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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
Published by Creative Pharma Assent
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23480335     DOI : 10.18231
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR) is an official publication of Creative Pharma Assent (CPA). It is an open access, peer review online international journal. JOAPR is primarily focused on multiple discipline of pharmaceutical sciences (Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutics, Cosmetic Technology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Herbal drugs/ formulations, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest) which publish quarterly. JOAPR also includes evaluation of pharmaceutical excipients & their practical application to research & industry based efforts. The aim of the scientific journal, JOAPR is to present a wide area for the current researchers to share their noble works and ideas in terms of the research papers, review articles and short communications. JOAPR only publish the original research works with a definite innovation and novelty after thorough reviewing. The paper must have a suitable and proper scientific background.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 459 Documents
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Molecular dynamic simulation studies of hemidesmus indicus-derived oleanen-3-yl acetate in stat3 based tumor signaling J Renukadevi; V S Karthikha; J Sam Helinto; D. Prena; Arockiya Rabin A
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i5.670

Abstract

Background: This study shows how oleanen-3-yl acetate, a plant substance found in Hemidesmus indicus, can be used as a medicine by looking at how it interacts with important signaling proteins in tumor inflammation. Methodology: Molecular docking and dynamics simulation analysis was carried out using PyRx and GROMACS to investigate the binding affinities and the interactions of oleanen-3-yl acetate with critical signaling protein receptors, including STAT3, NF-κB p105, and p53. Results: According to the docking studies, it has a strong binding energy of -8.1 kcal/mol for interacting with STAT3. This supports a strong downregulation of the STAT3-NF-κB signaling axis, a key factor in tumor inflammation. It sheds light on the conformational changes induced by Oleanen derivatives during binding, demonstrating its ability to destabilize the complex and enhance p53's apoptotic activity. Discussion: The RMSD values are maintained below at 2 Å throughout the simulation period, confirming the high structural stability of the ligand-protein complexes, while RMSF analysis is maintained at minimal fluctuation (<1.5 Å) involving key residues,  supporting the best ligand-protein interactions. The fluctuations in root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) and root mean square deviation (RMSD) values further elucidate their involvement in the initiation of apoptosis in cancer cells. Conclusion: It shows an effective way to find new drugs and gives useful information for the future development of therapeutic agents based on Hemidesmus indicus in tumor inflammation.  This research provides a robust technical foundation for further experimental validation and optimization in the drug development pipeline.
Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: An update on the molecular mechanism, biomarkers and management Amaan, Mohd; Goel, Radha; Paul, Surovi; Danish, Iqbal
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.673

Abstract

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent that is effective against various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. However, its clinical application is severely limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, which affects nearly 26% of patients. Objective: This review focuses on recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, particularly highlighting the roles of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Methods: We have reviewed and retrieved the relevant information by probing the main keywords in online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science, etc.). Screening of relevant literature was done to pick suitable content based on the pharmacological profile of DOX. Key biomarkers such as troponins, brain natriuretic peptides (BNP), and atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) are crucial for early detection of cardiac injury. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), mediated by enzymes like NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial cytochrome c, is central in triggering apoptosis and cardiomyocyte damage. Furthermore, DOX’s impact extends to other organs, notably the liver and kidneys, contributing to systemic toxicity. Conclusion: This review synthesizes current strategies to mitigate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, including applying antioxidants, liposomal DOX formulations, and emerging nanocarrier technologies designed to enhance therapeutic selectivity. Looking ahead, integrating personalized medicine approaches and developing innovative therapeutic interventions hold promise for balancing DOX's antitumor efficacy with a reduced risk of cardiotoxicity. By addressing critical gaps in our understanding, this review highlights the need for integrative approaches combining biomarker discovery and targeted therapies to optimize patient outcomes and guide future research directions.
Formulation and development of Commiphora myrrha based polyherbal nanoemulsion mouthwash and assessment of its anti-oxidant and cytotoxicity activity Yusof, Norafiqah; David, Sheba R; Mumin, Nuramalina H; Ahmad, Liyana; Rajabalaya, Rajan
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i5.679

Abstract

Background: A Commiphora myrrha (CM)-based polyherbal mouthwash with enhanced stability and oral bioavailability was developed using a high-energy homogenization method. Methodology: The formulations primarily consist of herbal extracts from CM, ginger, and white tea, optimized based on various parameters, including organoleptic properties, pH, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR- FTIR). Stability studies were also conducted on each formulation. Results and Discussion: The particle sizes ranged from 77 to 216 nm, with zeta potential values between -0.92 and -2.09 ± 0.38 mV, indicating stability. ATR- FTIR studies confirmed no interaction between the ingredients. Antioxidant activity was significant, with IC50 values for pure extracts of CM, white tea, and ginger being 0.071 ± 0.003, 0.073 ± 0.004, and 0.066 ± 0.004 mg/ml, respectively. For formulations M1 and M2, IC50 values were 1.030 ± 0.901 and 0.495 ± 0.496 mg/ml, respectively, showing a concentration-dependent increase in antioxidant activity. The MTT cytotoxicity assay showed high cell viability for M1 (96.1%) and M2 (133.3%) at 0.002 mg/ml, suggesting low cytotoxicity, though variability in results indicated further assay optimization. High standard deviations, 0.06 and 0.208, indicated limitations in experimental conditions emphasizing the need for improved assay parameters for accuracy. Conclusion: The mouthwash formulations, M1 and M2 Show promise, with future work focusing on increasing CM concentration and refining cytotoxicity testing methods to ensure reliable data for subsequent antibacterial and in vivo studies.
Analyzing the mechanisms involved in the antidiabetic activity of some native plants Dehury, Lorie; Mahapatra, Satyapriya; Gauda, Anshuman; Maharana, Laxmidhar; Panigrahi, Ghanshyam
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.683

Abstract

Background: Research on diabetes treatment is advancing yearly, and it is estimated that 643 million adults worldwide will have diabetes by 2030. This is a comprehensive review of antidiabetic mechanisms in medicinal plants, aims to identify natural antidiabetic plants and provide details on their mechanisms of action, and rigorous testing techniques. Methodology: Information was gathered from offline and online sources to identify indigenous medicinal plants that lower blood glucose. Different databases were searched for ethnopharmacological literature using the following keywords: medicinal plants, diabetes, and India. Other sections about clinical trials, toxicological evaluations of certain plants, and preclinical trials have since been added. These sections were retrieved from Scopus using pertinent keywords. In this study, 117 species of medicinal plants from 55 families that are used to treat diabetes mellitus were listed. Conclusion: The variety of plants discussed in this review clearly demonstrated the importance of herbal plants in the treatment of diabetes. Result of the study shows Fabaceae, Rutaceae, and Combretaceae were the most prevalent plant families and species having antidiabetic properties among these plants. It also gives researchers information that they may use to develop future plans, like finding plants that may be effective in preventing diabetes and isolating bioactive molecules to help manage the disease. More research is necessary to completely comprehend these newly identified anti-diabetic drugs at the molecular, therapeutic, and physiological levels, nevertheless, in order to treat and manage diabetes mellitus globally
A pharmacognostic, phytochemical, and antioxidant potential of Oxalis triangularis Sharma, S.; Bhuyan, N. R.; Mohanty, J. P.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i5.701

Abstract

Background: To evaluate Oxalis triangularis with pharmacognostical parameters (macroscopy, microscopy & physico-chemical analysis), phytochemical analysis, and to investigate the in-vitro antioxidant capacity of different extracts obtained. Methods: Using specific standard protocols, the following tests were performed: loss on drying, extractive value, ash value, t.s. & powder microscopy, fluorescence analysis, and phytochemical screening. The Folin-Ciocalteu technique was adopted to ascertain the amount of phenolic compounds. In-vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH)  & 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. Results: The extractive values varied between solvents, ranging from 1.28% (ethyl acetate) to 18.8% (water), while the ash values were 16.25% (total), 2.9% (acid insoluble), and 10.625% (water-soluble). Numerous vascular systems, lignified trichomes, and calcium oxalate crystals were visible under a microscope. Saponins, steroids, flavonoids, phenols, anthocyanins, and alkaloids were detected by phytochemical screening; glycosides were not detected. At 200 µg/ml, the phenolic concentration of the ethanolic extract was the highest, at 1151.7 ± 59.22 µg/ml. The ethanolic extract exhibited greater DPPH (IC50 = 2.403 µg/ml) and ABTS (IC50 = 22.94 µg/ml) radical scavenging activity in comparison to the aqueous extract, i.e., (DPPH, IC50= 76.67 µg/ml & ABTS, IC50= 43.52 µg/ml). In contrast, both extracts showed notable antioxidant activity. Conclusion: A comprehensive examination of Oxalis triangularis revealed a rich reservoir of bioactive chemicals, such as phenols, which make the plant rich in antioxidant properties. This may serve as a foundation for the discovery of novel medicines.
Phytosomes: nature’s secret to enhanced bioavailability Kumar, M Surendra; Dhivya, K; Lokesh, D; Nivethitha, S; Kumar, M Praveen; Sarathi, M; Astalakshmi, N
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.702

Abstract

Background: Medicinal herbs have long been used for treating various ailments, with plant-derived compounds recognized for their therapeutic benefits and minimal side effects compared to conventional medicines. However, issues with the bioavailability of active herbal components have limited their effectiveness. Phytosomes, or herbosomes, are a drug delivery technology that enhances the absorption and bioavailability of these plant-based compounds, providing a potential solution for maximizing the medicinal efficacy of herbal ingredients. Method: Phytosome complexes are synthesized by combining plant extracts with phospholipids in specific molar ratios, typically 1:1, to create a more stable and bioavailable formulation. Common preparation methods include solvent evaporation, supercritical fluid extraction, and lyophilization. Each technique is optimized to improve the stability, solubility, and therapeutic action of the phytosomes. Results and discussion: Phytosome technology has shown significant improvements in the bioavailability of phytochemicals, such as silymarin and curcumin, enhancing their pharmacological effects. Applications of phytosomes span various therapeutic areas, including cancer treatment, rheumatism, wound healing, and respiratory conditions. Studies indicate that phytosomes improve drug stability, absorption, and targeted delivery, effectively managing complex diseases with reduced side effects. Conclusion: Phytosomes represent a promising advancement in natural medicine by addressing bioavailability challenges associated with herbal compounds. The improved formulation techniques and broad applications suggest a bright future for phytosome-based therapies, especially in areas where conventional treatments may have limitations. Further research and development in phytosome technology could lead to enhanced clinical outcomes and expand the use of herbal remedies in modern medicine.
Investigating phytochemical diversity and antioxidant richness of Moringa oleifera in Tamil Nadu Dahiya, Sanju; Garg, Munish
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.710

Abstract

Background: Moringa oleifera Lam., widely known as ‘The Tree of Life’, is a medicinal tree native to India and extensively grown in tropical regions worldwide. In India, Tamil Nadu is the leading state, engaging an area of 20684 hectares in the production of moringa. In South India, moringa is extensively utilized as a vegetable for its exquisite taste and flavor in sambar and curry preparation. Methodology: Phytochemical analysis of leaves from the Tamil Nadu region and simultaneous estimation of quercetin, rutin, and gallic acid contents in moringa leaf extracts from the Tamil Nadu region via HPTLC analysis was carried out. DPPH assay was performed to determine the antioxidant potential. Results and Discussion: The hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the triple maceration of moringa leaves possesses high amounts of phytoconstituents such as flavonoids and polyphenols. Each gram of the extract contained 1650.401 µg of quercetin, 1136.950 µg of rutin, and 220.223 µg of gallic acid. The IC50 value of the extract was calculated to be 36.10 µg/ml. Conclusion: The extract from the leaves of the moringa plant grown in the Tamil Nadu region contains a good amount of phytoconstituents and also possesses good antioxidant activity comparable to that of standard ascorbic acid, suggesting its potential use as an antioxidant agent. The findings of the present study support the traditional use of the folklore plant for improving health.
A systematic review on botanical background, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Nymphaea nouchali Sarma, Himshikhar; Sahariah, Gunjan; Bharadwaj, Abhilash; Sharma, Dipjyoti; Porasar, Pollobi; Dutta, Koushik Nandan
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.714

Abstract

Background: Nymphaea nouchali is a widely distributed aquatic plant prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, flourishing in freshwater habitats. It is widely recognized as the water lily. Historically, it has been utilized in several medical systems to address conditions such as diabetes, liver diseases, and urinary tract issues. The plant comprises several bioactive substances, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids, which enhance its therapeutic qualities. This review examines the botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological characteristics of Nymphaea nouchali to evaluate its medicinal potential. Methodology: This review combines data from previous botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological research on Nymphaea nouchali. The bioactive components extracted from the plant were examined for their therapeutic capabilities. The pharmacological effects, encompassing antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and anticancer properties, were assessed by several in vitro and in vivo experimental methods. Results: A phytochemical study identified the presence of substances, including nymphal, gallic acid, and quercetin. These chemicals are associated with notable biological functions. Alkaloids and tannins had antibacterial activities, but phenolic compounds and flavonoids showed potent antioxidant capabilities. The herb demonstrated antinociceptive properties. Initial investigations suggested possible anticancer effects on some cell lines; nevertheless, further study is required. Conclusion: Nymphaea nouchali shows significant pharmacological potential due to its many bioactive components. Although traditional medicinal usage supports its therapeutic benefits, further preclinical and clinical investigations are necessary to validate its efficacy and safety for pharmaceutical uses.
Development of hesperidin solid dispersion for improved solubility and dissolution using mannitol and PVP K30 as carriers Swarup, Pallavi; Agrawal, Gopal Prasad
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.723

Abstract

Background: Despite its six-hour half-life, Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid with therapeutic benefits, has low water solubility and bioavailability. This limits treatment. This study improved hesperidin solubility and dissolution by making solid dispersions using appropriate carriers. Methodology: Solid dispersions of hesperidin were prepared using two methods: kneading and solvent evaporation. The carriers utilized in the study were polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30) and mannitol. The formulations were evaluated based on various parameters, including yield, solubility, dissolution rate, drug content, and structural analysis using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Results: Solid dispersions yielded 81.2% to 97.5% by weight and included 93.7% to 98.4% drug content. Hesperidin's solubility increased 3.72- to 24.05-fold, with a maximum drug release of 64.06% within 30 minutes. Comparatively, formulations with mannitol as the carrier demonstrated higher solubility (24.05 times) and dissolution (54.06%) than those containing PVP K30 (20.16 times and 34.36%). Discussion: Different carriers alter hesperidin solubility and dissolution. Mannitol improved drug release more than PVP K30. XRD and DSC experiments showed hesperidin's crystalline character changed in solid dispersions, possibly explaining its improved dissolving. IR spectroscopy showed physical dispersion because medication and carriers did not interact chemically. Conclusion: The study showed that solid dispersing hesperidin improves its solubility and dissolution. Drug release was greater with mannitol than with PVP K30. Solid dispersion formulations may improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble medicines like hesperidin.
A Piper nigrum based zinc oxide nanoparticles for anti-arthritic and antioxidant activity Dwivedi, Shradha Devi; Singh, Deependra; Singh, Manju Rawat
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i5.727

Abstract

Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are among the most effective metallic oxide nanoparticles for biological applications. They have potential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, desirable biocompatibility, lower toxicity, and minimal cost. Methodology: Using diverse plant extracts for an ecologically friendly production of metallic nanoparticles is a better choice than conventional chemical synthesis techniques. The present study is decisive on the ZnONPs synthesis from a Piper nigrum extract (Pn-ZnONPs). Morphological characteristics of ZnONPs have been studied using UV-spectroscopy, DLS, SEM, and TEM. Further, it is analyzed for its anti-inflammatory (proteinase, collagenase, lipooxygenase, and elastase) and anti-oxidant properties (DPPH˙, SOD, NO, H2O2, and OH). Results and discussion: Synthesis of nanoparticles has been confirmed via visible spectroscopy with maximum absorbance of 350nm, having particle size and zeta potential of 80 nm and +7.4 mV, respectively. SEM and TEM analysis confirmed the nanoparticle's shape to be spherical and arranged compactly. Further, biogenic nanoparticles show desired anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the activity of collagenase (68.72%), elastase (65.16%), lipooxygenase (58.098%), and denaturation of protein (65.36%). It also exhibits the capability to suppress Superoxide radicals (64.87%), DPPH (65.46%), Hydrogen Peroxide (64.89%), Hydroxyl radical (68.45%), and Nitric oxide radicals (71.343%), which are responsible for the pathogenesis of many inflammatory disorders. Conclusion: This suggests that P. nigrum Zinc nanoparticles may be a promising agent in treating various inflammatory disorders, such as cancer, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriasis, and others.

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