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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
Published by Creative Pharma Assent
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23480335     DOI : 10.18231
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR) is an official publication of Creative Pharma Assent (CPA). It is an open access, peer review online international journal. JOAPR is primarily focused on multiple discipline of pharmaceutical sciences (Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutics, Cosmetic Technology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Herbal drugs/ formulations, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest) which publish quarterly. JOAPR also includes evaluation of pharmaceutical excipients & their practical application to research & industry based efforts. The aim of the scientific journal, JOAPR is to present a wide area for the current researchers to share their noble works and ideas in terms of the research papers, review articles and short communications. JOAPR only publish the original research works with a definite innovation and novelty after thorough reviewing. The paper must have a suitable and proper scientific background.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 459 Documents
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Rivaroxaban solid dispersions for dissolution enhancement and formulation of mouth disintegrating tablets Priyadarshan, Kalki Ranjan; Sahu, Asish; Mahapatra, Anjan Kumar; Chowdary, K. A; Nahak, Ajit; Patra, Ruchita Kumari
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i4.647

Abstract

Background: Work is carried out to improve rivaroxaban's dissolution rate (DR) and develop mouth-disintegrating tablets for rapid onset of action. Objectives: The work objective was to improve the dissolution rate of rivaroxaban using PEG 6000 by preparing its solid dispersions (SDs) further to prepare mouth-disintegrating tablets (MDTs). Methods: Methods like physical mixing, melting, and solvent evaporation were used to prepare SDs at 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:1.5 w/w ratios of rivaroxaban with PEG 6000 were prepared. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Infrared spectroscopy (IR) were used to characterize the SDs. The selected solid dispersion at an appropriate drug: carrier ratio was used to develop MDTs by direct compression, using super disintegrants. Results: The SDs show improved solubility and rate of dissolution. SDs developed using a melting or solvent evaporation technique showed a more than two-fold increase in dissolution rate. In the dissolution study, after 60 min, the pure drug dissolved 45 %, while the prepared SDs showed almost more than 90 % within the same period. No significant drug carrier interaction was observed in the IR and DSC studies. However, minor shifts in peak values were observed for the characterization of functional groups in the drug structure. Conclusions: Formulation of solid dispersions of the drug with PEG 6000 is a successful approach for the dissolution rate improvement of rivaroxaban. This work for dissolution rate improvement of rivaroxaban using PEG 6000 showed significant improvement in dissolution rate at a 1:1 w/w ratio prepared by solvent evaporation method, which was further selected for mouth disintegrating tablet formulation.
Evaluation of hypoglycemic potential of Cuminum cyminum and its role in modulation of cognitive function in rats with induced diabetes Kumar, Abhishek; Shekhar, Amit; Dua, Mitali; Jangra, Indu; Suranagi, Umesh; Arora, Ekta
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.549

Abstract

Background: This study investigated the effects of Cuminum cyminum (C. cyminum) on cognitive behaviour and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels in diabetic rats, comparing its efficacy with Glibenclamide, Sulbutiamine, and Resveratrol. Methods: Wistar rats were randomized into 12 groups (n=10) half diabetic and half non-diabetic controls and administered C. cyminum 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), Sulbutiamine (50 mg/kg), and Resveratrol (25 mg/kg). Controls included diabetic and non-diabetic rats without treatment. Blood glucose, insulin, oxidative stress markers, and AChE levels were measured, along with behavioural parameters of learning and memory using the elevated plus maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze. Results: Both doses of C. cyminum significantly reduced blood glucose levels (Dose I decreased blood glucose levels from 278.5 ± 3.66 mg/dl to 136.8 ± 4.91 mg/dl while dose II decreased the blood glucose levels to 138.8 ± 3.83 mg/dl) and improved learning and memory, as evidenced by faster transfer latency (TL) and better retention in the elevated plus maze and Morris water maze. The higher dose was particularly effective in reducing brain AChE levels and improving cognitive performance in passive avoidance tests. Conclusion: Both doses of C. cyminum decreased the AChE activity induced by diabetes, improving learning and memory. The antioxidant and anti-hyperglycaemic potential may partially contribute to delaying cognitive impairment. Thus, the study suggests that C. cyminum may be beneficial in mitigating behavioural and biochemical changes associated with diabetes mellitus, offering potential as a complementary therapy to existing diabetes treatments. Elaborate studies in the future are essential to explore its antidiabetic and neuroprotective potential.
Comprehensive review of breast cancer risk factors, diagnosis, screening, and treatment methods Hoque, Nurjamal; Choudhury, Ananta; Baishya, Dhiraj; Deka, Himangshu
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i5.606

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women, accounting for 11.7% of all cancer cases and approximately 685,000 deaths worldwide in 2020. Its multifactorial etiology includes genetic, hormonal, and lifestyle-related risk factors with significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding these factors and the latest advancements in screening and therapeutic approaches is essential for improving patient outcomes. Methodology: This review synthesizes findings from peer-reviewed articles, clinical trials, and meta-analyses. The focus is on identifying key risk factors for breast cancer, evaluating the effectiveness of current diagnostic methods, and examining the latest treatment strategies, including personalized medicine. Data were collected from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Results and Discussion: The review highlights major risk factors, including BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations, which contribute to a 45-65% lifetime risk, as well as hormonal influences and lifestyle factors like obesity and alcohol consumption. Targeted therapies, such as HER2 inhibitors (e.g., trastuzumab) and hormone therapies (e.g., tamoxifen), have significantly improved survival rates. Emerging treatments like immunotherapy and PARP inhibitors are also promising for aggressive and metastatic cases. Conclusion: Breast cancer continues to pose a significant health challenge, but advancements in risk assessment, early detection, and personalized treatment offer hope for better outcomes. Continued research and refining diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are essential for reducing breast cancer mortality and enhancing patient quality of life.  
Development and in vitro evaluation of acelofenac mouth dissolving films for reduced analgesic activity Chandra Sekhar Naik D; Bharathi Arigela; Venkata Suresh Babu Agala; Cherukuri Vidyulatha Chowdary
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i5.612

Abstract

Background: The design of the current research work was to formulate mouth-dissolving films (MDFs) of aceclofenac (ACF) to improve patient compliance and convenience for older and younger patients, ultimately leading to improved therapeutic outcomes. Method: Evaluations were conducted on film formers such as HPMC and MC and film modifiers such as PEG and starch acting as solubilizing agents. Results: The physicomechanical qualities, in vitro disintegration time, and in vitro dissolving characteristics of the produced MDFs were assessed. Good mechanical qualities, including as tensile strength, folding durability, and percentage elongation, were demonstrated by every created MDF. FTIR, SEM, and X-RD analyses were used to assess MDFs. In contrast to other formulations, MDFs containing F8 provided superior dissolving properties. Conclusion: When pitted against other mixtures, the MDFs with sodium alginate (5%), methylcellulose (5%), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)(5%) showed superior dissolving capabilities. In contrast to other mixtures, the F8 mixture, including HPMC, sodium alginate, and methylcellulose, demonstrated a complete and accelerated dissolution within 50 seconds. The mechanism behind this release is diffusion, as indicated by the release kinetics data.
Insights of nose to brain delivery in treating Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review Pranay, Renukuntla; Tatikayala, Ravi Kumar; Damera, Sujatha; Pathakala, Naveen; Jadi, Rajendra Kumar
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.625

Abstract

Background: In Parkinson's disease (PD), a complicated neurodegenerative ailment, neurons in the substantia nigra that produce dopamine are lost, resulting in an insufficiency of the neurotransmitter that is essential for the regulation of voluntary and smooth muscular movements. This review focuses on the obstacle triggering the effectiveness of traditional PD treatments, which is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents some therapeutic medicines from reaching the brain. It encompasses the potential strategy of nose-to-brain administration by innovative approaches, including nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, and cell-based carriers, directly delivering the drugs from nose to brain. Methods: The methodology involved examining the characteristics, advantages, applications, and challenges of various nanoparticles like SLNs, Nanoliposomes, Quantum dots, dendrimers, etc., through meticulous analysis of articles including from PubMed (5), ScienceDirect (5), Bentham Science (4) and Scopus databases (5). Conclusion: The review concludes by emphasizing the potential applications of nanoparticles in circumventing the problems encountered with traditional methods of drug administration in treating PD. This detailed study brings to light the applications and the challenges that need to be faced in utilizing nanoparticles for nose-to-brain delivery. Attention is directed towards the enlightenment of advanced carriers that target specific brain regions via the olfactory and trigeminal routes. The drug directly reaches the brain, bypassing BBB.
Preparation and evaluation of antibacterial mupirocin cream emulsion using cocamidopropyl betaine emulsifier Gangurde, Avinash B; Pagar, Suraj
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.633

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to develop and evaluate an antibacterial cream emulsion containing mupirocin using Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) as an emulsifier. Mupirocin, a topical antibiotic effective against Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains), was formulated into a cream to enhance its topical delivery. Materials and Methods: Mupirocin cream emulsion formulations were developed with varying concentrations of CAPB, PEG-400, and glycerol monostearate. The cream formulations were mainly evaluated for in vitro diffusion tests, antibacterial activity tests, and stability studies. Result and Discussion: CAPB produced a stable cream emulsion formulation (F7) at 30% concentration and 2% PEG-400. The formulation (F7) exhibited sustained drug release over 3.5 hours in the diffusion test. The formulation F7 showed a higher zone of inhibition, 32.16±2.2 mm, than the marketed mupirocin cream, 29.56±1.35 mm, for the Staphylococcus aureus strain. The prepared cream formulation F7 was found stable over 90 days at different temperature conditions (8±2°C, 25±2°C and 40±2°C). Conclusion: The study concludes that CAPB effectively enhances mupirocin cream solubility and antibacterial properties, making it a promising option for treating bacterial skin infections.
Exploring the neuroprotective role of probiotics in the therapeutic interventions of cognitive decline J Renukadevi; R Velmurugan; G Nandhinidevi; V S Karthikha; V Sri Vaishnavi
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i5.648

Abstract

Background: Cognitive decline is developing as a critical alarm in public health concerns initiated by neuroinflammation, an indispensable contributing factor in neurodegenerative diseases. Probiotics and postbiotics have evolved as key therapeutic factors in treating neuroinflammation by modulating neuroinflammatory pathways and therapeutically controlling cognitive decline by its influence on the gut-brain axis. Methodology: This comprehensive review integrates the current status of the insight into the molecular mechanisms of probiotics that promote cognitive health. The review explains their synergistic effects on gut microbiota and their influence on neuroinflammation, mitochondrial function, neurotransmitter levels, and insulin sensitivity. It also explores preclinical and clinical studies involving the neuroprotective benefits of specific probiotic strains. Results: Probiotics are reported to alter gut microbiota by supporting neuroinflammation, thus enhancing cognitive function. The key findings were their role in reducing plaque formation and controlling tau protein hyperphosphorylation, thus improving mitochondrial efficiency. Recent research reveals that strains such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium have proven efficacy in reducing tau phosphorylation and amyloid β pathology in animal models. In addition, probiotics improve insulin sensitivity and neurotransmitter levels, leading to improved cognitive outcomes. Discussion: The microbiota-gut-brain axis is essential in studying the neuroprotective role of probiotics. Probiotics have been reported for their ability to reduce neuroinflammatory markers, leading to improved neurogenesis in the brain's hippocampus. Thus transforming these research findings to clinical therapies requires further research to support and to overcome the limitations and exploring the complete mechanism involved. Conclusion: Probiotics thus being explored to develop as new therapeutic interventions in cognitive decline, with substantial preclinical evidence supporting their benefits. Still persistent research is essential to transform these findings in clinical  trials in the development of  probiotic-based therapies for cognitive health.
In vitro antibacterial and synergistic activity of pyrazolyl sulphonamide derivatives against Staphylococcus haemolyticus Yahaya, Ewura Seidu; Anak, Jesse Azebiik; Amissah, Nana Ama; Obuah, Collins; Agyei, Phyllis Elsie Owusu; Saahene, Roland Osei; Ainooson, Michael; Ablordey, Anthony; Ekor, Martins
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i5.658

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance has rendered several   anti-infective agents ineffective, necessitating the need to intensify efforts to identify and develop novel drugs against microbial infection. Structural modification of existing antibiotics continues to be one of the areas of intense research focus in recent times. Objective: This study assessed the antibacterial and synergistic activity of fifteen pyrazolyl sulphonamide derivatives in Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Methods: Antibacterial activity was determined using the broth microdilution method. The ability of test compounds to interact with tetracycline was assessed using the checkerboard synergy testing method and the Loewe synergy and antagonism model. Results: Seven compounds (46.6%) were significantly active against the bacteria (MIC 1 µg/mL – 16 µg/mL), and four were confirmed to form synergistic combinations with tetracycline in checkerboard and Loewe analysis. Conclusion: Observations from this study has demonstrated the antibacterial activity and the synergistic potential of the novel pyrazolyl sulphonamides with tetracycline, highlighting the possible role of modified sulphonamides as a rich resource for antimicrobial development.
Pharmacophore insights and molecular docking of ciprofloxacin analogues against 2XE1: strategies for reduced antibiotic resistance Katlaria, Sanjana; Chauhan, Ashish Singh; Kumar, Krishna; Kumar, Mohit; Chauhan, Bhumika; Jakhmola, Vikash
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.660

Abstract

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a silent pandemic disease that is growing and causing a global threat. Existing antibiotics are less effective against infectious diseases, so we must discover more potent and effective drugs. The latest report from the World Health Organization (WHO) underscores the global nature of the situation, revealing that high levels of antibiotic resistance in bacteria worldwide lead to life-threatening bloodstream infections and resistance to treatment. Methods: This study focuses on the Molecular Docking and Pharmacophore Modeling of Ciprofloxacin and its analogs to explore ligand-protein interactions and identify potent drugs against AMR. Twenty ciprofloxacin analogs, designed using ChemDraw Pro12.0, were docked with the 2XE1 protein. Molecular docking assessed the binding affinity, with Arguslab 4.0 scoring the lowest docking scores to indicate strong interactions and biological activity. Pharmacophore modeling identified essential molecular features like HBA, HBD, and AI for optimal biological activity. Results: The computational screening identified several compounds with improved binding properties, showing greater affinity towards ALA129, TYR149, and PHE88 amino acids, essential for biological activity. Conclusion: The study identifies the best analog of ciprofloxacin, which can effectively combat antibiotic resistance. Compound 13 showed promising docking scores and relevant pharmacophoric features, outperforming the parent ciprofloxacin in binding affinity, suggesting it could be a potent drug candidate against AMR.
Fabrication and evaluation of carbocisteine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles to treat pulmonary infections Rane, Bhushan R.; Jain, Ashish S.; Mane, Nikita P.; Patil, Vaibhav; Patil, Mukesh S.; Bavaskar, Kedar R.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.661

Abstract

Background:  Solid lipids Nanoparticles (SLN) comprise physiological and biocompatible lipids. SLN is an alternative carrier system to polymeric nanoparticles or liposomes. It has been claimed that SLN offers combined advantages and avoids the disadvantages of other colloidal carrier systems. Aim: The research aims to fabricate and evaluate the carbocisteine solid lipid nanoparticles loaded in situ gel. Methodology:  SLN was prepared by using glycerol monostearate as a solid lipid and by high-pressure homogenization (Panda plus 2000) method using poloxamer 188 as a stabilizer to improve its bioavailability and reduce particle size. The quality-by-design concept was used to develop the SLN by optimizing process variables. Result and discussion: The drug and excipient compatibility study was checked using FTIR, and no interaction between both was found. Optimized SLN of carbocisteine were evaluated for zeta potential, particle size, and % drug release, found results as -19.67 mv, 50 to 200 nm, and up to 70.84%, respectively. Optimized gel batches were also evaluated for the stability study. Conclusion: All the batches were evaluated for various parameters. The F6 batch was optimized based on particle size, stability, Zeta potential, and release pattern. SLN could provide a better advantage of good penetration and targeting to treat pulmonary disease.

Page 36 of 46 | Total Record : 459

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