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Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)

JBBI
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Published by Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

ISSN : 24422606 EISSN : 2548611X DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

JBBI, Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology & Bioscience, is published twice annually and provide scientific publication medium for researchers, engineers, practitioners, academicians, and observers in the field related to biotechnology and bioscience. This journal accepts original papers, review articles, case studies, and short communications. The articles published are peer-reviewed by no less than two referees and cover various biotechnology subjects related to the field of agriculture, industry, health, environment, as well as life sciences in general. Initiated at the then Biotech Centre, the journal is published by the Laboratory for Biotechnology, the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, BPPT.

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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MANUR BROILER DENGAN FERMENTASI Lactobacillus casei TERHADAP KONVERSI PAKAN AYAM KAMPUNG Nururrozi, Alfarisa; Indarjulianto, Soedarmanto; Ramandani, Dhasia; Yanuartono, Yanuartono
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol 5, No 2 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

The Effect of Broiler Manure with Lactobacillus casei Fermentation on the Kampung Chicken Feed Convertion Ratio ABSTRACTHusbandry of kampung chicken is constrained by high feed prices and poor productivity. This study aims to utilize alternative feed materials derived from broiler manure to obtain a cheaper feed with good quality. Manure contains high nutrients. Manure was fermented using Lactobacillus casei to improve feed conversion. Two hundred chickens were divided into 4 groups (n = 50). Groups P1, P2, and P3 were given 4%, 8%, and 12% fermentation of L. casei, respectively. Group P0 was given a regular feed without L. casei. Each treatment group consisted of four replicates and were maintained for 60 days. The research design used was Completely Randomized Design subjected to analysis of variant (ANOVA) followed by Duncan test. The feed conversion values of groups P0, P1, P2, and P3 were 4.46; 4.38; 4.21; and 4.54, respectively. The results showed that the feed conversion was not significant in all groups. It was concluded that L. casei fermenter could not improve the feed conversion ratio (FCR).Keywords: FCR, fermentation, kampung chicken, Lactobacillus casei, manure ABSTRAKBudidaya ayam kampung terkendala tingginya harga pakan dan rendahnya produktivitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan memanfaatkan pakan alternatif bersumber manur (limbah kotoran) ayam broiler untuk memperoleh pakan murah dengan kualitas baik. Manur broiler masih mengandung nutrisi yang tinggi. Manur difermentasi menggunakan Lactobacillus casei untuk memperbaiki konversi pakan. Dua ratus ekor ayam dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok (n=50 ekor). Kelompok P1, P2, dan P3 masing-masing diberi ransum yang ditambah fermentasi L. casei sebanyak 4%, 8%, dan 12%. Kelompok P0 diberikan pakan biasa tanpa penambahan L. casei. Setiap kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari empat ulangan dipelihara selama 60 hari. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan analisis ragam yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Konversi pakan dari kelompok P0, P1, P2, dan P3 berturut-turut 4,46; 4,38; 4,21; dan 4,54. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konversi pakan tidak berbeda nyata pada semua kelompok perlakuan. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan penggunaan fermenter L.casei pada pakan belum mampu memperbaiki konversi pakan.Kata Kunci: ayam kampung, FCR, fermentasi, Lactobacillus casei, manur

MANURE UNGGAS: SUPLEMEN PAKAN ALTERNATIF DAN DAMPAK TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN Yanuartono, Yanuartono; Nururrozi, Alfarisa; Indarjulianto, Soedarmanto; Haribowo, Nurman; Purnamaningsih, Hary; Raharjo, Slamet
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol 5, No 2 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

Manure Poultry: Alternative Feed Supplements and Impacts on the EnvironmentABSTRACTThe increase in protein demand is now of serious concern as the human population is forecasted to rise to as much as 9.6 billion by 2050. The poultry industry is one of the largest and fastest growing sectors of livestock production in the world. Increased production results in increased sewage so that the impact on the emergence of environmental problems associated with increased air pollution, water, and soil. The sustainability of animal feeds is crucial in the development of livestock production systems, and feed efficiency can be improved by reusing poultry waste in livestock diets, thus diminishing the use of feed grains. There are several ways of disposing of poultry waste including burial, incineration, composting, fertilizer or source of biogas energy and feed for livestock. Poultry manure is a rich source of lignocelluloses, polysaccharides, proteins, minerals, and other biological materials. It is currently expected some problems can be overcome by utilizing poultry manure waste as an alternative feed source for livestock. This paper aims to review the negative effects of excessive chicken manure and its benefits as an alternative feed for livestock and fish.Keywords: alternative feed, livestock, pollution, poultry industry, poultry manure ABSTRAKKenaikan permintaan protein menjadi perhatian serius karena populasi manusia diperkirakan akan meningkat menjadi sebanyak 9,6 miliar orang pada tahun 2050. Industri perunggasan merupakan salah satu sektor produksi ternak terbesar dan tercepat di dunia. Meningkatnya hasil produksi tersebut akan menambah jumlah limbah sehingga berdampak pada munculnya masalah lingkungan yang terkait dengan peningkatan polusi udara, air dan tanah. Ketersediaan pakan hewan secara berkesinambungan sangat penting dalam pengembangan sistem produksi ternak dan efisiensi pakan dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan kembali limbah unggas sebagai bahan pakan ternak, sehingga mengurangi penggunaan biji-bijian sebagai sumber pakan. Ada beberapa metode mengurangi jumlah manure ayam termasuk penguburan, insinerasi, pengomposan, pemupukan atau sumber energi biogas dan pakan ternak. Kotoran unggas adalah sumber lignoselulosa, polisakarida, protein, mineral dan bahan biologi lainnya. Saat ini diperkirakan beberapa permasalahan bisa diatasi dengan memanfaatkan limbah manure unggas sebagai sumber pakan alternatif bagi ternak. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak negatif dari manure ayam yang berlebihan dan manfaatnya sebagai pakan alternatif untuk ternak dan ikan.Kata Kunci: industri perunggasan, manure ayam, pakan alternatif, polusi, ternak

EVALUASI AKTIVITAS INHIBISI XANTIN OKSIDASE DAN KANDUNGAN SENYAWA POLIFENOL DARI EKSTRAK SAPPAN Ningsih, Sri; Churiyah, .
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol 5, No 2 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

Evaluation of xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and polyphenolic content of sappan extractABSTRACTHyperuricemia is a disease that is characterized by a high uric acid level, in which the number of patients tends to increase every year. This research was intended to evaluate the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity and determinate the total polyphenol content of heartwood sappan (Caesalpinia sappan L.) extract. The extract was prepared by macerating the dry powder wood using 70% ethanol at room temperature. The quality of ethanolic extract obtained was evaluated based on BPOM guideline. XO inhibitory power was determined by measuring uric acid produced in the xanthine/XO system in vitro. The polyphenol content of the extract was measured using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent spectrophotometrically. The results showed that the quality of sappan semisolid extract fulfilled the required standard. Sappan extract inhibited XO activity by 98% relative to the positive control, allopurinol, at the final extract concentration of 100 µg/mL. The total polyphenol content was 26% of the crude extract. It could be concluded that sappan ethanolic extract has the potential to be developed as an ingredient for hyperuricemia treatment.Keywords: hyperuricemia, sappan, total polyphenol, xanthine, xanthine oxidase ABSTRAKHiperurisemia adalah penyakit yang dicirikan dengan kadar asam urat tinggi dimana prevalensi penderita cenderung meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari aktivitas esktrak kayu sappan (Caesalpinia sappan L.) dalam menginhibisi enzim XO (xantin oksidase) secara in vitro dan penentuan kadar senyawa polifenol total yang terkandung di dalamnya. Ekstrak dibuat dengan cara maserasi serbuk kayu menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% pada suhu kamar. Kualitas ekstrak dievaluasi mengacu pada parameter karakterisasi ekstrak yang ditetapkan oleh BPOM. Aktivitas inhibisi XO ditetapkan dengan mengukur kadar asam urat yang terbentuk pada sistem xantin/XO in vitro. Kadar polifenol ekstrak diukur menggunakan pereaksi Folin-Ciocalteu secara spektrofotometri. Hasil analisis menyatakan bahwa kualitas ekstrak kental sappan memenuhi persyaratan yang ada. Pengujian inhibisi XO dengan pembanding positif allopurinol pada konsentrasi akhir ekstrak sebesar 100 µg/mL menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak mempunyai kekuatan menginhibisi XO sebesar 98% relatif terhadap pembanding positif allopurinol. Kadar senyawa polifenol total dalam ekstrak sappan sebesar 26% dari ekstrak kasar. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak sappan mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan untuk mengatasi hiperurisemia.Kata Kunci: hiperurisemia, polifenol total, sappan, xantin, xantin oksidase

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK KAPANG ENDOFIT Cb.Gm.B3 ASAL RANTING KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum burmanni) Rachman, Fauzy; Mubarik, Nisa Rachmania; Simanjuntak, Partomuan
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol 5, No 2 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

Antioxidant Activity of Endophytic Fungi Cb.Gm.B3 Extract from Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni) TwigsABSTRACTThere are many degenerative diseases that are caused by a free radical effect. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni) contains cinnamaldehyde compounds that have activity as a powerful antioxidant and fight free radicals. Endophytic fungi can be found in cinnamon plants living symbiotically. Endophytic fungi produce a variety of bioactive metabolites including antioxidants. This research was conducted to isolate endophytic fungi from C. burmanni plant which is active as antioxidant. Endophytic fungi isolation was carried out using surface sterilization method and cultivated in PDA media. Antioxidant activity test was performed using free radical 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Selected isolates were then identified molecularly to determine their species. A total of nine fungi were isolated from cinnamon twigs. The result showed that the highest antioxidant activity was obtained from Cb.Gm.B3 with IC50 of 13.219 ± 0.755 µg/mL. The selected isolate Cb.Gm.B3 taxonomically has a high similarity with Neofusicoccum parvum isolate PEL23 (Accession no: KY053054.1).Keywords: antioxidant, Cinnamomum burmanni, 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, endophytic fungi, Neofusicoccum parvum ABSTRAKKayu manis (Cinnamomum burmanni) mengandung senyawa sinamaldehid yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan kuat dan dapat menangkal radikal bebas. Dalam tanaman kayu manis terdapat kapang endofit yang hidup bersimbiosis. Kapang endofit dapat menghasilkan berbagai senyawa metabolit bioaktif termasuk antioksidan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengisolasi kapang endofit dari tanaman C. burmanni yang aktif sebagai antioksidan. Isolasi kapang endofit dilakukan menggunakan metode sterilisasi permukaan dan ditanam pada media PDA. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan menggunakan metode peredaman radikal bebas dengan reagen 2.2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Isolat terpilih diidentifikasi secara molekuler untuk menentukan spesiesnya. Sebanyak 9 isolat kapang berhasil diisolasi dari jaringan ranting tanaman kayu manis. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi (IC50) didapatkan dari isolat Cb.Gm.B3 sebesar 13,219 ± 0,755 µg/mL. Isolat terpilih Cb.Gm.B3 secara taksonomi memiliki tingkat kemiripan yang tinggi dengan Neofusicoccum parvum isolat PEL23 (No. aksesi: KY053054.1).Kata Kunci: antioksidan, Cinnamomum burmanni, 2.2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil, kapang endofit, Neofusicoccum parvum

Front Cover JBBI Vol 5, No 2, December 2018 Sriherwanto, Catur
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol 5, No 2 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

Appendix JBBI Vol 5, No 2, December 2018: Keyword Index and Author Index Sriherwanto, Catur
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol 5, No 2 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

MORFOLOGI SPORA DAN PERKEMBANGAN GAMETOFIT Davallia denticulata dan Davallia trichomanoides Meliza, Rezika; Chikmawati, Tatik; Sulistijorini, Sulistijorini
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol 6, No 1 (2019): June 2019
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

Spore Morphology and Gametophyte Development of Davallia denticulata and Davallia trichomanoidesABSTRACTDavallia denticulata and D. trichomanoides are two attractive and decorative fern species for ornamental. Spore morphology has an important role in fern taxonomy, while media composition has important role in the growth and development of their gametophytes. Such information on the two fern species was lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the information of the spore morphology and gametophyte developmental stages of D. denticulata and D. trichomanoides on three different media. The spores were collected from Bogor, West Java. The spores were sown in three sterile media. Spore morphology and gametophyte development were observed under a stereoscopic microscope. Both gametophyte species reached their mature stage at 25 weeks after planting on the different media compositions. D. denticulata showed the best gametophyte development, and formed mature gametophytes on the media of vermiculite, sphagnum moss, and perlite, while D. trichomanoides grew best into maturity stage on the media containing vermiculite, and sphagnum moss. Thus, the presence of sphagnum moss in the media is an important material for the growth and development of Davallia gametophyte.Keywords: Davallia, development, gametophyte, growth, media ABSTRAKDavallia denticulata dan D. trichomanoides merupakan dua spesies tumbuhan paku yang menarik dan indah untuk tanaman hias. Morfologi spora memiliki arti penting dalam taksonomi tumbuhan paku, sedangkan komposisi media berperan penting untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gametofitnya. Informasi seputar hal ini terkait dua spesies tumbuhan paku tersebut belumlah ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap informasi mengenai ciri morfologi spora dan tahapan perkembangan gametofit D. denticulata dan D. trichomanoides pada tiga komposisi media berbeda. Pengambilan spora dilakukan di Bogor, Jawa Barat. Spora ditumbuhkan pada tiga media steril. Morfologi spora dan perkembangan gametofit diamati menggunakan mikroskop stereo. Kedua spesies memiliki waktu perkembangan terbaik untuk mencapai tahap gametofit dewasa yaitu 25 minggu pada komposisi media yang berbeda. D. denticulata berkembang dengan baik, dan membentuk gametofit dewasa pada media vermiculite, lumut sphagnum, dan perlite. D. trichomanoides berkembang hingga tahap gametofit dewasa dengan baik pada media vermiculite, dan lumut sphagnum. Dengan demikian keberadaan lumut sphagnum pada media sangat penting untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gametofit Davallia.Kata Kunci: Davallia, gametofit, media, perkembangan, pertumbuhan

ISOLASI KHAMIR DARI BATANG TANAMAN TEBU DAN IDENTIFIKASINYA BERDASARKAN SEKUENS INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER Anggraini, Ika; Ferniah, Rejeki Siti; Kusdiyantini, Endang
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol 6, No 1 (2019): June 2019
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

Isolation of Yeasts from Sugarcane Stems and Their Identification Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences ABSTRACTFermentative yeasts used in food, health, and energy industries need to be explored to discover their potential. The purpose of this study was to obtain fermentative yeast isolates from sugarcane stems and subsequently to undertake morphological, biochemical, and molecular identification. The isolation of epiphytic and endophytic yeasts was carried out by spread plate method using sugarcane soak water and sugarcane juice on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and yeast-glucose-peptone (YGP) agar media. Morphological identification was based on macroscopic and microscopic observations. Biochemical identification was performed using carbohydrate fermentation and 50%-glucose media tests. Selected isolates were identified molecularly using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS). Seven yeast isolates were obtained, of which isolate Ed 1B was selected. Isolate ED 1B was of round colonies, creamy white colour, shiny, embossed, and wavy appearance, ovoid cell shape with a cell diameter of 4.74 µm. It had budding cells, was able to ferment glucose and sucrose (but not lactose), and grew on 50 %-glucose media. Results of BLAST showed that isolates Ed 1B had 99% homology with Kodamaea ohmeri.Keywords: isolation, ITS, molecular identification, Saccharum officinarum L., yeast ABSTRAKKhamir fermentatif yang digunakan dalam industri pangan, kesehatan dan energi perlu dieksplorasi untuk mengetahui potensinya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh isolat khamir fermentatif dari batang tebu dan untuk kemudian diidentifikasi secara morfologi, biokimia dan molekuler. Isolasi khamir epifit dan endofit dilakukan dengan metode cawan sebar dari air rendaman tebu dan jus tebu pada media potato dextrose agar (PDA) dan yeast-glucose-peptone (YGP). Identifikasi morfologi berdasarkan pengamatan makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Identifikasi biokimia menggunakan uji fermentasi karbohidrat dan uji media glukosa 50%. Isolat terpilih diidentifikasi molekuler menggunakan Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS). Hasil isolasi memperoleh 7 isolat khamir. Satu isolat terpilih (Ed 1B) didapatkan dan memiliki ciri-ciri koloni bulat, putih krem, mengkilap, timbul, bergelombang, bentuk sel ovoid dengan diameter sel 4,74 µm, memiliki budding cell, mampu memfermentasi glukosa dan sukrosa, tidak memfermentasi laktosa, serta tumbuh pada media glukosa 50%. Hasil BLAST menunjukkan bahwa isolat Ed 1B memiliki homologi 99% dengan Kodamaea ohmeri.Kata Kunci: identifikasi molekuler, isolasi, ITS, khamir, Saccharum officinarum L.

EMBRIOGENESIS SOMATIK IN VITRO DAN REGENERASI PLANLET DARI TIGA VARIETAS ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L.) Nawfetrias, Winda; Pinardi, Djatmiko; Rosdayanti, Henti; Sulastri, Sulastri
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol 6, No 1 (2019): June 2019
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

In Vitro Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Regeneration of Three Varieties of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)ABSTRACTAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a valuable plant as a source of food for animal, forage, pharmaceutical, medicine, food supplement, and human consumption. In vitro selection technology combined with induction or spontaneous mutagenesis has been effective in altering or isolating genetic variability for desirable characters. Consequently, a reproducible in vitro propagation technique of that plant is mandatory. The aim of the research was to obtain information on the embryogenic callus induction, somatic embryogenesis, and plantlet regeneration of three varieties of alfalfa. The results showed that an optimum embryogenic callus induction (82%) was obtained on Murashige & Skoog (MS) basal medium containing 2 ppm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2 ppm kinetin and 2 ppm a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Those embryogenic calli could subsequently develop into somatic embryos, which germinated and regenerated into normal plantlets on R1 medium consisting of MS nutrients without the addition of plant growth regulator.Keywords: alfalfa, callus, embryogenic, plantlets, regeneration ABSTRAKAlfalfa (Medicago sativa) adalah tanaman berharga sebagai sumber makanan untuk hewan, yaitu hijauan pakan ternak, farmasi, obat-obatan, suplemen makanan dan konsumsi manusia. Teknologi seleksi in vitro yang dikombinasikan dengan induksi atau mutagenesis spontan telah terbukti efektif dalam mengubah atau mengisolasi variabilitas genetik untuk karakter yang diinginkan. Oleh sebab itu, keberhasilan teknik perbanyakan in vitro yang telah terbukti dapat direproduksi dari tanaman tersebut menjadi syarat yang harus terpenuhi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai induksi kalus embriogenik, embriogenesis somatik dan regenerasi planlet dari tiga varietas alfalfa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa induksi kalus embriogenik optimal (82%) didapat pada media Murashige & Skoog (MS) dengan 2 ppm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2 ppm kinetin dan 2 ppm a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Kalus embriogenik tersebut dapat membentuk embrio somatik, embrionya berkecambah dan beregenerasi membentuk planlet normal pada perlakuan media R1 yaitu nutrisi MS tanpa penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh.Kata Kunci: alfalfa, embriogenik, kalus, planlet, regenerasi

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS BIJI KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L) MELALUI FERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN Lactobacillus sp. dan Pichia kudriavzevii Meryandini, Anja; Basri, Asrianti; Sunarti, Titi Candra
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol 6, No 1 (2019): June 2019
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

The Improvement of Cacao Beans Quality through Fermentation by Using Lactobacillus sp. and Pichia kudriavzeviiABSTRACTIndonesia is one of the main cacao producers in the world. Indonesian cacao product is, however, relatively of low quality. Quality improvement of cacao beans is thus needed to increase added value of the product through such method as fermentation using bacteria and yeast. This study was conducted using four fermentation treatments, namely F1 (spontaneous fermentation without the addition of inoculum), F2 (addition of lactic acid bacteria inoculum), F3 (addition of yeast inoculum), F4 (addition of mixed lactic acid bacteria and yeast inoculum). The fermentation was carried out for 5 days. The parameters measured were the microbial cell number, pH, ethanol, total reducing sugar, and total acid concentration, as well as cacao seed quality. Results showed that, compared to the other treatments, the F4 treatment gave the best result, namely 83% of the cacao seeds being fermented, 2% non-fermented, 14% unfermented, 1% moldy, and 2% germinated. The liquid produced during the fermentation contained the highest reducing sugar of 123.38 mg·mL-1, the highest total acid of 24.42 mg·mL-1, and 3.57% ethanol.Keywords: cacao beans, fermentation, lactic acid bacteria, starter, yeast ABSTRAKIndonesia adalah salah satu penghasil kakao utama di dunia. Namun berdasarkan mutu, produk kakao Indonesia masih relatif tergolong rendah. Peningkatan kualitas biji kakao diperlukan untuk memberikan nilai tambah pada produk melalui metode seperti fermentasi menggunakan bakteri dan khamir. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan empat perlakuan fermentasi yaitu F1 (fermentasi secara spontan tanpa penambahan inokulum), F2 (dengan penambahan inokulum bakteri asam laktat (BAL)), F3 (dengan penambahan inokulum khamir), F4 (dengan penambahan inokulum campuran bakteri asam laktat dan khamir). Fermentasi dilakukan selama 5 hari, dan parameter yang diukur selama fermentasi adalah jumlah mikroba, pH, kadar etanol, gula pereduksi, total asam serta kualitas biji. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa, dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya, perlakuan F4 memberikan hasil terbaik yaitu 83% biji terfermentasi, 2% tidak terfermentasi, 14% terfermentasi sebagian, 1% berjamur, dan 2% berkecambah. Cairan fermentasi tersebut mengandung gula reduksi yang paling tinggi 123,38 mg·mL-1, total asam tertinggi 24,42 mg·mL-1, dan kadar etanol mencapai 3,57%.Kata Kunci: bakteri asam laktat (BAL), biji kakao, fermentasi, khamir, starter

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