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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
Published by Creative Pharma Assent
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23480335     DOI : 10.18231
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR) is an official publication of Creative Pharma Assent (CPA). It is an open access, peer review online international journal. JOAPR is primarily focused on multiple discipline of pharmaceutical sciences (Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutics, Cosmetic Technology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Herbal drugs/ formulations, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest) which publish quarterly. JOAPR also includes evaluation of pharmaceutical excipients & their practical application to research & industry based efforts. The aim of the scientific journal, JOAPR is to present a wide area for the current researchers to share their noble works and ideas in terms of the research papers, review articles and short communications. JOAPR only publish the original research works with a definite innovation and novelty after thorough reviewing. The paper must have a suitable and proper scientific background.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 459 Documents
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Investigation of bioactive compounds and antimicrobial sensitivity of pawpaw (Carica papaya) leave extracts against morbific micro-organisms O I Ogidi; P. S. Tobia; D. N. Ijere; U. M. Akpan; O. Omu; H. E. Carbom; A. R. Iyosayi
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/J.JOAPR.2020.21.28

Abstract

Pawpaw (Carica papaya) is a notable plant due to its medicinal benefits used globally to treat diseases which include dengue, malaria, inflammation, and skin infections. This study was aimed at investigating the bioactive compounds and antimicrobial sensitivity of Pawpaw (Carica papaya) leave extracts against morbific micro-organisms. The bioactive compounds of C. papaya leaves were analyzed using Chemical Standard techniques as reported in literatures and antimicrobial assay was done using agar well diffusion techniques. Qualitative phytochemical screening results of pawpaw leaves shows the presence of glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, saponins and terpenoids. The antimicrobial sensitivity result reveals higher zones of inhibition of methanolic extract against Staphylococcus sp (11.4±0.3 mm), Vibrio sp (10.3±0.2 mm), E. coli (9.7±0.3 mm), Shigella sp (9.1±0.3 mm), Yeast (9.1±0.3 mm) and Penicillium sp (8.3±0.4 mm). While aqueous extract shows higher zone of inhibition against Mould (8.0±0.5 mm). This study revealed pawpaw leaves contains secondary metabolites (bioactive compounds) while the antimicrobial sensitivity against the microorganisms explains the possibility of using the leaves as antibiotic substances (antimicrobial agents). Therefore, pawpaw leaves could be a significant source of medicine for the treatment of various fungal and bacterial infections.
Effects of dexmedetomidine on perioperative monitoring parameters and recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a 300 bedded hospital, Jaipur Mohit Kumar; Varun Kumar Saini; Kumar Asnani; Vivek Singhal; Rajesh Bhargava; Shaveta Kataria
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2022.10.3.18.27

Abstract

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has emerged over the open cholecystectomy as gold standard for surgical treatment of symptomatic gall stones. Although pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is less intense, but many patients may experience considerable pain during first 24 hours in post-operative period. Intravenous (i.v.) use of dexmedetomidine in perioperative period lead to 90% decrease in the serum catecholamine levels, and further diminishing the haemodynamic response and sedating the patient and decrease analgesic requirements in the post-operative period. The efficacy of dexmedetomidine in providing hemodynamic stability during perioperative period and anesthesial recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy is studied. Methods: 60 patients of ASA grade I and II and of either sex (20–50 years) allocated in one of two parallel groups containing 30 patients each. In Group A- Dexmedetomidine (i.v.) bolus over 10min and continuous maintenance infusion 0.5µg/kg/h and in group B-0.9% normal saline i.v. bolus and continuous maintenance infusion was done. Parameters noted were heart rate, mean arterial pressure, oxygen saturation, post-operative pain were evaluated using VAS and analgesic requirement. Results: Both the groups were similar results in terms of age, sex, weight, ASA status, duration of surgery and hemodynamic parameters. SBP, DBP, MAP, SpCO2, EtCO2 values for both the groups were similar at all the intervals of time. No significant side effects were noted. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine, pre-anaesthetic medication and its intraoperative infusion, further reducing the intraoperative anaesthetic requirement, sympathoadrenal response to intubation, maintains intraoperative cardiovascular stability, smooth extubation, sedation, and reduction in postoperative complications.
Effect of priming in preventing myoclonic movements after intravenous induction with etomidate in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a randomised controlled interventional study Mukesh K Sunda; Kanchan Chauhan; Rajeev Kumar Prajapati; Krishna Boliwal
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2022.10.3.39.45

Abstract

Etomidate is a hypnotic drug used as an intravenous anaesthetic induction agent. Etomidate causes myoclonic movements in 50-80% patients after induction which makes it less desirable for induction. Aim: Present study was to determine the effect of priming in preventing myoclonic movements after intravenous injection with etomidate in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Materials and Methods: 108 patients ASA grade III scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were allocated randomly in two groups- Group A (n=54): Patients received induction dose of 0.3mg/kg I.V. etomidate, Group B (n=54): Patients received a priming dose of 0.03mg/kg etomidate I.V. followed after 1 minute by induction dose of 0.3 mg/kg I.V. etomidate over 20 seconds. 3 minutes after the start of induction with etomidate, patients in both groups were given injection fentanyl 4mcg/kg followed by injection Rocuronium (1mg/kg bodyweight) to facilitate tracheal intubation. The occurrence and intensity of myoclonus were observed for 3 min from the start of injection of the induction dose and graded clinically by a blinded observer as: 0=no myoclonus, 1=mild myoclonus, 2=moderate myoclonus and 3=severe myoclonus. Result: The average dose of etomidate used during induction and demographic variables were similar in both the groups. The incidence of myoclonus in priming Group (27/54 [50%] was significantly lower than in control Group (45/54 [83.33%].Myoclonus of moderate or severe grade occurred in significantly more patients in control Group (68.3%) than in priming Group (36.5%).Conclusion: Pre-treatment with etomidate (0.03 mg/kg), given 60 seconds before induction of anaesthesia is more effective in reducing the incidence of etomidate-induced myoclonus without related side-effects.
An overview on fundamentals of immediate release drug delivery system Yogita Bundela; Dilip Agrawal; Gaurav Bhaduka
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2022.10.3.1.4

Abstract

Tablet is most popular among all dosage forms today because of its convenience, ease of administration, greater flexibility in dosage form design, ease of production, and low cost and non-invasive therapy. Formulation of tablets requires API along with excipients. Excipients include lubricants, diluents, binders, glidants, disintegrants, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, etc. Recent trends indicate that multi-particulate drug delivery systems are suitable for achieving extended-release oral formulation with a low risk of dose dumping, mixing flexibility to attain difference release patterns, and reproducible and short gastric residence time. Modern technology in immediate-release tablets, such as novel granulation techniques and electrostatic dry powder coating techniques, are prevalent nowadays. Recently, the immediate-release formulation has been similar to various sustained-release formulations that are currently readily attainable.
A brief overview of sustained released drug delivery system Priyanka Prajapat; Dilip Agrawal; Gaurav Bhaduka
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2022.10.3.5.11

Abstract

The most popular and patient-friendly method of drug administration is often thought to be the oral route of administration. Compared to conventional release formulations, advancements in formulation technology, including modified release dosage forms or sustained release oral dosage forms, have been extensively accepted. A sustained release dosage form provides a prolonged release of the drug over an extended period, thereby giving better patient compliance and enhanced bioavailability. Sustain release systems are considered a wiser approach for drugs with short half-lives requiring repeated dosing. Sustained release drug delivery has a range of advantages over conventional dosage forms, including increased patient compliance due to less frequent drug administration, significantly reduced steady state drug level fluctuations, maximum drug utilization, the increased safety margin of potent drugs, lower healthcare costs due to improved therapy, and shorter treatment times. The present review focuses on design, fabrication, and various factors that influence the performance of sustained-release dosage forms.
Analgesic effect of intravenous versus intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to intraperitoneal bupivacaine (0.125%) in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized, double blind, interventional study Chitra Singh; Priyanka Jain; Pratibha Rathore; Harimohan Sharma; Shailja Bamniya
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2022.10.3.12.17

Abstract

Background and Aims: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has emerged as a gold standard technique for gall bladder stones. The aim of the present study was to compare the analgesic effect of intravenous (IV) vs intraperitoneal (IP) dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to intraperitoneal (IP) bupivacaine in laparoscopy. Methods: A prospective, randomized, double blind, interventional study was conducted on 100 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy where they were divided into following 2 groups: Group A: Patients received IV 1µg/kg dexmedetomidine diluted to 30 ml with normal saline over 10 min and 40 ml of 0.125% bupivacaine IP after removal of gall bladder. Group B: Patients received IV 30 ml of normal saline and 1µg/kg IP dexmedetomidine in 40 ml of 0.125% IP bupivacaine after removal of gall bladder. The primacy outcome was noted as a difference in mean duration for need of first rescue analgesia. The total consumption of analgesic in first 24hours was recorded and compared between the two groups. Results: Both the groups were comparable in terms of demographic profile and intraoperative hemodynamic parameters with no statistical difference. Comparison of time to first analgesic requirement between the two groups showed statistically significant results with unpaired t test The time of first rescue analgesia in Group A was 151.80 min ± 76.624. and in Group B was 94.80min ± 21.499. The total analgesic requirement in 24 hours in Group A was 136.64 ± 31.251 and in Group B was 144.12 ± 21.49. Conclusion: In our study we concluded that intravenous dexmetomidine provided superior analgesia as compared to intraperitoneal dexmetomidine when used as an adjuvant with Bupivacaine intraperitoneally.
In-silico ADME prediction and molecular docking study of novel benzimidazole-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as CYP51 inhibitors for antimicrobial activity Shivanand Kolageri; S Hemanth; Mahesh Parit
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2022.10.3.28.38

Abstract

A class of innovative benzimidazole-1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives is a significant heterocyclic molecule for therapeutic development. In heterocyclic chemistry, the novel 1,3,4-Oxadiazole nucleus has a wide range of uses, including antibacterial, treatment. Molecular docking is frequently employed in contemporary drug design to comprehend drug-receptor interaction. Swiss dock, PyRx, and discovery studio visualizer (DSV) tools were used to predict in-silico ADME properties. In the current investigation, substituted benzimidazole-1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives were taken for docking studies against 6AYB an Naegleria fowleri CYP51-ketoconazole complex. The main objective of the study is to perform docking of the selected benzimidazole-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives on the protein and compare the docking score with standard ketoconazole. The molecular docking study was conducted using PyRx and the discovery studio visualizer (DSV) program, Naegleria fowleri CYP51-ketoconazole complex (6AYB) was obtained from the protein data bank (PDB) site. It was found that the docking score of all sixteen 1,3,4-Oxadiazole compounds ranged from -8.1 to -8.9 Kcal/mol. The novel benzimidazole with 1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives has been found to possess antibacterial properties, many substituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives have been reported for the activity
Implementation and comparison of different taste masking techniques to design and assess dispersible tablet formulations Alaa Elawni; Zuheir Osman; Mohammed Salih; Waleed Elballa; Mohammed Shayoub
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2022.10.4.1.13

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of several taste-masking techniques and to study the impact of different formulation variables on the physicochemical properties of dispersible tablets containing Ranitidine as a model drug. Ranitidine powder was taste masked using various techniques. Factorial design (24) was applied to design the set of tablet formulations. The four factors implemented were the manufacturing method, filler type, superdisintegrant type and superdisintegrant concentration. Levels selected were direct compression and wet granulation for the manufacturing method, microcrystalline cellulose and mannitol for the diluent type, sodium starch glycolate and croscarmellose sodium for superdisintegrant type, and 2% and 10% for superdisintegrant concentration. Granulation with calcium carbonate (ratio of 1:8) was the taste-masking method of choice to be implemented. The formulated tablets results revealed that the manufacturing method has a significant influence on all the tested physicochemical properties (p-values < 0.05) such as tablet’s weight variation, hardness, friability, and disintegration time. Croscarmellose sodium obtained better results than sodium starch glycolate. Both fillers obtained good properties when implementing direct compression method with croscarmellose sodium concentration of 2%, or wet granulation method with croscarmellose sodium concentration of 10%. Drug release was also increased by increasing concentration of croscarmellose sodium. These findings represent an easy manufacturing procedure with relatively low-cost materials that can be implemented to formulate dispersible tablets of bitter tasting drugs that will enhance patient compliance and lead to faster onset of action.
Swine flu (H1N1) pandemic strain-09 PDM: A recent outbreak in northern India Vinita Choudhary; Chetan Choudhary; Ayushi Sharma; Vinod Kumar Sharma; Pushpendra Saraswat
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10 No. 4 (2022)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2022.10.4.19.24

Abstract

Objective: To Identify molecular characterization of swine flu (H1N1) pdm 09 and seasonal flu (influenza A). Materials and methods: NP/OP Swab specimen of 142 patients were collected aseptically in VTM. Nucleic Acid was extracted manually and was processed in Real-Time PCR for identification of swine flu (H1N1) 09 pdm and seasonal flu (inf A). Results: In this study, 142 patients presented with signs and symptoms of Flu like illness patients and were tested by Real-time PCR. Out of total 32 (22.53%) positive specimens, 18(56.25%) were positive swine flu(H1N1) 09 pdm and 14(43.73%) were positive seasonal flu (inf A). Conclusion: We report a tiny outbreak of 18 swine flu (H1N1) 09 pdm and 14 seasonal flu cases in our hospital, from Jan 2022 to June 2022. The outbreak involved persons of all age groups, but it mostly affected paediatric age group.
Clinical comparison of analgesic efficacy of addition of injection dexamethasone 8mg to 20ml 0.5% levobupivacaine in ultrasonography assisted supraclavicular brachial plexus block Chetali Das; Rajni Mathur; Srishti Kukreja
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2022.10.4.14.18

Abstract

Background: Ultrasonography-assisted supraclavicular block is an efficacious and practical method and allows us to use a lower volume of local anesthetic in compactly arranged brachial plexus. The study envisioned evaluating the analgesic and anesthetic effects of Inj. dexamethasone (8mg) as an adjuvant to 0.5% levobupivacaine to determine the time for first rescue analgesia and number of rescue analgesics needed in 24 hours duration in brachial plexus blockade in adult patients listed for upper limb surgeries. Results: This prospective randomized double-blind interventional study was carried out in ASAI and II, aged 20 to 55 years. In group A (n=30) Inj. Levobupivacaine 20ml and Inj. Normal saline 2ml was given. In group B (n=30) Inj. Levobupivacaine 20ml and Inj. Dexamethasone 2ml was given. The time for the demand of the first rescue analgesia was 431.50 ± 46.15 minutes in group A and 749.38 ± 62.41 minutes in group B, with a p-value < 0.001. The demand for rescue analgesics was more in Group A in contrast to Group B. Conclusion: We deduce with our study, with the addition of dexamethasone, the time for rescue analgesia is prolonged, and the number of rescue analgesic demands is reduced, with a faster onset and extended duration of both sensory and motor block.

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