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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,848 Documents
 134   135   136   137   138 
Historical Arch Bridges-Deterioration and Restoration Techniques Amin Bagherzadeh Azar; Ali Sari
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 7 (2023): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-010

Abstract

Historic buildings are the most valuable evidence of cultural heritage. They play an essential role in establishing a tangible link between the past and the present by understanding, interpreting, and tracing the epoch of civilization. Unfortunately, the high costs of restoration, vandalism, and arson take their toll. However, new technologies are having a positive impact on the restoration process and are becoming a suitable alternative to labor-intensive, expensive, and unsafe traditional inspections. Therefore, the role of non-destructive testing (NDT) as a new method is becoming more evident. Faro laser scanning, impact echo, impulse sound testing, and geoelectric tomography as non-destructive methods are leading to the inspection of historic structures to preserve their character. These new methods are representative of the development of non-contact techniques for the examination and documentation of structures. Non-destructive testing examines the internal and external structure of complex building components as well as defective areas, quantifies cracks, and detects near-surface moisture. The objective of this work is to identify new adventurous and traditional methods for the reconstruction of the Turkish arch bridges Dara-1 and Halilviran to determine the appropriate rehabilitation methods and their deterioration of construction materials, damage, and failure patterns. Bridge dimensions were measured using a Faro laser scanner, which allows inspectors to capture and evaluate data from bridges and structural components without permanently altering them. The laser captures bridge dimensions by scanning cross-sections of the structure in the horizontal and vertical planes. The data is exported in the form of point clouds that represent all visible aspects and actual dimensions of the bridge in 2D and 3D models. In comparison between traditional and laser scanning methods, the main advantages of the applied method are the time savings on-site and the creation of a three-dimensional model of the structure, which can be used to collect precise and accurate surface data of objects in a non-destructive manner. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-010 Full Text: PDF
Strength Properties of Polymer Reactive Powder Concrete with Waste Materials Shatha Sadiq Hasan; Mohammed Y. Fattah
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 8 (2023): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-09

Abstract

Reactive powder concrete, or RPC, outperforms conventional or even high-performance concrete in terms of ultra-high strength and better durability. Several buildings were destroyed in Iraq, and recycling the garbage from these buildings can significantly help reduce waste and environmental pollution as well as serve as a source of aggregate for use in new construction. Reusing garbage and using sustainable building materials are now crucial environmental challenges, so this study aimed to replace the natural fine aggregate, NFA, used in preparations of polymer reactive powder concreter, "PRPC" with recycled aggregates, or RA, from crushed old concrete, COC, in order to make PRPC production more environmentally and sustainably friendly. In this study, RPC is modified by adding styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), a polymer, to the original mixture at a ratio of 13% by weight of cement. This study sought to determine the effect of using COC as recycled fine aggregate (RFA) on the compressive, splitting, and flexural strengths of PRPC. The main objective of this investigation is to study the effect of oil (water, new oil, and waste engine oil) on the compressive and tensile strengths of PRPC with COC and to compare the behavior with that of a control mix (PRPC with NFA). The mixtures were prepared using six different percentages of RFA, replacing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% NfA. After 28 days, the six mixes were divided into three groups. The first was still being cured in water, W; the second in waste engine oil, WEO; and the third in kerosene oil, KO. The results showed that using COC as RFA in PRPC was viable, and according to this investigation, the mix with 40% COC replacement with NFA provides the highest values of compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength before and after exposure to liquids (water, new oil, and waste engine oil). Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-09 Full Text: PDF
Carbon Sequestration Dynamics in Urban-Adjacent Forests: A 50-Year Analysis A. A. Vais; P. V. Mikhaylov; V. V. Popova; A. G. Nepovinnykh; V. N. Nemich; A. A. Andronova; S. K. Mamedova
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9, No 9 (2023): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-09-08

Abstract

Achieving carbon neutrality is crucial for urban ecosystems. Forests growing near cities largely determine the state of the environment in urban areas. The aim of the present research is to assess the carbon productivity dynamics in forests near Krasnoyarsk (a large industrial center) over a 50-year period in terms of carbon sequestration and conservation. The study was based on forest inventory conducted in Karaul'noe Forestry in 1972, 1982, and 2002 and forest inventory covering six forest compartments in 2022. The forest covers 3980 ha and consists of 52 forest compartments. The analysis was based on the assessment of carbon productivity dynamics and followed four levels of principles: forestry, structure, forest compartment, and forest stand. The research was based on forest fund dynamics, analyzing methods, long-term forest inventory, assessing carbon stock, and growing stock dynamics. Pine is the dominant forest-forming species that absorbs the most carbon in the study area. Pine is long-lived, covers a vast area, and has the highest carbon sequestration potential. At the forest structure level, the predominant carbon pools are mid-late successional and late successional stands dominated by pine, birch, and aspen. Forest compartment-level analysis revealed three trends in carbon sequestration: carbon balance, a decrease in carbon sequestration, and an increase in carbon sequestration. Notably, the prevailing trend is determined by changes in carbon sequestration by dominant forest-forming species (pine). Forest stand-level analysis showed that stands have become more and more uneven-aged. About 65% of total carbon stock is concentrated in mid successional, mid-late successional and late-successional stands, and 35% in young stands. The carbon sequestration rate decreases in forests with age. However, pine forests increase biological productivity and continue to successfully sequester carbon. Deciduous forests have lost their carbon sequestration potential, and the area they occupy is currently decreasing in the study area. The development of the young generation in pine stands suggests that the carbon sequestration potential in forests growing near the city will not decrease and may even increase due to climate change. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-09-08 Full Text: PDF
Analysis of Perceptions of Cycling Safety on Roads with Mixed Traffic Depending on Age, Gender, and Riding Experience Mevlan Bixhaku; Gëzim Hoxha; Ramadan Duraku
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9 (2023): Special Issue "Innovative Strategies in Civil Engineering Grand Challenges"
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2023-09-011

Abstract

Promoting cycling as a sustainable mode of transport necessitates understanding how individuals perceive the risks associated with bicycling based on age, gender, and riding experience. This study addresses a critical gap in the field of traffic by examining cyclists' perceptions of risk and safety on mixed-traffic roads. Despite increased interest in promoting cycling as a sustainable means of transportation, research on this topic is rare. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to existing literature on cyclist perceptions and cycling safety on roads with mixed traffic by examining the significant differences that may exist among age groups, genders, and individuals with varying riding experiences. The research focuses on roads lacking distinct bicycle paths and characterized by heterogeneous traffic streams. The study surveyed 120 cyclists on 13 roads in Pristina, the capital of Kosovo. Safety perception, measured using a Likert scale (1–5), was the dependent variable. Non-parametric methods, specifically the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, were employed to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The results revealed statistically significant differences between genders (Mann-Whitney test: U = 720; Z = -5.887, p = 0.000 < 0.05; r = -0.537), between groups with and without riding experience (Mann-Whitney test: U = 1240.5; Z = -2.59; p = 0.01; r = -0.236), and among age groups (Kruskal Wallis test: df = 4; p = 0.022 < 0.05). With Bonferroni correction, post hoc analysis using the Mann-Whitney test demonstrated significant differences (adjusted p < 0.0125) between at least two age groups. The median perception of general safety was at Likert scale 3 (average safety), while the perception of comfort was at level 2 (uncomfortable). These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers involved in urban planning, offering targeted strategies to enhance cycling safety based on age, gender, and riding experience. The findings highlight the complicated interaction of these elements and their impact on riders' safety perceptions. By understanding these dynamics, policymakers and urban planners may build targeted interventions and infrastructure upgrades to promote safer and more inclusive riding environments. This work adds to the field by shining light on the elements that influence cyclists' risk perception, eventually guiding methods for improving cycling safety and boosting the use of bicycles as a sustainable transportation choice. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2023-09-011 Full Text: PDF
Study on Mechanical and Durability Properties of East Borneo Double Layer Porous Concrete Paving Block Yudi Pranoto; Nor Fazilah Hashim; . Tumingan; Daru Purbaningtyas
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 9 (2023): Special Issue "Innovative Strategies in Civil Engineering Grand Challenges"
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2023-09-012

Abstract

Massive infrastructure development in East Borneo has reduced the water catchment area. One of the efforts to overcome this is by implementing porous paving with superplasticizer and local materials to improve quality, overcome material scarcity, and save costs. The purpose of this study was to determine the best layer variation of porous paving using Palu and Senoni materials with variations of 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 of Senoni aggregate. In this study, the test object was made in the form of a beam with a quality of concrete planned at K300 MPa according to the compressive strength, flexural strength, porosity, and permeability values tested at the ages of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Based on the results, the variant layer of 1/4 Senoni obtained maximum compressive strength, flexural strength, porosity, and permeability of 17.306 MPa, 3.984 MPa, 18.120%, and 0.216 cm/second at the age of 28 days, respectively. Thus categorized this combination as C quality. Which was included in the C quality group with an application as a pedestrian area. According to the permeability result, double-layer porous paving can accelerate water absorption on the surface to prevent waterlogging when it rains. The increasing variation of layers in double-layer porous paving affects the compressive strength, flexural strength, porosity, and permeability. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2023-09-012 Full Text: PDF
Application of Soft Computing to Address Uncertainty in Construction Project Management: A Systematic Literature Review Setya Winarno; Sri Kusumadewi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 6 (2024): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-06-020

Abstract

Decision-making in Construction Project Management (CPM) involves numerous ambiguous information and uncertainties due to the nature of construction project. The Soft Computing (SC) approach, which offers several data processing strategies under uncertainty, has been extensively researched in CPM studies for decision problem solving. Decisions that cannot be adequately handled by conventional computer systems are facilitated by the SC approach. The SC approach encompasses a variety of SC techniques that are constantly developing and becoming more widely used to address real construction challenges. This study aims to conduct Systematic Literature Reviews (SLR) on the development of mainstream SC techniques and their current application in construction projects. Using an inventive SLR technique, 83 CPM papers covering the years 2018 to 2023 were selected for this study and then classified into four primary application themes of SC in CPM. The research trend was then described using bibliometric analysis. Afterwards, a topic-based qualitative analysis was conducted to investigate the application of SC approaches in the construction field. Several potential challenges to current research were then elaborated. It also contributed to suggesting future directions for the advancement of SC techniques that would be advantageous for construction research and practice. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-06-020 Full Text: PDF
Evaluating the Importance of Ecosystem Services in University Campus Giao Thanh Nguyen; Dan Hoang Truong
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 1 (2024): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-01-015

Abstract

University campuses provide a variety of ecosystem services (ES) that play an important role in both physical and mental benefits for students. However, the importance and actual service performance of ES in universities were not clearly perceived in Vietnam. This study was conducted to fill these gaps with the objectives of (1) assessing students' perceptions of the importance of ecosystem services on their university campus and (2) assessing students' satisfaction with these ecosystem services. Using the interview method, the study collected research data from 210 students at Can Tho University (CTU), a large university in Vietnam. The results of the study have confirmed the importance of ecosystem services such as trees, lawns, water bodies, and buildings on CTU's campus. With modern design, buildings play an important role in creating space to organize formal classes, self-study, and group work for students. Green spaces not only improve air temperature and bring high aesthetic value, but they are also habitats for many species of animals and plants. Most students were very satisfied with the ES provided by the CTU's campus. However, the functions of the grass and water bodies ecosystem need to be improved, as the student satisfaction with these ES was significantly lower than the value they expected. The results of analyzing the importance and satisfaction of ES will be a useful basis for making decisions on planning and developing ecosystems. This is a new research direction in Vietnam that needs continued research and application. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-01-015 Full Text: PDF
The Effect of Oil Contaminated on Collapse Pattern in Gypseous Soil Using Particle Image Velocimetry and Simulation Hala Mahmood Jawad; Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 7 (2024): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-07-016

Abstract

Gypseous soil covers approximately 30% of Iraqi lands and is widely used in geotechnical and construction engineering as it is. The demand for residential complexes has increased, so one of the significant challenges in studying gypsum soil due to its unique behavior is understanding its interaction with foundations, such as strip and square footing. This is because there is a lack of experiments that provide total displacement diagrams or failure envelopes, which are well-considered for non-problematic soil. The aim is to address a comprehensive understanding of the micromechanical properties of dry, saturated, and treated gypseous sandy soils and to analyze the interaction of strip base with this type of soil using particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement and Plaxis 3D simulation. The results showed that high-resolution digital cameras captured soil deformation using PIV, displacement fields, and velocity vectors were generated, which helped identify different sand movement zones. Further, PIV showed punching and general shear failure in uncontaminated and soaked contaminated gypsum soils, respectively. Moreover, the Plaxis results corresponded well with the PIV, as material behavior models are essentially simplified representations of the actual behavior of footing and soil. Understanding soil deformation behavior is crucial for accurate engineering calculations and designs, making these findings valuable for geotechnical and construction engineering applications. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-07-016 Full Text: PDF
Effects of GFRP Stirrup Spacing on the Behavior of Doubly GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Beams Musa AbdulMuttalib Issa; Abbas A. Allawi; Nazar Oukaili
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2024): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-011

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of varying glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) stirrup spacing on the performance of doubly GFRP-reinforced concrete beams. The research focuses on assessing the behavior of GFRP-reinforced concrete beams, including load-carrying capacity, cracking, and deformability. It explores the feasibility and effectiveness of GFRP bars as an alternative to traditional steel reinforcement in concrete structures. Six concrete beams with a cross-section of 300 mm (wide) × 250 mm (deep), simply supported on a 2100 mm span, were tested. The beams underwent four-point bending with two concentrated loads applied symmetrically at one-third of the span length, resulting in a shear span (a)-to-depth (h) ratio of 2.8. The experimental findings reveal that altering the GFRP stirrup spacing along the longitudinal axis of the beams, from 200 mm (equivalent to the effective depth (d)) to 50 mm (equal to (d⁄4)), altered the mode of failure from flexure-shear to flexure-compression. However, when the spacing was equal to or less than (d⁄3), there was no significant improvement in load-carrying capacity, as the contribution of GFRP bars in resisting shear loads was limited. Under service loads, the GFRP-reinforced beams exhibited wider cracks, but reducing the stirrup spacing helped restrain crack widening. Incorporating GFRP bars in the compression zone had a positive effect on reducing crack width in the tension zone. Additionally, using GFRP stirrups with spacing varying between (d) and (d⁄2) in the pure bending region increased the deflection ductility indexes. To enhance the ductility of GFRP-reinforced concrete beams, it is recommended to use GFRP stirrups in the pure bending region with spacing greater than the spacing between GFRP stirrups in the shear spans. The study highlights that the current ACI code overestimates the shear capacity provided by GFRP stirrups, particularly when the spacing is less than or equal to (d⁄3). Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-011 Full Text: PDF
Response Reduction Factor for Structures with Significant Irregularities on Different Soil Stratum Shorouk M. Elsadany; M. N. Fayed; Tamer M. Sorour; A. M. Anwar; Nasr E. Nasr
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 10, No 3 (2024): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-03-07

Abstract

The ability of a structure to dissipate energy through inelastic behavior is reflected in the response reduction factor (R), which is influenced by redundancy, ductility, and overstrength. Accurate determination of R is crucial for seismic design. This study focuses on determining the response factor for reinforced concrete (RC) structures with various irregularities. Non-linear static pushover analysis using SAP2000 was employed for numerical simulations to assess the impact of soil-structure interaction (SSI). The analysis included elevational and in-plan irregularities, revealing that buildings with irregular vertical geometries have lower inelastic seismic capacities compared to regular buildings. Consequently, R should be reduced by 15–40% from the ECP 2020 standard before the design phase for such structures. Irregularity was found to have a significant impact on weak soil conditions (C), leading to a reduction in R of 20.3% and 13.1% for fixed and isolated supports, respectively, on loose soil. Additionally, stiffer base soils were associated with higher R values for the same structure. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-03-07 Full Text: PDF

Page 136 of 185 | Total Record : 1848

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