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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,848 Documents
 164   165   166   167   168 
Modified Asphalt Mixtures Incorporating Pulverized Recycled Rubber and Recycled Asphalt Pavement Cubas, Marlon; Correa, Evelyn; Benavides, Wilmer; Suclupe, Robert; Arriola, Guillermo
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2025): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-02

Abstract

In the search to achieve eco-friendly techniques that ensure significant improvements in the properties of hot mix asphalt (HMA), recycled materials are being considered with greater application, coming from the pavement itself and also from artificial elements such as rubber. In this sense, the objective was to study the behavior of the mechanical and microstructural properties of HMA by adding pulverized recycled rubber (PRR) and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP), taking into account a control group without any addition and an experimental group with PRR and RAP. The research involved the production of briquettes with the modification of asphalt cement (AC) using doses of 3%, 5%, and 7% of PRR as a replacement by weight of AC. Then, the optimal percentage of PRR was combined with 10%, 20%, and 30% RAP as a partial substitute for the coarse aggregate. It should be noted that in both aspects, the thermogravimetric and microstructural performance of the asphalt mixture was evaluated. Subsequently, the results obtained indicate that the HMA is MAC-1 type, and it was established that the combinations of PRR and RAP significantly influence the physical-mechanical properties of the HMA with 3%PRR+10%RAP. On the other hand, the findings of the PRR thermogravimetric analysis show that the degradation of HMA occurs at 350°C, causing the loss of both mechanical and microstructural properties. However, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the PRR adheres correctly with the aggregate, improving the morphology and texture of the HMA. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-02 Full Text: PDF
Performance Evaluation of Alkaline Activated Geopolymer Binders Using RCA and Industrial By-Products as Cement Alternatives Shaaban, Mostafa; Edris, Walid Fouad; Al Sayed, Abd Al-Kader A.; Alrashidi, Raid S.; Selouma, Tarek Ibrahim
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2025): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-018

Abstract

This study explores the performance of alkaline-activated geopolymer binders using industrial by-products and recycled concrete fine aggregate (RCFA) as sustainable alternatives to traditional cement. Materials such as granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), silica fume (SF), red brick powder (RBP), quick lime (QL), and RCA were utilized to develop eco-friendly binders with enhanced mechanical and durability properties. Experimental tests evaluated physical, mechanical, and microstructural characteristics, including setting times, dry density, flexural strength, and compressive strength. Advanced analysis with SEM and EDAX examined aggregate-binder bonding. Results highlighted the critical role of binder composition in determining performance. Balanced mixtures of GBFS, SF, and RBP achieved superior strength, durability, and compact microstructures, while excessive QL increased porosity, reducing effectiveness. Optimal flexural strength (4.24 MPa at 56 days) was observed for the G30/S40-L20 formulation, underscoring the importance of precise proportions. Composition influenced setting times, with SF delaying gelation and high QL content accelerating it. The findings demonstrate the viability of using RCFA and industrial by-products in sustainable construction, offering a pathway to reduce reliance on traditional cement. The study emphasizes optimizing binder formulations for strength and durability while addressing environmental impacts, encouraging further research into long-term performance under diverse conditions. This innovative approach highlights the potential for integrating recycled and industrial by-products into construction practices to achieve eco-friendly solutions and promote sustainable urban development. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-018 Full Text: PDF
Smart Roundabout Coordination Systems for Sustainable Urban Mobility Halawani, Ahmed T. M.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2025): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-013

Abstract

Traffic signal coordination control is a smart approach used in urban networks to relieve the congestion by increasing corridor throughput and minimizing overall traffic delay. Previous studies have investigated various signal coordination challenges; however, integrating roundabouts into a coordinated signalized corridor without compromising their operational distinctiveness remains underexplored. This study introduces an adaptive traffic signal offset strategy incorporating a platoon compaction factor to address the dispersion effects caused by roundabouts, ensuring the preservation of platoon movement along the coordinated corridor. The method was evaluated using the PTV VISSIM micro-simulation software. The results show improvements in sustainability indicators at roundabouts, with average corridor-level delays minimized by 17%, delays associated with vehicle stops reduced by 28%, fuel consumption reduced by 16%, and emissions reduced by 9% and 16% for NOₓ and CO₂, respectively. These improvements were statistically significant, affirming the robustness of the proposed method. The findings underscore the potential benefits of implementing this framework in real-world traffic scenarios, contributing to making urban transportation systems more efficient and sustainable. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-013 Full Text: PDF
Integrated FEM, CFD, and BIM Approaches for Optimizing Pre-Stressed Concrete Wind Turbine Tower Design Abdelrheem, Abdelrahman E.; El-Helloty, Arafa; Ehab, Ahmed
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2025): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-08

Abstract

Today, all over the world, people are looking for sustainable energy with modern systems for the coming generations. Wind energy plays a crucial role in supplying electricity to modern systems worldwide. Onshore turbines are necessary to ensure efficient and economical operation of taller wind towers, which can reach up to 100 m. However, building taller turbine towers faces many challenges, such as complex cross-sectional design, multiple stresses, and high construction costs due to different variables. To combat these challenges, this article proposes an optimization design aimed at enhancing the cost-effectiveness of the pre-stressed concrete wind turbine industry, making it accessible to the wind turbine market and design engineers. The main idea of the research is an integration of design criteria and cost conditions by creating a C# plugin to determine the optimal design with minimum cost as an add-in to a 3D software simulating program. This integration helps to calculate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using the finite element method (FEM) and minimizes costs in building information modeling (BIM), which covers some gaps from the previous works. The study presents a methodology for designing concrete wind towers and facilitating data exchange between finite element software (Ansys) and BIM software by IFC files. The optimization problem in this article is a multi-objective problem, with an optimal design that minimizes costs by reducing the vibrational wear satisfied by suitable structural stiffness. Results showed an optimal design for the concrete wind tower, resulting in a 24% reduction in material costs for the same height compared to conventional alternatives. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-02-08 Full Text: PDF
Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of I-Steel Beam with Sinusoidal Web Abd Matooq, Jawad; Khalaf, Majed A.; Al Menhosh, Adel A.; Almayah, Abdulamir A.; Majeed, Fareed H.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2025): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-08

Abstract

For structural models, existing research frequently uses deterministic numerical analysis. Test findings, however, constantly point out uncertainties, especially about variables like the imposed load's amplitude, geometrical dimensions, material unpredictability, and inadequate experiential data. In response, scholars have focused more on probabilistic design models, realizing their importance for precisely forecasting structural performance. This research aims to incorporate reliability-based analysis into the numerical modeling of steel beams with sinusoidal webs. A steel welded plate beam with an I-section and a sinusoidal web has been taken into consideration in this study. The web height is 750 mm, the web thickness is 2.0 mm, the flange width is 300 mm, and the flange thickness is 5.0 mm. The beam's length, l = 1000 mm, has two 10.0 mm thick stiffeners positioned beneath the applied load to stop the flange from failing locally as a result of load concentration and end plate supports that are 5 mm thick. The commercial software application ANSYS ver. 2019 R3 has been used to perform a nonlinear finite element analysis in order to examine the failure modes and load capacities. In the first stage of this study, the changing of the amplitude/period ratio, A/P, was taken into consideration to examine the failure capacity loads and deformed shapes to optimize the amplitude/period ratio. In the second stage, the optimum amplitude/period ratio, A/P, was taken, and changing the period/span ratios, P/L, made the best use of the period/span ratios by examining the failure capacity loads and deformed forms. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-08 Full Text: PDF
Piezometer Time-Lag and Pore Pressure Ratio for Identification of Dam Internal Erosion Thepjunthra, Wiphada; Mairaing, Warakorn; Jinakulwipat, Montri; Chalermpornchai, Thawatchai; Kunsuwan, Bunpoat
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2025): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-019

Abstract

Earth dams on complex geology without proper foundation treatment often face the risk of seepage problems. Sufficient installation and interpretation of field instruments are essential for monitoring dam behavior. Three indicators are introduced for assessment of seepage behavior: time lag (TL), pore pressure ratio (PR), and trigger water level (HW). The normalized TL reflects the washing out and plugging of rock cracks, as well as the progression of internal erosion. The foundation of the studied dam consisted of foliated rocks that were highly fractured, with the axis of the foliations aligned almost in the upstream-downstream direction, with a possible low-stress zone on the syncline axis. The existing crack easily opened in the concave section of the syncline when the reservoir had risen to a certain elevation, resulting in increased permeability and a higher flow to the downstream area, known as “hydraulic fracturing” (HF). The piezometer TL clearly indicated a shorter response time as the operating period progressed. The study dam showed the possibility of HF in the foundation, as observed during 2003–2024. The progression of HF was also confirmed by the increase in PR levels toward downstream. This revealed that the ongoing progression of HF had occurred at sta.2+700, which agreed well with the location of the slip zone that had occurred in 1993. HWwas activated by the reservoir water level response also decreasing with time from 2003 to 2024, confirming that water infiltration through the rock crack progressed with time. These three indicators could act as good warning indices for seepage problems. This compiled knowledge could be transformed into a flowchart to identify the possible risks of hydraulic fracturing in the dam. If the three indices all showed the same trend, the potential for hydraulic fracturing and internal erosion would be very high. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-019 Full Text: PDF
An Innovative Design of Strip and Circular Footings on Sand Surface: Stress–Density Framework Ramadan, Mohamed I.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2025): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-03

Abstract

The bearing capacity of shallow foundations subjected to vertical centric loads has been extensively investigated. Despite the variability in the bearing capacity factor Nγ as proposed by different methodologies, the classical solution remains dominant in design codes. Critical variables affecting the bearing capacity of sand encompass sand particle morphology, footing width or diameter (B or D), mean effective stress level (p'), and sand relative density (Dr). Different sand types may exhibit distinct mobilization friction angles (ϕm) at the same Dr and p', resulting in varied stress-strain behaviors. Thus, the actual bearing capacity may not be accurately reflected by estimates of ???????? derived from a constant peak friction angle (ϕp) value. In this study, a Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model (3D-FEM) has been applied to both strip and circular footings, employing a hypoplastic constitutive sand model to replicate sand behavior. The model efficiently replicates the compression and shear behavior of sand across a wide range of confining pressures and densities. A comprehensive parametric analysis has been conducted, encompassing a broad range of parameter variations. The principal objective is to present an innovative design approach concerning the bearing capacity of footings for diverse sand characteristics across an extensive array of sand properties. Additionally, a correlation has been established between the bearing capacity factors for strip and circular footings. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-03 Full Text: PDF
Advanced Digital Modeling of Stress–Strain Behavior in Rock Masses to Ensure Stability of Underground Mine Workings Demin, Vladimir; Kalinin, Alexey; Tomilova, Nadezhda; Tomilov, Aleksandr; Akpanbayeva, Assem; Shokarev, Denis; Popov, Anton
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2025): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-014

Abstract

This study focuses on optimizing underground support systems through advanced numerical modeling and geomechanical assessment. The research aims to refine reinforcement parameters for underground mine workings by analyzing the stress-strain behavior of rock masses using Rocscience RS2 software. The study integrates geological and geotechnical data, including field observations and numerical simulations, to enhance the accuracy of support system designs. The methodology is based on the finite element method (FEM) and the Hoek–Brown softening model, allowing the identification of plastic deformation zones and stress redistribution patterns. The results confirm that maximum stress increases by 35–40% for every 100 m of depth, necessitating enhanced reinforcement. The study evaluates hybrid support systems, specifically steel-polymer bolts with shotcrete, demonstrating a 15% reduction in plastic deformations compared to conventional methods. The findings highlight the importance of continuous geotechnical monitoring and adaptive reinforcement strategies to ensure stability in highly fractured rock masses. The proposed approach provides a more precise prediction of excavation stability, contributing to the development of safer and more efficient underground mining practices. Future research may include the integration of intelligent monitoring systems equipped with real-time sensors to further optimize support strategies and long-term stability assessments. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-014 Full Text: PDF
Performance Optimization of Masonry Mortar with Marble Dust, Spent Coffee Grounds, and Peanut Shell Ash Beskopylny, Alexey N.; Hematibahar, Mohammad; Momeni, Komeil; Stel'makh, Sergei A.; Shcherban', Evgenii M.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2025): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-09

Abstract

This research focused on the inclusion of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) and peanut shell ash (PSH) as variable additives and marble dust as a constant additive to cement materials to substitute aggregates and determine the effect of each variable on the properties of cement materials. To determine the influence of PSH and SCGs, these were added to mortar in 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% proportions and were combined with microsilica and superplasticizer. To analyze the results, the compressive and flexural strengths during three-point bending were investigated. The chemical composition and microstructure of the mortar mix were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The results showed that incorporating microsilica into the mortar mix increased the compressive strength to over 35.42 MPa compared to the control sample's 33.4 MPa. Adding 0.1% and 0.3% of SCGs and PSH improved the compressive strength of the mortar mix to over 39.48 and 38.09 MPa, respectively. Including 0.2% SCGs and 0.1% PSH increased the flexural strength to over 4.52 and 6.0 MPa, respectively. The SEM and EDX results showed that adding 0.3% SCGs slowed down the formation of calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H), consequently slowing down the hydration processes, and the strength gain was slower compared to microsilica. The addition of 0.3 PSH stimulated the formation of C-S-H, additionally supplying the cement matrix with such elements as Si and Al. Overall, adding SCGs and PSH has a positive effect on the mechanical and chemical properties of the mortar mix, although adding PSH is more beneficial than adding SCGs. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-09 Full Text: PDF
Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using Combined TRIGRS and Flow-R Rifa’i, Ahmad; Yuniawan, Ragil A.; Faris, Fikri; Trisnawati, Tiara R.; Purba, Byon Rezy Pradana; Subiyantoro, Andy; Suryana, Eka Priangga Hari; Ridwan, Banata Wahid
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2025): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-020

Abstract

Landslides were addressed as one of the natural hazards that can create extensive disasters. Effective assessment to locate potential landslide events is crucial for planning and risk mitigation. This study, which is located in the Sumitro watershed, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, presents a novel approach to landslide susceptibility assessment by integrating the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Model (TRIGRS) with the Flow-R model. Five key parameters, namely slope, soil properties, groundwater level, soil thickness, and rainfall, were used to create the landslide susceptibility zonation. TRIGRS was used to identify the landslide initiation, while Flow-R was used to create the run-out area. The result was then validated through statistical evaluation using Area Under Curve (AUC) based on the landslide inventory. Results show that landslide susceptibility zonation created from TRIGRS alone resulted in an AUC value of 0.679, while the combination of TRIGRS-Flow-R susceptibility zonation shows a better AUC value of 0.728. The increase of the AUC value of almost 0.05 has enhanced the correlation between the landslide susceptibility zonation and landslide inventory from “acceptable” to “excellent” correlation. This result demonstrates that integrating Flow-R with TRIGRS improves the performance of landslide susceptibility zonation. This study offers a new perspective on creating landslide susceptibility zonation by combining two methods, yielding more reliable results. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-020 Full Text: PDF

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