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Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)

JBBI
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Published by Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

ISSN : 24422606 EISSN : 2548611X DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

JBBI, Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology & Bioscience, is published twice annually and provide scientific publication medium for researchers, engineers, practitioners, academicians, and observers in the field related to biotechnology and bioscience. This journal accepts original papers, review articles, case studies, and short communications. The articles published are peer-reviewed by no less than two referees and cover various biotechnology subjects related to the field of agriculture, industry, health, environment, as well as life sciences in general. Initiated at the then Biotech Centre, the journal is published by the Laboratory for Biotechnology, the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, BPPT.

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Articles 542 Documents

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APPLICATION OF RECOMBINANT TRIACYLGLYCEROL LIPASE AND CARBOXYLESTERASE ENZYMES FROM Bacillus velezensis STRAIN S3 FOR POLYESTER SURFACE MODIFICATION
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Balai Bioteknologi, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

ABSTRACT Enzymatic polyester surface modification can be performed with lipase and esterase enzymes. In this study, the polyester fabric modification utilized triacylglycerol lipase (TGA) and carboxylesterase (CES) recombinant enzymes. The effect of these treatments was observed by determining the hydrophilicity level, dye absorption level, hydroxyl group measurement, and fiber surface morphology. The results revealed an elevated hydrophilicity level in polyester fabric, followed by dye absorption improvement and carboxyl group increase. The water absorption times required by the fabric based on the results of TGA, CES, comparative lipase, and negative control treatments were 3±0.05 seconds, 3.5±0.07 seconds, 5±0.05 seconds, and 80±11.54 minutes, respectively. Dye absorption test in polyester fabric based on these groups mentioned above were 52±0.5, 58±0.5, 178±0.5, and 2968±290 seconds. The total hydroxyl group measurement in polyester fabric was observed at 30.9±0.09, 30.5±0.05, 28.6±0.09, and 3 meq/100 g. The SEM observation showed that the enzymatic hydrolysis could alter the porous structure and surface of the fibers. ABSTRAK Modifikasi permukaan poliester secara enzimatis dengan enzim lipase dan esterase mengubah poliester menjadi hidrofilik. Pada penelitian ini, modifikasi permukaan poliester menggunakan enzim rekombinan Triasilgliserol lipase (TGA) dan Karboksilesterase (CES). Parameter uji meliputii hidrofilisitas, penyerapan warna, pengukuran gugus hidroksil, dan morfologi permukaan serat. Hasil hidrolisis menunjukkan peningkatan hidrofilisitas, penyerapan warna dan gugus karboksil kain poliester. Waktu penyerapan air oleh kain hasil perlakuan enzim TGA, CES, lipase pembanding dan kontrol negatif berturut-turut adalah 3±0,05, 3,5±0,07, 5±0,05 detik dan 80±11,54 menit. Uji serapan warna kain poliester pada kelompok tersebut diatas berturut-turut adalah 52±0,5, 58±0,5, 178±0,5 dan 2968±290 detik. Pengukuran jumlah gugus hidroksil pada kain poliester perlakuan TGA, CES, enzim lipase pembanding dan kontrol negatif adalah 30,9±0,09, 30,5±0,05, 28,6±0,09 dan 3 meq/100 g. Hasil SEM menunjukkan adanya perubahan struktur pori dan permukaan serat.

CHANGES IN BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS WITH HYPERGLYCEMIA DUE TO LIME (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) PEEL EXTRACT Rivan Virlando Suryadinata; Kezia Sefania; Heru Wijono
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2022): June 2022
Publisher : Balai Bioteknologi, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

Chronically elevated levels of glucose in the blood can lead to various complications. As a result, it can accelerate the damage to various organ tissues in the body. Several measures are needed to maintain the stability of normal blood glucose levels to prevent tissue damage, as well as providing additional intake such as lime peel extract which is believed to have high flavonoid content in lowering blood glucose levels. For this reason, this study aimed to analyse changes in blood glucose levels by giving lime extract to alloxan-induced experimental animals. This study uses an experimental post-test control group design. The results showed increased in blood glucose levels in the positive control group (p < 0.005). In addition, the lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) peel extract treatment group showed changes in blood glucose levels (p < 0.005). It was concluded that increasing the intake of lime peel extract can reduce blood glucose levels. Peningkatan kadar glukosa dalam darah secara kronis dapat menyebabkan berbagai komplikasi. Akibatnya, dapat mempercepat kerusakan berbagai jaringan organ dalam tubuh. Beberapa tindakan diperlukan untuk menjaga stabilitas kadar glukosa darah normal untuk mencegah kerusakan jaringan. Serta memberikan asupan tambahan seperti ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis yang dianggap memiliki kandungan flavonoid yang tinggi dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan kadar glukosa darah dengan pemberian ekstrak jeruk nipis pada hewan coba yang diinduksi aloksan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan eksperimen post-test control group design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kadar glukosa darah pada kelompok kontrol positif (p < 0,005). Selain itu, kelompok perlakuan ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) menunjukkan perubahan kadar glukosa darah (p < 0,005). Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan asupan ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah.

TOTAL LIGNIN CONTENT AND AGROMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTER DIVERSITIES OF 30 INDONESIAN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) ACCESSIONS
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Balai Bioteknologi, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

ABSTRACT Lignin is one of lignocellulosic components in vascular plants, essential in plant mechanical properties, water transport, and defense against pathogens. Furthemore, lignin has been applied in various industry. This study aimed to explore variation of lignin content and its-related morphological traits of Indonesian rice accessions, providing beneficial information for breeding approaches to improve utilization characteristics of grass biomass. Therefore, the total lignin contents of thirty Indonesian rice accessions using Thioglycolic Acid Lignin (TGAL) method and their correlation to seven agromorphological characters using Pearson correlation analysis were investigated. Variation of lignin content ranged from 8.38 to 20.75% (of cell wal residue, CWR), and the average value was 13.55%. Correlation analysis showed that lignin total positively correlated with plant height, stem length, panicle length, stem diameter, total fresh weight, and panicle weight per tiller. On the other hand, the number of tillers had a significantly negative correlation to lignin contents. ABSTRAK Lignin merupakan komponen lignoselulosa yang berperan penting pada sifat mekanis tanaman, transportasi air dan pertahanan terhadap patogen pada tanaman berpembuluh. Selain itu, lignin telah banyak diaplikasikan di berbagai jenis industri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengeksplorasi variasi kandungan lignin dan sifat-sifat agromorfologi aksesi padi Indonesia yang terkait, serta memberikan informasi yang bermanfaat untuk pendekatan pemuliaan sebagai pengembangan karakteristik pemanfaatan biomassa rumput-rumputan. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan pencarian informasi kandungan lignin pada tiga puluh aksesi padi Indonesia menggunakan metode Thioglycolic Acid Lignin (TGAL) dan korelasinya terhadap tujuh karakter agromorfologi menggunakan analisis korelasi Pearson. Keragaman kandungan lignin yang diperoleh adalah berkisar 8,38–20,75% (Cell Wall Residue, CWR), dengan nilai rata-rata 13,55%. Analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa akumulasi lignin pada batang padi berkorelasi positif dengan karakter tinggi tanaman, panjang batang, panjang malai, diameter batang, bobot total segar dan bobot malai per anakan. Sebaliknya, karakter jumlah anakan berkorelasi negatif signifikan terhadap kandungan lignin.

ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF LEAF EXTRACT OF Clerodenrum fragrans Vent Willd IN Rattus novergicus INDUCED BY ALLOXAN Murniaty Simorangkir; Erlintan Sinaga; Reninda Pasaribu; Saronom Silaban
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2022): June 2022
Publisher : Balai Bioteknologi, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

Sarang banua plants are grown in Simalungun, North Sumatra, Indonesia, and have been used by the community as traditional medicinal plants. Sarang banua plant is a type of Clerodendrum fragrans Vent Willd, including the family Verbenaceae. This study aimed to determine the antidiabetic activity of the leaf extract of sarang banua (C. fragrans Vent Willd) in white male rats (Rattus novergicus) induced by alloxan. This study used a RAL design with seven treatments, namely (K0) standard feed, (K1) Na-CMC 0.5%), (K2) metformin, (K3) ethanol extract 100 mg/kg bw, 200 mg/kg bw (K4), 300 mg/kg bw (5), (K6) ethyl acetate extract 200 mg/kg bw and 300 mg/kg bw (K7). Groups K1 to K7 were induced by alloxan before being given treatment. Each treatment was replicated three times. The results showed that the application of leaf extract of the C. fragrans affected on reducing the blood glucose levels of alloxan-induced rats. The used of ethanolic extract of C. fragrans 100 mg/kg bw resulted in the highest percentage decrease in blood glucose (54.46 ± 5.60%) of hyperglycemic rats induced by alloxan, close to a positive control (56.63 ± 1.86%). Tanaman sarang banua yang terdapat di Simalungun, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia telah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai tanaman obat tradisional. Tanaman Sarang banua (Clerodendrum fragrans Vent Willd), termasuk famili Verbenaceae. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antidiabetes ekstrak daun Sarang banua (C. fragrans Vent Willd) pada tikus putih jantan (Rattus novergicus) yang diinduksi aloksan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan RAL dengan tujuh perlakuan yaitu (K0) pakan standar, (K1) Na-CMC 0,5%), (K2) metformin, (K3) ekstrak etanol 100 mg/kg bb, 200 mg/kg bb (K4), 300 mg/kg bb (5), (K6) ekstrak etilasetat 200 mg/kg bb dan 300 mg/kg bb (K7). Kelompok K1 sampai K7 diinduksi aloksan sebelum diberikan perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun C. fragrans berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah tikus yang diinduksi aloksan. Pemberian ekstrak etanol C. fragrans 100 mg/kg bb menghasilkan persentase penurunan glukosa darah tertinggi (54,46 ± 5,60%) tikus hiperglikemik yang diinduksi aloksan, mendekati kontrol positif (56,63 ± 1,86%).

OPTIMIZATION OF Bacillus paramycoides FERMENTATION MEDIUM TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTION OF 5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID IN A 10 LITER FERMENTER Dicky Adihayyu Monconegoro; Dea Indriani Astuti; Neil Priharto
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Balai Bioteknologi, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

ABSTRACT 5-Aminolevulinic acid is an essential precursor for the biosynthesis of tetrapyrrole compounds, such as chlorophyll and heme. 5-ALA has the potential to be used as a plant growth and antioxidant activity enhancer. 5-ALA can be produced through fermentation by Bacillus paramycoides. This study aimed to optimize B. paramycoides fermentation medium to increase 5-ALA production. The optimization was carried out using response surface method (RSM) experimental design. 5-ALA production in a 10 L fermenter was conducted using an optimized medium and supplemented with MSG as a precursor and wood vinegar as an inhibitor. The results showed that the best medium composition was 27.78 g L-1 molasses; 9.145 g L-1 urea; 8.838 g L-1 NaCl; and 32.07 g L-1 glucose, resulting in 10.749 (log CFU mL-1) and 255.30 µM 5-ALA. 5-ALA production trial in a 10 L fermenter produced 581.82 µM 5-ALA. Medium optimization and precursor-inhibitors addition in the fermentation increased the 5-ALA yield 3.2 times compared to before optimization. ABSTRAK 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) merupakan prekursor penting dalam pembentukan senyawa tetrapirol seperti klorofil dan heme. 5-ALA memiliki potensi sebagai senyawa pemacu pertumbuhan dan peningkatan kandungan antioksidan tanaman. 5-ALA dapat dihasilkan melalui fermentasi oleh Bacillus paramycoides. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan optimasi media fermentasi B. paramycoides untuk meningkatkan konsentrasi 5-ALA. Optimasi media fermentasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain eksperimen response surface method (RSM). Setelah itu, dilakukan uji coba produksi 5-ALA pada fermentor 10 L menggunakan media hasil optimasi RSM dan suplementasi prekursor MSG dan inhibitor asap cair. Hasil optimasi media RSM menunjukkan bahwa komposisi media terbaik adalah 27,78 g L-1 molase; 9,145 g L-1 urea; 8,838 g L-1 NaCl; dan 32,07 g L-1 glukosa dengan jumlah sel (log CFU mL-1) sebesar 10,749 dan konsentrasi 5-ALA sebesar 255,30 µM. Uji coba produksi 5-ALA pada fermentor 10 L menghasilkan konsentrasi 5-ALA sebesar 581,82 µM. Optimasi media dan penambahan prekursor-inhibitor pada fermentasi dapat meningkatkan produksi 5-ALA sebanyak 3,2 kali lipat dibandingkan sebelum optimasi.

Back Cover JBBI Vol 9, No 2, December 2022 .
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Balai Bioteknologi, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

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ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF MORINGA (Moringa oleifera) LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT ON SPERMATOGENESIS IN OLD WISTAR RATS (Rattus norvegicus) Luh Putu Widiastini; I Gusti Agung Manik Karuniadi; Made Tangkas
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Balai Bioteknologi, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

ABSTRACT Infertility is the failure of pregnancy after regular sexual intercourse for 6-12 months without contraception. Infertility in man is primarily caused by damaged sperm production, for example, impairments in the spermatogenesis process, low spermatozoa concentrations, morphological factors, and abnormal sperm motility. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the antioxidant effect of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves ethanol extract on spermatogenesis (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids counts) in old Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This study took healthy old Wistar rats aged 18-19 months with a body weight of 200-250 g and with no physical disabilities. A total of 36 was Wistar rats divided into two groups, namely the treatment group (supplied with Moringa leaf ethanol extract of 50 mg/kgBW/ and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) of 0.5 mL per day) and the control group (only with 0.5% CMC of 0.5 mL per day) for 30 days. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the spermatogonia, spermatocyte, and spermatid counts between the group treated with Moringa leaf ethanol extract and the control group, resulting in a p-value of 0.000. Therefore, it can be concluded that Moringa leaf ethanol extract had a significant influence on the spermatogonia, spermatocyte, and spermatid counts in old Wistar rats. ABSTRAK Infertilitas adalah kegagalan kehamilan setelah melakukan hubungan seksual secara teratur selama 6-12 bulan tanpa alat kontrasepsi. Penyebab infertilitas pada pria disebabkan karena produksi sperma yang rusak misalnya, gangguan pada proses spermatogenesis, konsentrasi spermatozoa rendah, morfologi serta motilitas sperma yang abnormal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) terhadap spermatogenesis (Spermatogonia, Spermatosit, dan Spermatid) pada tikus (Rattus norvegicus) galur Wistar tua. Tikus yang digunakan adalah tikus tua yang berusia 18-19 bulan dengan berat badan 200-250 g, dengan kondisi sehat dan tidak cacat fisik sejumlah 36 dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok perlakuan (ekstrak etanol daun kelor 50 mg/kgBW/0,5 mL Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 0.5% per hari) dan kelompok kontrol (CMC 0.5% 0.5 mL per hari) selama 30 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan jumlah spermatogonia, spermatosit, dan spermatid yang signifikan antara kelompok yang diberikan ekstrak etanol daun kelor dengan kelompok kontrol yang tidak diberikan dengan nilai p 0,000, sehingga dapat simpulkan ekstrak etanol daun kelor dapat memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap jumlah spermatogonia, spermatosit, dan spermatid pada tikus galur Wistar tua.

UTILIZATION OF SAGO DREGS AS RUMINANT FEED BY USING THE FERMENTATION METHOD: LITERATURE REVIEW Titi Lahanda Susanti; Ratu Safitri; Abun Hasbuna Padmadijaya
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Balai Bioteknologi, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

ABSTRACT Every year there is a change in the stock of ruminant feed that occurs in the rainy season and water shortages in the dry season. Utilization of agricultural waste as an alternative feed is one way to overcome these problems. One of the wastes that have the potential to be used as feed ingredients is sago waste. Sago pulp is a waste that is rich in lignocellulose, namely cellulose. Several biotechnology applications in ruminant feed fermentation can improve properties such as taste, aroma, shelf life, texture and nutritional value of food. Fermentation using mold or yeast, as well as bacteria or a mixture of various microorganisms can increase the nutrients in the feed needed by ruminant feed. Processing of lignocellulosic materials is required to obtain optimal degradation results. The degradation process will convert lignocellulosic material into raw materials that are easily digested by the ruminant. Enzymes produced by microorganisms can increase crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrates, crude fiber, vitamins and minerals. Thus, the fermentation method of sago dregs and its use as feed can increase the nutritional value, so that productivity can be increased when given as feed. ABSTRAK Setiap tahun terjadi perubahan stok pakan ternak ruminansia yaitu pada musim hujan dan kekurangan air pada musim kemarau. Pemanfaatan limbah pertanian sebagai pakan alternatif merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Salah satu limbah yang berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pakan adalah limbah sagu. Ampas sagu merupakan limbah yang kaya akan lignoselulosa yaitu selulosa. Beberapa aplikasi bioteknologi dalam fermentasi pakan ternak ruminansia dapat meningkatkan sifat-sifat seperti rasa, aroma, umur simpan, tekstur dan nilai gizi makanan. Fermentasi menggunakan kapang atau khamir, serta bakteri atau campuran berbagai mikroorganisme dapat meningkatkan nutrisi dalam pakan yang dibutuhkan pakan ruminansia. Pengolahan bahan lignoselulosa diperlukan untuk mendapatkan hasil degradasi yang optimal. Proses degradasi akan mengubah bahan lignoselulosa menjadi bahan baku yang mudah dicerna oleh ruminansia. Enzim yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme dapat meningkatkan protein kasar, lemak kasar, karbohidrat, serat kasar, vitamin dan mineral. Dengan demikian, metode fermentasi ampas sagu dan pemanfaatannya sebagai pakan dapat meningkatkan nilai gizi, sehingga produktivitas dapat meningkat bila diberikan sebagai pakan.

REVIEW: ANIMAL SERUM REPLACEMENT IN MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS CULTURE Ariyani Noviantari; Tati Febrianti
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Balai Bioteknologi, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

ABSTRACT Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being used in clinical applications and must comply with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) standards and The National Agency of Drug and Food Control (NA-DFC)) regulations. MSCs cultured using a culture medium and added with several supplements like animal serums. However, animal serums can be a source of virus transmission. Therefore, it is necessary to substitute supplements for the animal serum that are safe to use in cell therapy using MSCs. The paper discusses substituting animal serum MSCs culture. This paper is a literature review through a literature search in scientific journals and research reports that explains the various studies on free serum in the culture of MSCs. It can be concluded that human platelet lysate (hPL), human platelet-rich plasma (hPRP), human serum (hS), human umbilical cord serum/plasma (hUCS/P), or human plasma-derived supplement for cell culture medium (SCC) can be used as substitutes for animal serum in MSCs culture. ABSTRAK Terapi menggunakan sel punca mesenkim (SPM) mulai digunakan dalam aplikasi medis dan harus memenuhi standar Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) dan aturan serta regulasi dari Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM). SPM sebaiknya dikultur menggunakan medium kultur ditambahkan suplemen tertentu, misalnya serum hewan. Namun, bahan ini masih mengandung materi hewan yang dapat menjadi sumber transmisi virus. Oleh karena itu diperlukan adanya suplemen pengganti serum hewan yang aman digunakan dalam kultur SPM untuk keperluan terapi sel. Tulisan ini menguraikan tentang bahan pengganti serum dalam kultur SPM. Tulisan ini berupa review literatur yang didapatkan melalui penelusuran pustaka yang didapatkan dari internet. Human platelet lysate (hPL), human platelet-rich plasma (hPRP), human serum (hS), human umbilical cord serum/plasma (hUCS/hUCP), atau human plasma-derived supplement for cell culture medium (SCC) dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti serum pada kultur SPM.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Chaetoceros calcitrans AGAINST PATHOGEN Staphylococcus aureus AND Staphylococcus epidermidis CAUSING SKIN INFECTION Patricia Gita Naully; Firdha Rachmawati; Wahani Sanelik Ogan
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Balai Bioteknologi, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT)

ABSTRACT The microalgae Chaetoceros calcitrans has potential as a natural antibacterial but is rarely applied to pathogens that cause skin infections such as Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum concentration of C. calcitrans extract to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The antibacterial activity of C. calcitrans was tested by the Kirby Bauer diffusion method. The results showed that C. calcitrans extract dissolved in DMSO with the concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 25 mg mL-1 could produce inhibition zones on S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The average diameter of the largest inhibition zone resulted in the concentration of 25 mg mL-1, namely 10.1 ± 0.5 mm in S. aureus and 9.3 ± 0.5 mm in S. epidermidis. It can be concluded that the extract of C. calcitrans has antibacterial activity against bacteria that cause skin infections S. aureus and S. epidermidis with the optimum concentration of 25 mg mL-1. ABSTRAK Mikroalga Chaetoceros calcitrans berpotensi sebagai antibakteri alami namun masih jarang diaplikasikan pada patogen penyebab infeksi kulit seperti Staphylococcus aureus dan S. epidermidis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan konsentrasi ekstrak C. calcitrans yang paling optimum untuk menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus serta S. epidermidis. Aktivitas antibakteri C. calcitrans diuji dengan metode difusi Kirby Bauer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak C. calcitrans yang dilarutkan pada DMSO dengan konsentrasi 5, 10, 15, dan 25 mg mL-1 dapat menghasilkan zona hambat pada S. aureus dan S. epidermidis. Rata-rata diameter zona hambat terbesar dihasilkan konsentrasi 25 mg mL-1 yaitu 10,1 ± 0,5 mm pada S. aureus dan 9,3 ± 0,5 mm pada S. epidermidis. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak C. calcitrans memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri penyebab infeksi kulit S. aureus dan S. epidermidis dengan konsentrasi optimum sebesar 25 mg mL-1.

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