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ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 14124092     EISSN : 24434183     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia is a chemistry journal published by Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia publishes original research articles or review articles in organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, biochemistry, and environmental chemistry.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 264 Documents
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Combination of Andisol Soil-Bioball-Bacillus sp. For Cadmium Removal Application Ratna Tri Widyawati; Pranoto Pranoto; Edi Pramono
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 20, No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.20.1.77891.130-137

Abstract

Industrial growth in Indonesia, especially the metal industry, has the potential to produce waste that can pollute the environment and hurt humans, animals, and plants. One of these pollutants is heavy metal cadmium (Cd). Besides that, cadmium is very toxic and will cause serious illness for humans. Bacillus sp. is a potential bacterium that can remove harmful substances so that it can be used for bioremediation. However, the ability of Bacillus sp. to absorb cadmium has not been reported. The research aims to study the effectiveness of optimal pH conditions in absorbing heavy metal cadmium. An adsorbent with composition andisol soil: bioball: Bacillus sp. 2:0:0; 1.5:1:4.3×105; 1:2:8.2×105; 0.5:3:1.21×106; and 0:4:1.58×106 (gr:piece:(cell/mL)) put into a beaker containing 100 mL of 6 ppm Cd solution with various pH 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. The aerator was added at a constant speed for 60 minutes. After 60 minutes, the Cd content was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The combination of andisol, bioball, and Bacillus sp. can absorb cadmium at the optimum conditions of pH 5, with composition andisol: Bioball soil: Bacillus sp. 1.5:1:4.3×105 (g:piece:(cell/mL)), and contact time of 120 minutes with total removal of 75.6%.
Synthesis of Graphene from Pencils Graphite Via Electrochemical Exfoliation Method as a Cu-Foil Coating on the Anode-Free Lithium-Ion Battery Neka Nur Aida; Muhammad Ikhsanudin; Anif Jamaludin; Anafi Nur'aini; Eka Lutfi Septiani; Hendri Widiyandari
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 20, No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.20.1.74620.31-37

Abstract

The Anode-free Li-ion Battery (AFLB) is an alternative to a new Li-ion battery model that offers high energy density at the same battery size as conventional models. Uncontrolled dendrite growth inactive the lithium deposition, resulting in decreased specific capacity, shortened lifecycle, and reduced coulombic efficiency. This work reported the utilization of graphene derived from pencil graphite for coating Cu foil as a current collector in AFLBs, to mitigate the formation of lithium dendrites and enhance battery capacity. The graphene-coated Cu foil exhibits a specific capacity of 143 mAh/g, representing a 20 mAh/g increase compared to batteries lacking a graphene coating. The coulombic efficiency of the battery with graphene coating in the charging and discharging process for three cycles is 84.53% in the 1st cycle, 101.44% in the 2nd cycle, and 98.58% in the 3rd cycle.
Screen-printed Carbon Electrode from Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Modified with Ferrocene for Cobalt Detection Muhammad Farhan; Eddy Heraldy; Abu Masykur; Muhammad A. Munir; Fitria Rahmawati
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 20, No 2 (2024): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.20.2.81386.247-256

Abstract

This research aims to fabricate a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) from coconut shell charcoal. The charcoal was activated with NaOH to produce activated carbon (Ac). It was mixed with acetylene black (AB) and poly (vinylidene) Fluoride (PVDF) at the mass ratio of 7:2:1 for the Ac, AB, and PVDF, respectively, followed by a dispersing with N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidinone (NMP) producing carbon slurry that was painted on a SPCE template. To increase electrochemical sensitivity, ferrocene, Fc was dropped onto the working electrode part at 10%, 20%, and 30% of the total SPCE mass. The results show that Ac is amorphous with a porous chip-like morphology containing 61.7% carbon. Ac shows vibrations of O–H, C=O, C=C, C–O, and Si–O with surface area and average pore size of 154.612 m2 g-1 and 1.42 nm, respectively. The cyclic voltammetry analysis found that 10% Fc on SPCE provides the highest current density compared to 20% and 30%. Meanwhile, the 2 mV s-1 scanning rate reveals a more defined anodic and cathodic peak than 3 mV s-1 and 5 mV s‑1. Furthermore, the SPCE with 10% Fc shows a good sensitivity to Co (II) ions, proven by a low detection limit (LoD) of 0.224 mmol L-1
Sintesis Hidroksiapatit secara Elektrolisis sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Scaffold Tissue HA/PVA-AgCl untuk Aplikasi Penyembuhan Luka Supriyono Supriyono; Bambang Poerwadi; Denny Widhiyanuriyawan; Nasirotul Wildah; Mahfita Ardyarum; Nabila Widadudari; Ilhan Junio Trizardi; Ulya Ahda Yustisia
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 20, No 2 (2024): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.20.2.80273.206-217

Abstract

Hidroksiapatit (HA) sebagai bahan dasar dalam scaffold tissue memiliki kemampuan untuk berikatan langsung dengan jaringan tubuh secara in vivo. Scaffold tissue pada penelitian ini dalam bentuk membran komposit terdiri dari nHA/PVA-AgCl. AgCl berfungsi sebagai agen antibakteri, sedangkan PVA berfungsi sebagai polimer perekat. Ukuran nanometer untuk HA diperoleh melalui proses elektrolisis yang mengatur voltase untuk mengendalikan ukuran partikel. Variasi potensial listrik elektrolisis 4, 5, dan 6 V digunakan dalam proses selama enam jam. Sebagai pembanding, HA komersil juga digunakan dalam penelitian ini dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa voltase 5 V menghasilkan HA yang murni tanpa adanya brushite. Dalam hal diameter partikel, HA yang disintesis dengan potensial listrik 4, 5, dan 6 V, serta HA komersil masing-masing memiliki diameter 232 nm, 276 nm, 355 nm, dan 5421 nm. Metode BET untuk pengujian luas permukaan menghasilkan nilai berturut-turut untuk variabel potensial listrik elektrolisis HA 4, 5, dan 6 V, serta HA komersil masing-masing adalah 317,22; 344,247; 323,419; dan 205,779 m2/g. Hasil uji pre-klinis selama tujuh hari menunjukkan bahwa scaffold tissue yang menggunakan HA sintesis dengan voltase 5 V menghasilkan pertumbuhan fibroblas yang paling baik, dengan nilai rata-rata sekitar 47,3±4,53 fibroblas/nm2.Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite by Electrolysis as Raw Material for Making HA/PVA-AgCl Tissue Scaffold for Wound Healing Application. . Hydroxyapatite (HA), the primary material in scaffold tissue, can directly interact with the body's tissues in vivo. In this research, the scaffold tissue forms a composite membrane consisting of nHA/PVA-AgCl, with AgCl as an antibacterial agent and PVA as a binding polymer.Nanometer-sized HA particles are obtained through electro-synthesis, controlling voltage to regulate particle size. Three voltage variations, 4, 5, and 6 Vare used in the process for 6 hours. Commercial HA is also used for comparison, and the results indicate that 5 V voltage produces pure HA without brushite contamination. In terms of particle diameter, HA synthesized at 4, 5, 6 V, and commercial HA each have diameters of 232, 276, 355, and 5421 nm, respectively. The BET method is employed to test surface area, yielding consecutive values for the electro-synthesized HA voltage variations, with 4, 5, 6 V, and commercial HA having surface areas of 317.22; 344.247; 323.419; and 205.779 m2/g, respectively. The pre-clinical test in 7-days period findings reveal that scaffold tissue using HA synthesized at 5V voltage produces the best fibroblast growth, with an average value of approximately 47.3±4.53 fibroblasts/nm2.
Sintesis, Karakterisasi Struktur, dan Kajian In Silico Potensi 2'-Hidroksicalkon dan Flavonol Tersubstitusi Trimetoksi sebagai Inhibitor Main Protease (MPro) SARS-CoV-2 Ihsan Ikhtiarudin; Neni Frimayanti; Musyirna Rahmah Nasution; Rabiatul Adawiyah; Enda Mora; Abdi Wira Septama
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 20, No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.20.1.78445.98-119

Abstract

Pada penelitian ini, 2'-hidroksicalkon (C345) dan flavonol (F345) tersubstitusi trimetoksi telah disintesis menggunakan metode iradiasi microwave dan metode pengadukan. Struktur kedua produk telah dikarakterisasi melalui analisis spektroskopi UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, dan HRMS. Hasil analisis spektroskopi menunjukkan bahwa kedua produk memiliki struktur yang sesuai dengan struktur molekul target yang diharapkan. Selain itu, hasil sintesis juga menunjukkan bahwa metode iradiasi microwave terbukti dapat mempercepat waktu reaksi (dari 1,5-3,0 jam menjadi 3-6 menit) dan meningkatkan rendemen produk murni pada sintesis senyawa C345 (55,31 %) dan F345 (83,65 %). Selanjutnya, hasil docking menunjukkan bahwa kedua senyawa dapat membentuk ikatan hidrogen dengan beberapa residu penting pada sisi aktif dan dapat terikat pada kedua situs katalik MPro SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID:6M2N), yaitu His41 dan Cys145 melalui interaksi hidrofobik dengan nilai energi bebas pengikatan yang lebih negatif (-8,95 dan -9,02 kcal/mol) dibandingkan dengan baicalein sebagai inhibitor pembanding. Hasil kajian in silico lainnya juga menunjukkan bahwa kedua senyawa memiliki profil farmakokinetik yang baik dan memiliki sifat kemiripan dengan obat berdasarkan aturan Lipinski, Ghose, Veber, Egan, dan Muegge. Selain itu, senyawa F345 juga diprediksi memiliki risiko toksisitas yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan baicalein. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and In Silico Study of the Potential of 2'-Hydroxychalcone and Trimethoxy-Substituted Flavonols as Inhibitors of the Main Protease (MPro) of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, trimethoxy-substituted 2'-hydroxychalcone (C345) and flavonol (F345) were synthesized using microwave irradiation and stirring methods. The structure of the two products were characterized by spectroscopic analyses including UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. The result of spectroscopic analyses showed that the products had structures consistent with the expected target molecules. In addition, the synthesis results showed that the microwave irradiation method was proven to speed up the reaction time (from 1.5-3.0 hours to 3-6 minutes) and increased the yield of pure product in the synthesis of compounds C345 (55.31 %) and F345 (83.65 %). Furthermore, the docking result showed that the two compounds can form hydrogen bonds with several important residues on the active site and also can bind to catalytic dyad of the SARS-CoV-2 MPro (PDB ID:6M2N), namely His41 and Cys145 through hydrophobic interactions with a more negative binding free energy (-8.95 and -9.02 kcal/mol) than baicalein as a reference inhibitor. The result of silico studies also showed that the two compounds exhibited good pharmacokinetic profiles and drug-likeness properties based on Lipinski, Ghose, Veber, Egan, and Muegge rules. In addition, compound F345 was also predicted to has a smaller toxicity risk compared to baicalein.
Studi Optimisasi dan Kinetika Adsorpsi Silika dari Lumpur Lapindo dengan Metode Sol-Gel Menggunakan P123-Putih Telur Maria Ulfa; Anisa Ayu Solikah; Zahra Ayu Fadhilah; Ida Setiarini; Zulfana Qoulan Syadida
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 20, No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.20.1.75659.49-61

Abstract

Dalam penelitian ini, silika yang disintesis dari Lapindo lumpur dengan metode sol-gel menggunakan P123-putih telur dan berhasil diterapkan sebagai adsorben ibuprofen. Konsentrasi awal, berat adsorben, pH dan suhu diterapkan untuk mengoptimalkan kondisi reaksi eksperimental utama menggunakan metode batch. Optimalisasi ini didasarkan pada maksimalisasi pengurangan ibuprofen menggunakan silika dari Lumpur Lapindo. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dua parameter yang paling relevan untuk adsorpsi ibuprofen adalah suhu adsorpsi dan dosis adsorben. Berdasarkan model adsorpsi, kondisi optimal untuk adsorpsi ibuprofen maksimum ditentukan selama 60 menit sebagai 100 mg/L, 45±0,5 ℃, pH 5 dan dosis katalis 0,03 g, menghasilkan persentase pengurangan adsorpsi masing-masing 94,88; 96,04; 95,57; dan 96,65%. Kinetika adsorpsi ibuprofen juga dievaluasi dan hasil eksperimen dijelaskan dengan baik menggunakan pseudo pertama dan model orde kedua semu. Studi kinetik yang menggunakan analisis regresi linier mengungkapkan adsorpsi cocok dengan pseudo kinetik orde kedua dengan nilai energi aktivasi adalah 0,441 kJ/mol dan faktor pra-eksponensial adalah 1,21 L2‧mol-2‧min-1 yang mengonfirmasi bahwa silika dari Lumpur Lapindo bisa menjadi alternatif yang baik untuk menghilangkan ibuprofen melalui adsorpsi.Optimization and Ibuprofen Kinetical Adsorption Study of Silica from Lapindo Mud (SLM) by Sol-gel Method. This study successfully applied silica synthesized from Lapindo mud by sol-gel method using P123-white egg as an adsorbent for reducing ibuprofen. An initial concentration, adsorbent weight, pH, and temperature were applied to optimize the main experimental reaction conditions using batch methods. This optimization was based on maximizing ibuprofen removal of the silica from lapindo mud samples. The results show that the two most relevant parameters for ibuprofen adsorption are the adsorption temperature and adsorbent dosage. According to the Kinetics model, the optimum condition for the maximum ibuprofen adsorption was determined during 60 min at ibuprofen concentration of 100 mg/L at 45±0.5 °C (pH 5) with catalyst dosage of 0.03 g, resulting in 94.88, 96.04, 95.57, and 96.65% ibuprofen removal, respectively. The kinetics of the ibuprofen adsorption was also evaluated, and the experimental results were well described using a pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order model. The kinetic studies using linear regression analysis revealed that the adsorption fits pseudo-second-order kinetic with the value of the activation energy of 0.441 kJ/mol and the pre-exponential factor of 1.21 L2‧mol-2‧min-1, confirming that the silica from Lapindo mud is a good alternative for removal ibuprofen through adsorption.
Trace Detection of Pb(II) using Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with Stainless Steel Electrodes Sendika Harrista; Muhammad Zamhari; Adinda Fara Aulia; Safina Nur Faizah; Tawatchai Kangkamano
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 20, No 2 (2024): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.20.2.84859.238-246

Abstract

Lead (Pb(II)) is well known as a dangerous environmental contaminant that harms public health worldwide. Early Pb(II) detection before release into the water system is important. This work describes an inexpensive Pb(II) determination using 5 mm diameter stainless steel rod type 304 as a working electrode. Using a batch system, the research employed 10 mL of 0.1 M acetate buffer at pH 4.5. The best operation was at a deposition potential of -1.2V for 300 s. It provides a linear range in the concentration range of 0.075 – 1 µg/mL Pb(II) (r = 0.994). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of Pb(II) were at 0.057 µg/mL and 0.189 µg/mL, respectively. Repeatability and reproducibility were expressed in the relative standard deviation range of 1.26-3.71% in the testing a Pb(II) concentration range of 0.2-1.0 µg/mL and 5.32% in testing a Pb(II) concentration of 0.4 µg/mL. A very low-cost stainless-steel electrode proposed a high operational stability up to 10 measurements with RSD of 4.39%.
Effect of Adhesive-Particle Ratio and Avocado Seed Filler on the Characteristics of Particleboard Made from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Mirna Rahmah Lubis; Fachrul Razi; Tasha Salsabilla; Kausar Kausar; Fezi Rizky Husein
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 20, No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.20.1.76881.70-81

Abstract

Conservation efforts in Indonesian forests have become a development priority crucial for maintaining ecosystem balance, coupled with the endeavor to preserve the judicious use of wood. The demand for wood increases with its development, but its diminishing availability poses challenges for the industry. Efforts to reduce this impact involve finding environmentally friendly solutions, namely by utilizing waste to create new products. Therefore, this study focuses on reprocessing oil palm fruit bunches into particleboard using polyvinyl acetate and dibutyl phthalate as adhesives. The variables studied include the adhesive/particle ratio and the percentage of avocado seed filler. The resulting composite was tested for modulus of rupture, moisture content, modulus of elasticity, thickness swelling, density, and tensile strength. These results show that particleboard with an adhesive/particle ratio of 1.6 and 2% avocado seeds can enhance modulus of rupture, thickness swelling, moisture content, and density under the SNI 03- 2105-2006 standard.
Optimasi Sifat Mekanik Komposit Bioplastik dari Selulosa Ampas Sagu dan Kitosan Cangkang Kepiting Halimahtussaddiyah Ritonga; Mashuni Mashuni; Wa Hardima
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 20, No 2 (2024): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.20.2.85193.190-197

Abstract

Studi awal perlu dilakukan dalam mempelajari sifat mekanik komposit suatu bioplastik. Hal ini dilakukan agar diperoleh bioplastik yang dapat disesuaikan dengan pemanfaatanya secara tepat. Kemampuan terdegradasinya juga perlu dipelajari agar pemanfaatannya tidak merusak lingkungan. Penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh komposisi selulosa-kitosan terhadap sifat mekanik bioplastik, morfologi dan sifat biodegradabilitas. Pada penelitian ini bioplastik berbahan dasar limbah ampas sagu. Kitosan diperoleh dari isolasi limbah cangkang kepiting menggunakan metode microwave. Pembuatan bioplastik menggunakan metode blending dengan variasi perbandingan selulosa-kitosan 3:1, 4:1, dan 5:1 (b/b). Analisis Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) menunjukkan adanya gugus OH, CH, dan NH pada film. Hasil Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) menunjukkan permukaan yang tidak rata dan adanya aglomerasi.  Uji ketahanan air yang diperoleh berturut turut 131; 110,5; dan 92,68%. Bioplastik dengan daya serap air paling rendah terdapat pada variasi 5:1 yaitu sebesar 92,68%. Uji sifat mekanik menunjukkan penambahan berat selulosa dapat meningkatkan nilai kuat tarik dan modulus young, tetapi menurunkan nilai elongasi. Nilai kuat tarik terbaik terdapat pada perbandingan selulosa-kitosan 5:1 sebesar 1,48 MPa. Nilai elongasi terbaik terdapat pada komposisi 4:1 sebesar 13,36% dan nilai modulus young terbaik terdapat pada komposisi 5:1 sebesar 12,62 MPa.  Uji biodegradabilitas menunjukkan persentase pengurangan bioplastik terbesar setelah 28 hari penguburan yaitu 85% (3:1). Optimization of Mechanical Properties of Bioplastic Composite from Sago Pulp Cellulose and Crab Shell Chitosan. Preliminary studies are necessary to study the mechanical properties of bioplastic to obtain bioplastics that can be adjusted to their proper use. The degradable ability also needs to be examined so that its utilization does not damage the environment. This study investigated how cellulose and chitosan composition affects these bioplastics' mechanical, morphological, and biodegradable properties. Cellulose-based bioplastics were isolated from sago pulp waste, while chitosan was extracted from crab shell waste using the microwave method. The bioplastics were produced through a blending process with different cellulose-chitosan ratios of 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1 (w/w). FTIR analysis revealed the presence of OH, CH, and NH groups in the bioplastic film. SEM results showed an uneven surface and agglomeration in the bioplastic. Water resistance tests yielded 131, 110.5, and 92.68% absorption capacities for the respective ratios, with the lowest absorption seen in the 5:1 variation. Mechanical tests demonstrated that increasing cellulose content improved tensile strength and Young's modulus but reduced elongation. The highest tensile strength (1.48 MPa) was achieved with a 5:1 cellulose-chitosan ratio. The best elongation (13.36%) was observed in the 4:1 composition, and the highest Young's modulus (12.62 MPa) was found in the 5:1 composition. The biodegradability test showed the most significant percentage of bioplastic reduction after 28 days of burial, which was 85% (3:1).
Karakterisasi Pektin yang Diekstraksi dari Kulit Pisang Ambon Hijau (Musa acuminata Colla) dengan Spektroskopi FT-IR dan Analisis Kemometrik Renny Indrawati; Olivia Laura Nitte; Yuyun Yuniati
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 20, No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.20.1.70208.1-11

Abstract

Limbah kulit buah pisang ambon hijau (Musa acuminata Colla) merupakan salah satu kandidat bahan baku pektin yang murah dan mudah ditemukan. Ekstraksi pektin dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai metode dan pelarut asam, namun akan mempengaruhi rendemen serta karakteristik pektin yang dihasilkan. Di sisi lain, spektroskopi FTIR dapat digunakan untuk karakterisasi pektin secara cepat, mudah, dengan sejumlah kecil sampel, tetapi data spektrum vibrasi pada rentang bilangan gelombang yang cukup luas seringkali tidak mudah dibedakan antar sampel. Analisis kemometrik multivariat dapat diterapkan untuk memudahkan analisis data. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan karakteristik pektin yang diekstraksi dari kulit pisang dengan variasi pelarut (asam klorida dan asam sitrat) dan waktu ekstraksi (5, 10, dan 15 menit) menggunakan metode microwave, serta melakukan komparasi pektin hasil ekstraksi terhadap pektin komersial dengan metode analisis FTIR dan kemometrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keberhasilan ekstraksi pektin yang dikonfirmasi dengan adanya vibrasi gugus fungsi pektin pada spektrum FTIR. Analisis semi-kuantitatif dengan perbandingan data serapan gugus karboksil teresterifikasi dan karboksil bebas menunjukkan pektin hasil ekstraksi dengan pelarut asam sitrat memiliki derajat esterifikasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan hasil ekstraksi dengan asam klorida. Analisis komponen utama mengonfirmasi kedekatan spektrum pektin hasil ekstraksi dengan asam sitrat ataupun asam klorida selama 10 menit dengan spektrum pektin komersial.Characterization of Pectin Extracted from Banana Peels (Musa acuminata Colla) using FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analysis. The peel of green banana Musa acuminata Colla is a potential source of pectin. Pectin extraction can be performed using various methods and solvents, but it might influence the characteristics of the result. On the other hand, FTIR spectroscopy can be used to rapidly and simply characterize pectin, but the vibrational data over a wide range of wavenumbers is not easily distinguished between samples. Multivariate chemometric analysis can be applied to ease data analysis. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of pectin obtained after microwave-assisted extraction of the banana peels using different solvents (hydrochloric acid and citric acid) and extraction time (5, 10, and 15 minutes), as well as to compare those pectins toward its commercial grade using chemometric analysis. The result showed successful pectin extraction, as revealed by particular vibrations of functional groups in the pectin structure. Based on semi-quantitative analysis, the absorption band ratio between esterified carboxyl groups and free carboxyl groups revealed that the pectin extracted using citric acid had a higher degree of esterification than that extracted using hydrochloric acid. Principal component analysis confirmed the closeness of pectin obtained after 10 minutes of extraction using citric acid or hydrochloric acid to that of commercial pectin.

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