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INDONESIA
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20890133     EISSN : 24776416     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Astronomy Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics
Indonesia Journal of Apllied Physics provides rapid publication of short reports and important research in all fields of physics. Indonesia Journal of Apllied Physics publishes articles that are of significance in their respective fields whilst also contributing to the disclipline of physics as a whole. Articles should be submitted to the Editorial Office of Indonesia Journal of Apllied Physics through this site. Further information on submission is also available at this site
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Articles 267 Documents
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Landslide Zone Investigation by Determining Cracks and Cracks Compressive Strength Test in Waru District, Pamekasan Regency sandy vikki ariyanto; Idon Joni
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 11, No 1 (2021): April
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v11i1.45641

Abstract

Landslide zone investigation has been conducted using geoelectricity to determine the number of cracks and using a compressive strength test to determine compressive strength cracks. The result of this research is that the rock layers of Waru District consist of soil layers resulting from the weathering of quartz rock into quartz sandstone. This quartz sandstone lies on top of a more solid rock layer. The type of landslide that is formed in the Waru sub-district is translational. This type of landslide is caused by water entering the lower layer, causing landslides and the number of cracks that trigger landslides. The results of the low compressive strength test resulted in landslides. This result was due to a decrease in the number of pores filled with water and an increase in the pores that were not filled with water. This occurs due to the presence of water in the cracks, the number of cracks cavities, and the density of the cracks which results in reduced adhesion between the cracks holding layers.
Sintesis Biodiesel Menggunakan Katalis Campuran Calcium Hydroxide dan Calcite Horasdia Saragih
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 11, No 1 (2021): IJAP Volume 11 ISSUE 01 YEAR 2021
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v11i1.46455

Abstract

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME, biodiesel) have been synthesized using a mixture of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and calcite [CaCO3] catalyst. The fabrication was carried out by transesterifying triglycerides from palm oil using methanol at temperature of 60oC. The mixture of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and calcite [CaCO3] catalyst was synthesized from CaO by exposed CaO to the air at room temperature. Various transesterification times have been involved in transesterification process. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the mixture of Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 has catalytic characteristics, so that it can transesterify triglycerides and produce the FAME. There are 10 types of FAME produced from the palm oil triglycerides in this transesterification. Five of this types were saturated FAME and others were unsaturated FAME. The highest concentration of FAME is cis-9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester. The longer transesterification process, the more FAME is produced. Referring to the results of this study, it shows that the mixture of Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 has the potential to be used as a catalyst for synthesizing biodiesel in the future.
The Effects Of High Dose and Low Dose Protocols In Thorax’s CT Scan Image Quality Ni Larasati Kartika Sari; Deni Tiko Bahagia; Puji Hartoyo; Dewi Muliyati
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 11, No 2 (2021): IJAP Volume 11 ISSUE 02 YEAR 2021
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v11i2.48365

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of two different dose protocols’ usage on image quality. This research was performed on three different CT Scanners using high dose and low dose protocols of thorax scan. Different exposure parameters were used, depending on each scanner’s setting. GE QA CT Scan phantom was used for image quality assessment.  Image quality measured were CT number accuracy, uniformity and linearity, noise uniformity, spatial resolution and Contrast To Noise Ratio (CNR). CT Scan’s dose index, CTDIvol (Volumetric Computed Tomography Dose Index), was also measured to evaluate how these two protocols work in reducing radiation dose. The result showed that the usage of low dose protocols reduce the CTDIvol value at 85-91% compared to the high dose protocols, meanwhile most of the image quality parameters obtained from both protocols were still considered good. The CT number accuracy, uniformity, linearity and noise uniformity for all CT Scans were all still inside BAPETEN’s (Indonesia National Regulator Agency) threshold. There were 20-23% difference on the spatial resolution value measured from both protocols. The most significant difference came from CNR. The CNR obtained from high dose protocols were 65-93% higher than the one from low dose protocols.   Keywords: contrast to noise ratio, CTDIvol, CT number, spatial resolutionABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh penggunanaan protokol dosis tinggi dan protokol dosis rendah terhadap kualitias citra dan dosis khususnya pada pemeriksaan CT Scan thorax. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 3 sampel CT Scan yang berbeda. Faktor eksposi yang digunakan berbeda untuk tiap scanner, bergantung pada setting yang terdapat pada scanner. Fantom yagdigunakan untuk menilai kualitas citra adalah fantom GE QA CT Scan. Adapun kualitas citra yang diukur adalah keseragaman, akurasi, dan linearitas CT number, keseragaman noise, resolusi spasial, serta Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR). Sementara dosis radiasi yang diamati adalah CTDIvol (Volumetrik Computed Tomography Dose Index) yang tampil pada konsol. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan protokol dosis rendah mampu mengurangi nilai CTDIvol sebesar 85-91% dibanding dengan protokol dosis tinggi, sementara sebagian besar parameter kualitas citra yang diukur masih dinilai baik. Nilai akurasi, keseragaman, dan linearitas CT number  serta keseragaman noise pada protokol dosis tinggi dan dosis rendah, keseluruhannya masih dalam batas ambang BAPETEN. Terdapat perbedaan sebesar 20-23% pada nilai resolusi spasial yang terukur dari  kedua protokol. Nilai CNR pada protokol dosis tinggi lebih baik dari pada protokol dosis rendah, dengan perbedaan yang cukup signifikan, yaitu 65-93%.Kata kunci: contrast to noise ratio, CTDIvol, CT number, resolusi spasial
Struktur Kecepatan Gelombang Geser (Vs) di Daerah Rawan Gerakan Tanah (Longsor) Jalan Lintas Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah-Kepahiang Nanang Sugianto; Refrizon Refrizon
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 11, No 2 (2021): IJAP Volume 11 ISSUE 02 YEAR 2021
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v11i2.41699

Abstract

Shear wave velocity (Vs) structure at along of Central Bengkulu-Kepahiang crossline has been mapped. This research aims to identify the subsurface structure and to estimate the constituent material type of rock in landslide-prone areas (Central Bengkulu-Kepahiang crossline). Shear wave velocity structure on each site is obtained by the HVSR-inversion of 146 microtremor data (ambient noise recording of seismometer). Vs structure at the line mapped from the surface until to 30 meters of the depth. Groups of Vs are identified in class E (Vs <180), Class D (180≤ Vs <360), Class C (360≤ Vs <760), and Class B (760≤ Vs <1500). The subsurface structure at the depth of 0 to 10 meters are dominated by stiff soil, very dense soil, and soft rock which has highly fractured and weathered rock properties. At the depth of 15 meters to 30 meters, the subsurface structure is dominated by hard rock but it is high potential or easy to fracturing and weathering like the properties of the rocks in areas that have landslides in the past. Based on Vs value, rock constituent materials are deposition of sand, clay, gravel and alluvium ranging from soft to relatively hard structures at the depth.
Klasifikasi Kanker Paru Paru menggunakan Naïve Bayes dengan Variasi Filter dan Ekstraksi Ciri GLCM Mohtar Yunianto; Soeparmi Soeparmi; Cari Cari; Fuad Anwar; Delta Nur Septianingsih; Tonang Dwi Ardyanto; Resta Farits Pradana
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 11, No 2 (2021): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v11i2.53213

Abstract

Telah berhasil dilakukan klasifikasi kanker paru-paru dari 120 data citra CT Scan. Pada penelitian, proses preposisi dimulai dengan variasi filtering yaitu low pass filter, median filter, dan high pass filter. Segmentasi yang digunakan yaitu Otsu Thresholding yang kemudian teksturnya akan diekstraksi menggunakan fitur Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) dengan variasi arah sudut. Hasil dari ekstraksi GLCM dijadikan database yang akan menjadi dataset untuk pengklasifikasian citra menggunakan klasifikasi naïve bayes. Hasil dari penelitian dengan 12 buah variasi diperoleh hasil variasi terbaik adalah median filter dengan arah sudut GLCM 0° menunjukkan tingkat akurasi yang paling tinggi sebesar 88,33 %.
Pengaruh Temperatur Rendah pada Sifat Bending dari Pipa Komposit Epoxy dengan Penguatan Serat Jute I.A.N Pramadyanti; I.K Adi Atmika; I.D.G Ary Subagia
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 11, No 2 (2021): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v11i2.51243

Abstract

The experiment about the bending behavior of pipe composite based under the low-temperature treatment was carried out. As for the background of this research is that composite material become a suitable design with user need and it has behavior to substitute metal in engineering products. The research aims to investigate the effect of low temperature against to bending strength behavior of pipe from composite epoxy with jute fiber reinforcement. The low-temperature treatment was applied through an immersion process in dry ice as long as 60 minutes to produces a temperature of -33oC. The pipe composite was manufactured in lamination three layers of jute fabric using the vacuum injection molding process (VRTM). Then, the strength of the composite pipe was tested on the three-point bending method according to the ASTM D 790 standard. The testing results show that composite pipe with low-temperature treatment has a flexural strength average of about 76.559 MPa. Meanwhile, the compo-site pipe without treatment shows the strength of flexural average of about 52.435 MPa. They have the strength of flexural inclination is an average of 68%. In addition, the failures of composite in three-point bending test shows a shrank mode on the compression side and flat tearing at tension side due to the material becomes brittle. The conclusion that low-temperature treatment has an effective influence on the pipe composite mechanical properties.
Kajian Energi Gelombang Laut Di Daerah Abrasi Serangai, Bengkulu Utara Melalui Pengamatan Tinggi Gelombang Laut Ashar Muda Lubis; Yosi Apriani Putri; Rio Saputra; Juhendi Sinaga; M Hasanudin; Edi Kusmanto
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 11, No 2 (2021): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v11i2.49914

Abstract

The Serangai area, Batik Nau District, North Bengkulu has the highest average abrasion speed of 20 m/year. The abrasion could cause the coastal area to erode the coastline till several tens of meters. The purpose of this study was to determine the height of the ocean waves and to determine the energy of the ocean waves that has the potential to accelerate the abrasion process in the Serangai area. The research was carried out on November 5-7, 2018 in the Serangai beach area at a depth of 5 m using SBE 26 Plus Seagauge Wave equipment. The results showed that the observed wave height was between 0.8-1.6 m with a significant wave height (Hs) of 1.38 m. In addition, the wave period ranges from 5-11 s with a significant wave period (Ts) of 8.2 s. The result also shows that the maximum wave height of 1.6 m occurred on November 7, 2018 with maximum wave energy of 1800 J/m2. This result can perhaps accelerate the abrasion process in the Serangai area. It can also be seen that the wave height in the Serangai region is higher than in several other areas in Indonesia. However, it is necessary to continue observing the wave height to see the seasonal variations in sea wave height in Serangai area.
Analisis Tingkat Kegempaan Wilayah Jawa Timur berbasis Distribusi Spasial dan Temporal Magnitude Of Completeness (Mc), A-Value Dan B-Value Uswatun Chasanah; Eko Handoyo
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 11, No 2 (2021): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v11i2.45984

Abstract

The Space and temporal distribution of the seismicity parameters consisting of magnitude of completeness (Mc), a-value, and b-value were estimated for the East Java, Indonesia using the International Seismological Center (ISC) earthquake catalogue. The main purposes of this research were to determine the parameters of the seismicity and its spatial temporal distribution so that early detection and warning systems in the East Java run optimally. All estimated parameters were analyzed based on an earthquake catalogue during 1980-2020 by applying The Maximum Curvature (MaxC) method. The MaxC method enumerate the highest value of the first subordinate of the cumulative Frequency Magnitude Distribution (FMD) graph. The value of the magnitude of completeness, which was estimated on this study as result Mc 3,4 – 4,8; a-value 5,560 - 8,244; and b-value (0,73 – 0,82 ± 0.13). The lower b-value (0,73 ± 0.13) was obtained for the southern part of the East Java. This area is indicated to have high seismic moment release and rock stress level accumulation. Understanding and clarifying the relation between seismicity parameters and structure of tectonic framework can guidance us to estimate seismic risk for earthquake hazard mitigation in the East Java.
Characterization of Left Ventricle Main Flow Axis Line Using Echodynamography Sri Oktamuliani; Kaoru Hasegawa; Tadanori Minagawa; Yoshifumi Saijo
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 11, No 2 (2021): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v11i2.51896

Abstract

Left ventricular (LV) blood flow analysis may play an essential role in evaluating cardiac function besides the classical analysis of wall motion. Echodynamography is an imaging method in which two-dimensional (2D) blood flow vectors are deduced by blood flow information obtained by color Doppler echocardiography. Echodynamography has provided useful information on the blood flow pattern in healthy and abnormal LV. The main flow axis line (MFAL) is defined as a maximum velocity magnitude of blood flow from the LV's apex to LV's outflow, which is a new hemodynamic parameter for cardiac assessment. The present study's objective is to compare blood flow patterns between healthy and abnormal LV by investigating the MFAL and its correlation to vorticity and velocity distribution on MFAL. This study enrolled 12 participants, four healthy volunteers, and eight abnormal patients. Echodynamography analyzed frame by frame Doppler image of apical three-chamber views. The results showed MFAL superimposed on vorticity mapping during ventricular ejection and MFAL path coincide with the irrotational flow of zero vorticity path, ω = 0. A significant difference was observed in the velocity distribution curve (VDC) on the MFAL during early, mid, and late systoles compared to healthy and abnormal LV. VDC showed the linear upward curve and the highest velocity magnitude during the early systole phase in healthy LV. In contrast with abnormal LV, VDC showed the downward convex curve and the highest velocity magnitude during mid systole phase. Furthermore, the gradient and slope angle of the VDC on the MFAL was compared. The result showed that the maximum gradient and slope angle were not significantly different between healthy and abnormal LV. In conclusion, the study of MFAL and the correlation to vorticity based on the Echodynamography computational program provides additional insights for representing a cardiac function, and thus, the clinical implications of MFAL warrant further investigation.
Geophysics Appearance of The South China Sea Eddy Mirnanda
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 11, No 2 (2021): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v11i2.50114

Abstract

South China Sea (SCS) is underlain by sediments of an average density 2.10 g/cm3 of 2 km thickness at its central part up to 10 km in the margins. The basement rock is the upper and lower crust of densities 2.67 and 2.85 g/cm3 respectively of varying thicknesses. The thinnest crustal rock is at the centre of SCS that is called the South China Sea Basin (SCSB). The Mohorovicic discontinuity is about 15 km depth below the SCSB. Heatflow values in this basin vary from 2 to 3.5 HFU.Lineations of total magnetic anomaly are generally in a west-east direction covering the whole study area. However, an elongated northeast-southwest lineation of dipole anomaly separates the west-east anomaly patterns in the north from those in the south. This feature is also observed in the gravity map. These elongated patterns of the total magnetic features are in coincident with the occurrences of seamounts inferred being remnant of extinct seafloor spreading. Because of this spreading a crustal extension had taken place that separated Kalimantan from the mainland of China to restore its present position. A paleomagnetic study result confirms this hypothesis.The Palawan trench is marked by north-east trending magnetic and gravity anomaly that is inferred being traces of a remnant subduction zone. This anomaly forms a boundary between the Zengmu also called the Sarawak basin and the SCSB. Here, heat flow value is 1 to 2 HFU. This value in coincident with gravity gradient of 2.5 mGal/km also represents an active subduction of the Manila trench north of the Palawan Island. The Manila trench is supposed to be the energizing source of volcanism and earthquake in the Phillippines. Free-air and Bouguer anomaly of the order of 50 to 60 mGal and magnetic of about 100 nT represent the Zengmu basin in the Sunda Shelf. This basin is underlain by sediments of 2.10 g/cm3 of 8 km thickness and also crustal rock which is much thicker than the one underneath the SCSB. Strong topographic relief at the surfaces of sedimentary layer and the crustal rock is very my much associated with normal faulting that may cause fluctuation of the free-air values.The continental margins of Sarawak and the Sunda Shelf are areas of hydrocarbon deposits now still in production, whereas the offshores Vietnam and Hainan are promising target for hydrocarbon exploration.

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