cough in children with common cold.
The influence of intensive nutritional counseling in Posyandu towards the growth 4-18 month old children Noviati Noviati; J C Susanto; H Selina; M Mexitalia
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 46 No 2 (2006): March 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi46.2.2006.57-63

Abstract

Introduction Under 5 years is a critical period for child growth,when growth faltering often occurs. Periodical growth monitoringand nutritional counseling can detect growth faltering earlier, de-termine the cause, and find alternatives to solve such problems.Objective To determine the benefit of nutritional counseling onknowledge, attitude, practice of mothers, and child growth.Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted inSendangguwo, Semarang on 143 children of the treatment groupand 135 children of the control group. Nutritional counseling wasgiven to mothers in the treatment group by trained health volun-teers. Changes of weight for age Z-score (WAZ), height for age Z-score (HAZ), and weight for height Z-score (WHZ) were analyzedrepeatedly by using ANOVA. The differences of ΔWAZ, ΔHAZ, andΔWHZ between groups were compared by student t-test. GEE (gen-eralized estimating equation) analysis was used to analyze theeffect of confounding variables on the changes of WAZ.Results After 6 months of counseling, knowledge, attitude, andpractice of nutrition in the treatment group significantly increasedcompared to that of the control group (P<0.001). The WAZ, HAZ,and WHZ curves in the control group decreased. However, in thetreatment group, WHZ increased and there was stabilization ofWAZ. At the end of the study, treatment group had significantlyimproved their WAZ (P<0.001), HAZ (P=0.004), and WHZ(P<0.001) compared to that of the control group.Conclusion Nutritional counseling can improve knowledge, atti-tude, and practice of mothers, and has beneficial effects on childgrowth by WAZ, HAZ, and WHZ
Effects of zinc supplementation on nutritional status and cognition in children Retno Asih S; Endang Warsiki; Boerhan Hidajat
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 46 No 2 (2006): March 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi46.2.2006.64-70

Abstract

Background Zinc deficiency is common in children in develop-ing countries and data suggests the effects are detrimental towardschildren’s growth and neuropsychologic performance. Results ofmultiple studies which assess these effects have been inconsis-tent.Objective To evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation onnutritional status and cognition in children with zinc deficiency.Methods Forty-six stunted children aged 50-80 months with lowhair zinc levels were randomly assigned to receive either 7.5 mgelemental Zn or placebo twice a week for 3 months. Anthropom-etry and cognition were assessed at the beginning and the end ofthe supplementation period. Differences among both groups foranthropometry and cognition before and after supplementation wereanalyzed with paired t-test. A comparison of different anthropom-etry and cognition among the two groups were analyzed using theindependent t-test.Results There were no significant differences among baselinecharacteristics except on sex distribution.There was a significantdifference in weight for age between the zinc group and placebo[0.28 (SB 0.18) vs 0.09 (SB 0.14); P=0.0001]. Height incrementswere also greater in the zinc group [0.34 (SB 0.15) vs 0.02 (SB0.12); P=0.0001). There was no significant difference betweenweight for height. Intelligence quotient (IQ) measured by theStanford-Binnet test was slightly higher in the zinc group [2.26 (SB3.11) vs 2.00 (SB 2.81], but the difference was not significant ac-cording to sex.Conclusion Zinc supplementation produced highly positive re-sponses in weight for age and height for age increments in chil-dren with zinc deficiency compared with placebo. There was noeffect of zinc supplementation on weight for height index and noneon cognition measured by intelligence quotient (IQ)
Erythrocyturia and proteinuria conversion in post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis I Ketut Suarta
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 46 No 2 (2006): March 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi46.2.2006.71-6

Abstract

Background Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) is a sudden onsetof macroscopic hematuria and edema. The chronic post-strepto-coccal acute glomerulonephritis (PSAGN) can be predicted if mi-croscopic hematuria, proteinuria, and low serum complement C3level are present for a period exceeding six months after initial onsetof illness. It is prudent to follow the course of PSAGN until proteinurianormalizes and microhematuria disappears in urinalysis.Objective To acquire the time of erythrocyturia and proteinuriaconversion in post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (PSAGN)among children.Methods A retrospective cohort study on children with PSAGNwas conducted in the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic and Ward atSanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali from January 2001-December2003. All subjects were recorded for clinical and laboratory signs,including initial symptoms, history of previous streptococcal infec-tions, blood pressure, complete blood count, serum albumin, ASTOtiter, complement C3 level, BUN, and serum creatinin. Erythrocyt-uria and proteinuria follow-ups were done by recording urinalysisfindings for a six-month period after initial onset.Results Thirty subjects 21 boys and 9 girls, mean age 8.7 (SD 2.5)years] with PSAGN were enrolled in the study, 16 had hematuria withedema. Twenty-one subjects had the history of upper respiratory tractinfections and 9 with skin infections. Mean systolic blood pressure was141.3 (SD 21.8) mmHg, mean diastolic blood pressure was 90.8 (SD16.3) mmHg, mean ASTO titer was 1103.3 (SD 686.1) IU/ml, and meancomplement C3 level was 42.2 (SD 15.5) mg/dl. Urinalysis monitoringshowed 2/30, 9/30, 12/30, 22/30, 27/30 subjects had conversion he-maturia at the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth month, respectively.Median duration of erythrocyturia conversion was 4.0 months (95% CI:3.53-4.47). There were 11/30, 18/30, 21/30, 23/30, 25/30, 26/30 sub-jects with proteinuria conversion at the first, second, third, fourth, fifth,and sixth month, respectively. Median duration of proteinuria conver-sion was 2.0 months (95% CI: 1.25-2.75).Conclusion Three out of 30 children remained with persistenthematuria and 4 of 30 remained with persistent proteinuria
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis associated with uveitis in a 4-year-old girl Made Sukmawati; Hendra Santoso; Niti Susila
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 46 No 2 (2006): March 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi46.2.2006.87-92

Abstract

The variability of the disease may explain mis-conceptions that JRA is usually a benign disease. Acohort study in which 506 subjects during the periodof 1970-1999 found that approximately one-third ofJRA patients achieve disease remission. The visualcomplications are also important in determining theoutcome. Functional disability is common and can belong-lasting. Recognizing JRA symptoms earlier areimportant to prevent mortality, disability, and long-term complications. Although JRA is the most com-mon rheumatic disease in children, many doctors arenot familiar with this disease. The purpose of thispaper is to report a case of juvenile rheumatoid ar-thritis associated with uveitis in a 4-year, 8-month-old girl.
Childhood renal cell carcinoma Nouval Shahab; Arry Rodjani; Rainy Umbas
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 46 No 2 (2006): March 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi46.2.2006.93-6

Abstract

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in children isseldom found. The incidence of thistumor in childhood is estimated to be 0.1-0.3% out of all neoplasms and 2-7% out ofall malignant renal tumors. The Third NationalCancer Survey reported an incidence of only four casesof RCC per year compared to 117 per year of Wilms’tumor.The incidence of RCC has not been reported inIndonesia. This is the first case of childhood RCCfound in our institution. To the best of our knowl-edge, this is the first report of childhood RCC in In-donesia.
The value of IgG to IgM ratio in predicting secondary dengue infection I Putu Gede Karyana; Hendra Santoso; Bagus Ngurah Putu Arhana
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 46 No 3 (2006): May 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi46.3.2006.113-7

Abstract

Background The determination of primary or secondary dengueinfection using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test is time-con-suming. The IgG to IgM ratio which can be obtained earlier wasused by several studies to differentiate secondary from primaryinfection, but they still reported various cut-off points.Objective To find the diagnostic value and best cut off point ofIgG to IgM ratio for predicting secondary dengue infection.Methods This was a prospective study carried out between July2003 and June 2004. Children with suspected dengue hemor-rhagic fever (DHF) were tested for HI during acute and convales-cent phase. The IgG and IgM titer were examined during the acutephase using ELISA method.Results Sixty-two children were recruited, 48 with secondary in-fection and 14 with primary infection. The prevalence of second-ary infection was 77%. The best cut off point of the IgG to IgM ratioto predict secondary infection was >1.1 with sensitivity of 87.5%,specificity 92.9%, likelihood ratio 12.3, and post test probability97.7%.Conclusion The IgG to IgM ratio of >1.1 is a good predictor forsecondary infection
Growth diagrams of Indonesian children The nationwide survey of 2005 Jose Batubara; Anna Alisjahbana; Angèle JGMGerver-Jansen; Bachti Alisjahbana; Tony Sadjimin; Yulniar Tasli; Juhariah Juhariah; Angky Tririni; Woro Indri Padmosiwi; Tya Listiaty; Henriette A Delemarre–van de Waal; Willem J Gerver
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 46 No 3 (2006): May 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi46.3.2006.118-26

Abstract

Background Reference curves of growth have been developedin many countries based on cross-sectional data. The World HealthOrganization (WHO) has recommended an international referencewhich is based on the growth standards developed within the UnitedStates during the 1970s. In general these growth references areused in Indonesian pediatric clinics although it is known that thesereferences are not appropriate for this population with a differentethnic background. In order to evaluate reliably Indonesian chil-dren with growth disorders reference standards based on mea-surements in Indonesian children are necessary.Objective To make a standard growth chart for Indonesian chil-dren especially with regards to height, weight, and head circum-ference from a healthy Indonesian infants and children, age 0-18years. This standard charts were compared to CDC growth charts.Methods Weight and height and head circumference were takenfrom children with age ranging from birth up to 18 years. All sub-jects were recruited from 7 different parts of Indonesia. The agegrouping for children from 0-1 years old was based on 3-monthinterval, while for children older than 12 months was based on a 6-month interval. The study was cross sectional.Results There were 34 800 children (17 229 boys and 17 571girls) included in this study with age ranging from 0 up to 18 years.Graphs were presented for weight for age, supine length for age,head circumference for age in male and female infants, and weightfor height and height for age in boys and girls 1-18 years.Comparson of the results of this study with the CDC data werepresented as a graph.Conclusion The standard charts for Indonesian children basedon weight for height, supine length for height and head circumfer-ence for age were presented in graphs for children 0-1 year, weightfor height and height for age for boys and girls 1-18 years old. Allchildren were compared to CDC growth charts and there exists amean difference of -1.47 SDS for boys and -1.43 SDS forgirls.
The role of bovine colostrum on recovery time and length of hospital stay of acute diarrhea in infants and children: a double-blind randomized controlled trial IGN Suwarba; Sudaryat S; Hendra S; IKG Suandi; Raka Widiana
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 46 No 3 (2006): May 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi46.3.2006.127-33

Abstract

Background WHO standard treatment for acute diarrhea remainsunsatisfying to the parents of acute diarrhea patients, particularlythe need of medical treatment. Bovine colostrum contains immuneand growth factors that is thought able to neutralize some agentscausing acute diarrhea in infants and children.Objective To evaluate the efficacy of bovine colostrum as adju-vant therapy on recovery time and length of hospital stay for acutediarrhea in infants and children.Methods A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conductedon infants and children with acute diarrhea admitted to SanglahHospital. Treatment group received standard therapy with bovinecolostrums and control group received standard therapy plus pla-cebo. The primary outcomes were achievement of recovery timeand length of hospital stay. Recovery time was determined by thenumber of days needed to achieve defecation frequency <3 times/day and needed to achieve normal stool consistency.Results Seventy infants and children were enrolled. The treatmentgroup significantly achieved recovery time earlier than the control groupin regard to the time of achieving defecation frequency to <3 times/day [2.31 (0.76) vs 3.34 (1.45); mean difference of -1.03; P= 0.001; CI95% -1.58;-0.48] and normal stool consistency [2.40 (0.77) vs 3.43(1.48); mean difference of -1.03; P = 0.001; CI 95% -1.59;-0.46]. Lengthof hospital stay was shorter in the treatment group than the controlgroup [2.89 (0.78) vs 3.94 (1.53); mean difference of -1.05; P= 0.001;CI 95% (-1.3;-0.7)]. No significant difference was found in mean ofbody weight recovery in two groups [0.47 (0.16) vs 0.49 (0.20); meandifference of -0.03; P=0.556; CI 95%: -0.11;0.06]. Age, nutritionalstatus, breastfeeding, and diarrhea before admission did not influ-ence the study outcome.Conclusion Bovine colostrums as an adjuvant in standard therapyfor acute diarrhea in infants and children is effective in regard toachieve earlier recovery time and shorter length of hospital stay
Clinical features of dengue hemorrhagic fever and risk factors of shock event Rismala Dewi; Alan Roland Tumbelaka; Damayanti Rusli Sjarif
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 46 No 3 (2006): May 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi46.3.2006.144-8

Abstract

Background Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) can lead to highmorbidity and mortality. Its clinical features vary from time to time.Many studies were performed to determine the risk factors of se-vere dengue infection.Objective To find out clinical features and risk factors for predict-ing the likelihood of shock in DHF.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in all con-firmed DHF children who were hospitalized at the Department ofChild Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital within the period ofJanuary 1, 2003 until June 30, 2004. Risk factors for developmentof shock were analyzed using chi-square test and multiple logisticregressions with a level of significance of <0.05.Results A total of 101 patients, consisted of 47 males and 54females were enrolled in this study. Mean age was 6.5 (SD 3.6)years, ranged from 5 months to 15 years. About 31.7% patientshad grade III DHF, 30.7% grade II, and 26.7% grade IV (including1 patient with encephalopathy). Shock was more frequent amongpatients aged between 6-10 years, female, under-nourished, bodytemperature <38°C, hematocrit level 46-50 vol%, and platelet count<20 000/ml. During year 2003-2004, there was increased numberof patients who developed shock. Based on univariate analysis,hepatomegaly, high hematocrit value, and thrombocytopenia wereconsidered significantly different. Among those variables analyzedwith multiple logistic regression method, only hepatomegaly andthrombocytopenia were identified as predictors of shock.Conclusion There was an alteration on clinical features of DHFin our hospital in 2003-2004 period compared to the previous years.Hepatomegaly and platelet count <50 000/ml are independent riskfactors of shock among DHF patients

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