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Jurnal RISA
Published by Universitas Katolik Parahyangan
ISSN : 25488074     EISSN : -     DOI : https://doi.org/10.26593/risa
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Jurnal RISA aims to contribute to scientific research, practice, and education by publishing national and international studies. The scope of this journal includes the dissemination of research findings, ideas, and reviews in the following subject areas: 1. History, Theory, and Philosophy of Architecture; 2. Housing and Settlements; 3. Architecture and Urban Design; and 4. Building Management Technology.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Arsitektur
Articles 430 Documents
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PENERAPAN KONSEP SENTRALITAS PADA KERATON SURAKARTA HADININGRAT Winata, Denny; Astrina, Indri
Jurnal Riset Arsitektur Vol 6 No 03 (2022): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/risa.v6i03.5943.314-331

Abstract

Abstract - Keraton is a term to describe a place where Javanese ruler and his family lives. Keraton, which regarded as a historical building, holds an important role in development of a Javanese city. Entitled not only as a home for the ruler, the impact it embodies are also in effect of lives of the people such as in administrative sector. Keraton nowadays no longer be regarded as a governmental entity. As Indonesia has declared its independence, the function of a keraton changes into a building that tells history of its era, a building which has richness of history, culture, and religious insight. This gives keraton a new role as the center of knowledge and spiritual. Keraton Surakarta Hadiningrat is one of Javanese keratons that still being used. No longer as a center of government, this keraton, inhabited by the current Surakarta ruler SISKS Pakubuwono XIII, was a legacy of The Mataram Kingdom. As central entity of multiple circumstances, keraton fulfils the role it has in functional and architectural aspects. Nevertheless, the objective of this research is to identify and classify the architectural mass order of Keraton Surakarta Hadiningrat including the role of centrality that embodies in it. Qualitative research method using the descriptive and textual analysis approach is utilized to describe the concept of centrality that keraton has. Architect and design theorist, Christopher Alexander, develops the ideology of centrality which is then integrated with the cosmology concept Keraton Surakarta Hadiningrat has been built upon. This is to evoke the ground reason on why certain order has been used in the building complex of keraton, a centrality-driven architecture. Data have been gathered through site observation and literature references. Those are being categorized into two analytical focus group which are relation between keraton and the city of Surakarta (macro scale) and seven layers of Jambudvipa in keraton including Keraton’s Javanese vernacular roof (micro scale). Research foundings prove that keraton had a crucial role in a city planning from the implementation of Catur Gatra Tunggal concept apparent in Javanese city planning. Historical and cultural foundings dictate credibility on how Surakarta was developed after the existence of keraton. Foundings that emphasize on the concept of centrality reveal that there are significant intensity differences in a keraton. This is related to the functional and contextual location regarding the cosmology concept. The foundings also enlighten that the order of buildings in keraton are based on single, main hierarchy to the Kedhaton which is the heart of keraton. It is shown that although keraton has small centrality existence throughout the imaginary layers of Jambudvipa, the entity of small centrality elements reaffirms the main role of Kedhaton as well as strengthen its central quality. The bond and relationship of each layers are extremely strong in keraton. Key Words: centrality, order, keraton, cosmology, Surakarta, East Java
PENERAPAN DYNAMIC FACADE DENGAN SENSOR SUHU SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGAKATKAN KENYAMANAN TERMAL RUANG DALAM Raffael Kwa, Thomas; Enggar Sari, Wulani
Jurnal Riset Arsitektur Vol 6 No 03 (2022): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/risa.v6i03.5946.332-349

Abstract

Abstract - Facade is one of the elements in architecture that has a role in the thermal comfort of spaces in buildings. Facades have a variety of shapes and types that have their respective roles. As the development of facade technology can be developed with the help of mechanical engineering, industrial, and computer engineering. One of them is the dynamic facade of the Al Bahar building, Abu Dhabi, which uses technology such as computer programming to regulate the size of the facade's opening to the climate which is read by heat sensors which has the effect of reducing heat on the building's interior and reducing energy for artificial ventilation / air conditioning purposes.The shape of the triangle folds that are designed can close and open fully for visual interest in the inner space. It is estimated that the facade is able to reduce more than 50 percent of incoming heat and reduce the need for air conditioning in buildings. The purpose of this research is to study the workings of dynamic facades that use computer technology and also examine effective materials for use in Indonesia's tropical climate. This research used quantitative and experimental methods of facade mockup design. An experiment was made of facade mockups that were able to move similarly to the movements of the facade of Mashrabiya, Al Bahar, which required programs and computer coding to support movements that were adaptive to the surrounding climate. Keywords: adaptive, dynamic, facade, thermal
PERAN AGAMA TERHADAP ARSITEKTUR DESA KATOLIK PALASARI DAN DESA KRISTEN BLIMBINGSARI Geovano, Samuel; Pujianto, Franseno
Jurnal Riset Arsitektur Vol 6 No 04 (2022): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/risa.v6i04.6147.350-366

Abstract

Abstract - In Architecture and Order by (Pearson, 1993) , when explaining the relationship between architecture and culture, he used the term social space, which is a space formed by society through the habits, culture, and beliefs of a group of people. Social space can also be interpreted as a space created from the accumulation of group perceptions and beliefs in a space. Social space is formed from the relations of objects in space that generally facilitate and support the activities of a group of people. So, the social space that is formed should be able to accommodate the needs of activities and follow the identity of the people who inhabit it. In Jembrana Regency, there are two villages with unique cultures, Palasari Village and Blimbingsari Village. Palasari Village is a village with Balinese natives who embrace the Catholic religion, while Blimbingsari Village is a village with a homogeneous Balinese population who adheres to Christianity. Since the beginning, the two villages were designed with the values of religion and belief, Palasari Village was established with the "Dorf Model" which is a Catholic Village with a Balinese face, while Blimbingsari Village was designed to be a Christian village. This led to the formation of unique social, cultural and religious activities in these two villages. Over time, the two villages developed into tourist villages with the main attraction of pilgrimage tourism. This study aims to determine the role of religion in the architecture of Palasari Catholic Village and Blimbingsari Christian Village. The final result of this research is to reveal the role of religious culture on architecture in the two villages. This research is interesting to carry out because the studies that have been done on the two villages have not yet discussed the role of religion in the architecture of the two villages. Data collection in this study was carried out using observation, interviews, documentation, and a literature study method. Then the data collected is classified into morphological and topological data which will then be analyzed by (Pearson, 1993) theory of the influence of culture on architecture. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative by describing the existing state of the two villages and revealing the relationship between belief and religious values with the architecture of the two villages. Based on this analysis, the two villages will be compared and conclusions are drawn based on the analysis result. It was concluded that the architecture of Palasari and Blimbingsari villages was influenced by the religion of each villager as a result of the application of conservative beliefs & religious values, religious activities & rituals, as well as ethnic, group & social order factors owned by residents of both villages. Keywords: religion, beliefs, Palasari Village, Blimbingsari Village
UPAYA PENGHEMATAN ENERGI PENYEJUK BANGUNAN MELALUI MODIFIKASI DESAIN FASAD PADA TOWER HOTEL @HOM SEMARANG Mayasari Krisnawan, Patricia; Agus Susanto, Paulus
Jurnal Riset Arsitektur Vol 6 No 04 (2022): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/risa.v6i04.6148.367-383

Abstract

Abstract - Hotel @HOM Semarang is one of several high-rise buildings in the central area of ​​Semarang City. During the several years the building has been operating, there have been several problems encountered by the hotel, such as the penetration of solar heat in hotel rooms facing the Northwest and Southeast directions. Preliminary research results at the Hotel @HOM Semarang indicate that the overall thermal transfer value or OTTV of the building still exceeds the recommended value. This study aims to determine alternative facade modifications that can be applied to Hotel @HOM as an effort to save energy in building conditioning and determine the potential uses of alternative facade modifications for Hotel @HOM. The research uses quantitative methods with a case study approach. Energy evaluation was carried out by manual calculation using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet based on the thermal balance and OTTV methods. Efforts to reduce cooling energy consumption were chosen based on consideration of minimal structural changes. The modifications made consisted of adding external shade which was divided into second skin and shade fins, window-to-wall ratio reduction, changing the glass material on the windows, and changing the paint color of the outer walls. The existing building and the modifications made are then calculated to determine the cooling energy savings produced and compared to determine the peringkat. Based on the calculation results, the modification with the highest saving effectiveness is through the addition of a second skin, followed by window-to-wall ratio reduction, changing the glass material, adding shade fins, and changing the paint color of the outer walls. The modification with the highest cost savings is the addition of shade fins, followed by changing the paint color of the outer walls, adding a second skin, changing the glass material, and window-to-wall ratio reduction. Based on the opinions of practitioners in the fields of architecture, construction, and building management which were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the RII (Relative Important Index), the modification with the highest rank was the addition of shade fins, followed by the addition of a second skin, window-to-wall ratio reduction, replacing glass material, and changing the paint color of the outer walls. Keywords: Energy saving, Cooling load, Façade, Semarang
OPTIMALISASI NILAI ILUMINASI DENGAN SKYLIGHT DAN MATERIAL TRANSPARAN UNTUK BANGUNAN DERET-BERTINGKAT PADA RUKO GAIA DI AYODHYA, ALAM SUTERA, TANGERANG Devina D, Felisitas; Mandala, Ariani
Jurnal Riset Arsitektur Vol 6 No 04 (2022): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/risa.v6i04.6149.384-403

Abstract

Abstract - Multi-story row buildings such as shophouses have problems in accommodating the need for natural lighting due to the linear typology of the building, limitations in making side openings, and consisting of two or more floors. This typology of buildings results in an uneven distribution of light, especially in the middle to the back of the building and on floors other than the top floor. One effort to incorporate natural light or daylight into the elongated shophouse building is to use top lighting. However, the existence of the top lighting does not allowing light to reach the floor other than the top floor of the shophouse due to the obstruction of the floor surface.Transparent materials such as glass allow higher light transmission than opaque materials, so using glass materials can increase the illumination of the space behind the glass. The purpose of this study was to assess the suitability of the illumination level in Ruko Gaia's natural lighting design to the values ​​of Daylight Factor (DF), Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA), and Annual Sunlight Exposure (aSE) according to the BREEAM and IES LM-83-12 standards, to examine the effect of changing the position of the stair-skylight and the use of transparent materials on the floor-stairs plane to the illumination level, as well as optimizing the design to increase the DF value according to the standards used. The research begins by evaluating the illumination level of Ruko Gaia’s natural lighting design. By conducting alternative simulations, an assessment will be made to see the effect of changing the position of the skylight-stairs and the use of transparent materials on the floor-stairs plane to the building’s illumination level. If the resulting illumination level has not reached the specified standard, optimization is carried out by increasing the Visible Transmittance value or adding skylight dimensions. The method used is quantitative in the form of evaluation of planning designs and alternative simulations. The theories and data for the Ruko Gaia were collected from literature studies, websites, brochures, and property agents, as well as simulation data processing with SketchUp and Lightstanza software. Based on the evaluation, the illumination level at the Ruko Gaia has not met the BREEAM standard of the DF value in overcast sky conditions, especially on the ground floor. Various alternative studies have concluded that although increasing the DF value, changing the position of the skylights and the use of transparent floors have not resulted in the DF value according to the BREEAM standard. Optimization of the DF value can be achieved by increasing the VLT value or increasing the dimensions of the skylight. Key Words: Multi-story row building, natural lighting, daylight, skylight, transparent material, illumination level, Daylight Factor
PELESTARIAN WUJUD BUDAYA JAWA PADA STRUKTUR DAN KONSTRUKSI MASJID SAID NAUM Rahma D, Indira; Suryono Sombu, Alwin
Jurnal Riset Arsitektur Vol 6 No 04 (2022): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/risa.v6i04.6150.404-422

Abstract

Abstract - In contemporary architecture, the practice of assimilating and reinterpreting traditional philosophies in recent architectural works are experiencing a surge. Traditional architecture of the past are conserved in present-day time, and is considered a development of traditional concepts with advanced technology. In spite of these progressions, the advent of modern architecture replaces the craftsmanship of local designs, such as the simplification of structural elements and ornaments. These conservation efforts are sometimes done without any care for the philosophical aspect of traditional forms, only imitating the physical aspects. This research aims to discover Javanese cultural forms embedded in Said Naum Mosque, and the preservation methods used. Specific attributes to be researched further are the structural and construction systems. Qualitative methods are used to elaborate the structure and construction system of Said Naum Mosque, and identification of the Javanese cultural forms. The mosque is then compared to other Javanese mosques to break down the similarities and differences. The end result of the research uncovers the Javanese culture preserved in the structure and construction system in the form of artefacts, activities, and ideas. Conservation methods taken are adapting and preserving of the cultural forms. Adaptation of Javanese artefacts in the physical attributes of Said Naum Mosque were found, where the architect’s reinterpretations such as the removal of soko guru and the innovation of tajug are done in accordance to make use of newer, more modern materials such as concrete and steel. Activities are mostly preserved, considering the function did not stray much from the Javaneses’ piety and social relations. The forms of ideas and concepts underwent both adaptations and preservations, where adaptations happen as a more modern movement in structural and spatial, while preserving the Javanese people’s characters; understanding of each other and consideration for the nature. The research concludes that Said Naum Mosque’s structural and construction aspects have underwent an extensive adaptation process, but still yielded an architectural product that conserved the culture of Java. This is especially evident in the structural order which follows the Javanese concepts of verticality and the honest, as-is nature of Javanese structural expressions. Keywords: conservation, Javanese culture, structure, tectonics, Said Naum Mosque
PENGARUH DESAIN DINDING SUSUNAN BATA BERONGGA SEBAGAI SELUBUNG BANGUNAN TERHADAP KENYAMANAN TERMAL RUANG KELAS SEKOLAH ALFA OMEGA TANGERANG Alfred Aritonang, Dickinson; Yusnita Nugroho, Nancy
Jurnal Riset Arsitektur Vol 6 No 04 (2022): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/risa.v6i04.6151.423-439

Abstract

Abstrak - Alfa Omega School is a school that has a design that responds to nature. The design strategy is made in such a way that in terms of design concepts, it answers the climate problems in which the school is built. Located in an area that has a tropical climate, with more specifically swamps and rice fields, the climate around the place feels uncomfortable with high temperatures and humidity levels that are above the level of thermal comfort for activities. The school is designed by processing the building skin. Raw Architect, as the party who designed this school, chose brick material for the main reason of raising the locality in the area. In addition, by using brick material as part of the architectural elements in the building, they can create a carbon footprint to a minimum, namely emissions from human activities that in a long time will have a negative impact on nature, which means they can create designs that are not only elevating locality but also environmentally friendly. The purpose of this research is to see whether the effect of deinding with hollow brick arrangement in the room building envelope design on the thermal comfort that is being made in the Alfa Omega School design. This research is an evaluative-experimental research with a quantitative approach by describing conditions and conditions both in terms of architectural and thermal comfort, which are then compared to the theory of thermal comfort in general and more specifically as a school. This research was conducted indirectly through the media of computers, the internet, and a simulation program to measure the level of thermal comfort at the Alpha Omega School. The result of his research is an understanding of how the influence of the wall with a hollow brick arrangement as a building envelope in response to the existing climate in the area, so that it can be understood how the ability of the tire walls in the space to achieve thermal comfort that can support the activity in it as school. And if thermal discomfort is found in the application of this material as a building envelope, a way to optimize its thermal quality will be sought with simulation theories and experiments. Keywords: Thermal comfort, building envelope, holey walls, schools
CERMINAN ARSITEKTUR NUSANTARA PADA TAMPILAN GEDUNG PUSAT ADMINISTRASI UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA, DEPOK Nur Alia, Demitra; Saliya, Yuswadi
Jurnal Riset Arsitektur Vol 6 No 04 (2022): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/risa.v6i04.6152.440-451

Abstract

Abstract - Nusantara architecture is a knowledge passed down from generation to generation in the matter of designing space, in accordance with geoclimatic conditions, which embodies diversity from Sabang to Merauke. Nusantara architecture can be classified as an element of culture in the realm of architectural knowledge. Without realizing it, the essence of the Nusantara Architecture knowledge will always be embedded in Nusantara society, like an identity. The track record of Nusantara Architecture is recorded in the oral society, where stories and objects become the medium used to record and trace the knowledge of Nusantara Architecture. The absence of a written track record gives the impression that Nusantara Architecture has sunk. One of the records of Nusantara Architecture that can be found to this day is the Nusantara Temple, which is iconic and monumental. Temples holds importance and virtue that exceeds other buildings. The brilliance of the architecture of temples can illustrate how rich the culture, civilization, and architecture in the Nusantara. Apart from accommodating certain functions and activities, temples can also be used as a means of expressing Nusantara culture. Nusantara architecture is often regarded as something ancient and out of date. The influence of Western architecture was more easily accepted by the people of the Nusantara, thus encouraging a fusion of culture that faded the touch of Nusantara in Indonesian architecture, resulting in a shift in spatial structure, appearance of form and appearance, to scale and proportion. The current Nusantara Architecture should grow, transform, become global, but still holds strength that comes from the local context. The study aims to examine the concepts of Nusantara Architecture of the object of study, which is an educational building built in the modern era. The research method used is qualitative-descriptive, and is carried out through colleting data, which goes hand in hand with supporting literature studies. In this study, the main theory used is the Nusantara Architecture Theory by Prof. Josef Prijotomo, who was later assisted by the method of Temple Elements. Comparison with the temple will be used as a tool to analyze the object of study, the Central Administration Building of University of Indonesia. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the Central Administration Building of University of Indonesia has the temple elements in its architecture, which includes twelve elements, namely hierarchy, axis, divison of three, geometric composition, rhythm and repetition, perspective effect, symmetry, mimetic, composition, solids-voids, textures – line elements – dark/light effects, biomimetic ornaments, and materials. By fulfilling the temple elements, it can be stated that the Central Administration Building of University of Indonesia reflects the Nusantara Architecture, through a process of transformation with a touch of modern architecture. Keywords: Nusantara Architecture, Temple, Appearance, Universitas Indonesia Administrative Center Building
MAKNA ZONASI LITURGI GEREJA KATOLIK SANTO IGNATIUS LOYOLA Florida da Cunha, Clara; Salura, Purnama
Jurnal Riset Arsitektur Vol 7 No 01 (2023): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/risa.v7i01.6358.1-15

Abstract

Abstract - After the Second Vatican Council was held, the Catholic Church which tends to be warm with its gothic style identity is now taking on more diverse forms because the church has begun to accept diversity on earth. The various forms of church buildings do not show their function as God's house. There are churches that look like malls, museums, stadiums, and so on. While the main function of the church is to accommodate liturgical activities which are symbolic activities to praise and worship God. As we know activities affect the space requirements, as well as liturgical activities that move linearly so that they affect the linear form of the church. Pope Benedict XVI became concerned about the fading of meaning in the catholic church, thus forming a congregation to discuss the meaning of sacredness in the church. It is important to discuss this to see if the meaning of the centralized form of the Catholic Church is similar to the meaning of the church in accordance with its linear activity. With that, the purpose of this study is to reveal the meaning of the liturgical zonation of the Catholic Church of St. Ignatius Loyola with a Spectrum of Meaning approach. The methodology used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative-deductive approach. The first method is to collect collective data by recording study object data and opening the building into 3 zones of liturgy space, called Narthex, Nave and Sanctuary with Theory Of Property And Composition. Second, to make reference to the plan and liturgical zonation of the Catholic Church with the approach of Martasudjita, Eliade, Hoffman, Jones, and Barrie. Third, data collection analysis by interview triangulation of sources to architects, church users, and church visitors with a semantic scale. Fourth, using the Spectrum of Meaning theory to reveal the meaning contained in each Zone Of Liturgy Spaces. The result of the study is the meaning of the liturgical zonation of the Church of St. Ignatius Loyola is dominated by the meaning of collective convention with relation to man-made causality. The meaning of man-made causality creates universal convention that the composition of space and architectural elements forms a church related to the symbolic meaning that supports liturgical activities well and expresses the meaning of symbolic values that underlie faith events of liturgical activities. This research aims to be a reference for theoretical and practical architects, church managers, and people to understand the composition of space and architectural elements that create the architectural meaning of the Catholic Church. Keywords: Catholic Church, Meaning, Form, Liturgi, Spectrum of Meaning
IMPLEMENTASI PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL PADA DOUBLE SKIN FACADE SEBAGAI UPAYA MENCAPAI KENYAMANAN TERMAL RUANG DALAM BANGUNAN PADA KONTEKS KOTA BANDUNG Setiawan, Laurensius; Enggar Sari, Wulani
Jurnal Riset Arsitektur Vol 7 No 01 (2023): RISET ARSITEKTUR "RISA"
Publisher : Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/risa.v7i01.6359.16-30

Abstract

Abstract - The building envelope is one of the important building elements to create indoor thermal comfort of the building because it interacts directly with the environment outside the building. Double skin facade is one of the building envelope design strategies that not only be used as part of the building facade design but can also be used to increase the indoor thermal comfort of the building. Along with the development of technology, design of the double skin facade is also increasingly diverse and developing, one of which is the material technology used. Phase change material is a material that is quite renewable and can be applied to various building elements such as building envelopes or double skin facades. Phase change material is a material that has the ability to release and store latent heat energy for a relatively long period of time without experiencing a change in temperature. Phase change materials have the ability to change phase from liquid to solid or vice versa. Some types of phase change materials have a transparent character so that this character can be utilized and applied to transparent building elements such as building envelopes or double skin facades as a strategy to increase the indoor thermal comfort of the building. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of phase change materials on the building's double-skin facade on the thermal comfort of indoor buildings in the city of Bandung. phase change material itself is a material that has not been widely applied, especially in the world of architecture so that research on phase change materials can increase knowledge about strategic innovations to achieve thermal comfort in buildings. This type of research is quantitative research with experimental methods using digital simulation. Experiments with digital simulations were carried out using Design Builder and EnergyPlus software. The analysis is carried out by comparing the conditions of the simulation model before the application of the phase change material on the double skin facade and after the application of the phase change material on the double skin facade. Based on the analysis process, it is concluded that the application of phase change materials can increase indoor thermal comfort. The alternative double skin facade design with a phase change material has an average operating temperature change effect of up to 7.34% compared to a room without the use of phase change material. Keywords: phase change material, double skin facade, indoor thermal comfort

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