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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,848 Documents
 166   167   168   169   170 
Cluster-Driven Predictive Model for Asphalt Pavement Maximum Temperature in Tropical Airport Herry, Pebri; Sjafruddin, Ade; Subagio, Bambang S.; Hariyadi, Eri S.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2025): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-01

Abstract

The majority of runways are constructed using flexible pavement surfaced with Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). The performance of these materials is significantly influenced by temperature due to their viscoelastic nature. Understanding the maximum temperature profile in the HMA layer is essential for evaluating pavement load-bearing capacity and durability. Therefore, this study aimed to present a robust model for predicting maximum pavement temperature distributions based on direct measurements from 13 strategically selected airports in the tropical region of Indonesia. Data was collected using the Airside Pavement Sensing System (AirPaSS), a monitoring device that integrated solar-powered energy management, automated data transmission, and multi-depth thermocouple sensors, providing real-time and accurate temperature measurements. By using hierarchical clustering, airports were categorized into three clusters based on air temperature, pavement temperature, and elevation, enabling precise and cluster-specific material design. The result showed that the predictive model incorporating linear and logarithmic regression achieved high accuracy, with Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values ranging from 0.91°C to 2.01°C and Adjusted R² values between 0.76-0.91. This model offered a practical solution for predicting HMA layer temperature at any depth. The results provided valuable information for performance-based grading systems with significant implications for improving infrastructure resilience in tropical and similar climatic regions. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-01 Full Text: PDF
Mechanical Properties of Sustainable Base Course Binder Incorporating GGBFS and Spent FCC Catalyst Rasheed, Sajjad E.; Hassan, Waqed H.; Fattah, Mohammed Y.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2025): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-012

Abstract

This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst as partial cement replacements in pavement base course materials. Various blends of GGBFS and FCC catalyst were evaluated as binders for unbound granular base (UGB) material, with total binder content fixed at 10% by weight. Mechanical properties were assessed through unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and splitting tensile strength tests at 3, 7, 28, and 56 days. Microstructural analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results indicate that an optimal blend of 60% FCC and 40% GGBS achieved the highest UCS of 9.6 MPa at 56 days, exceeding typical requirements for cement-treated base materials. All investigated mix proportions surpassed the minimum 28-day strength requirement of 4 MPa for pavement base applications. Splitting tensile strength results corroborated compressive strength trends, with enhanced tensile-to-compressive strength ratios suggesting improved crack resistance potential. Microstructural analysis revealed a dense, well-reacted cementitious system supporting the observed mechanical performance. These findings demonstrate the technical feasibility and potential environmental benefits of incorporating high volumes of GGBS and spent FCC catalyst in pavement base materials, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional cement-based binders. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-012 Full Text: PDF
Gray Correlation Coefficient Analysis on the Mechanical Properties of Nylon Fiber Reinforced Recycled Aggregate Concrete with GGBS Islam, Sk. Rakibul; Mutsuddy, Rupak; Shahid, Nishatee Binte
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2025): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-07

Abstract

Rapid urbanization and infrastructure development intensify the demand for aggregate in concrete production. One efficient technique to reduce demolition and construction waste and produce sustainable concrete is using recycled aggregates. However, previous studies on recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) demonstrated that the mechanical characteristics are remarkably affected due to the adhered previous layers of mortar with the aggregate. Incorporating fibers and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in the concrete mix is a common practice that enhances the mechanical characteristics of concrete and ensures sustainability by reducing carbon footprint. Previous studies lack the combination of nylon fiber (NF) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), a by-product of the iron industry and treated as solid waste. Moreover, the research regarding the combined effect of the SCMs and fiber needs to cover the sensitivity of these constituents individually, according to statistical analysis. Hence, the main purpose of this research is to deal with the influence of incorporating NF and GGBS on the mechanical properties of concrete where recycled concrete aggregate was used. Moreover, the sensitivity of the properties with the percentage of replacement of binder and volume fraction (Vf) of nylon fiber was assessed using the Gray correlation coefficient. Compressive strength was dropped by around 10% when recycled material was substituted for natural aggregate. In contrast, adding 0.1% nylon fiber and 10% cement replacement with GGBS increased the crushing strength by about 10.9% compared to the conventional mix. In Gray's analysis, flexural toughness ranked higher in correlation with the controlling factors. Considering the environmental sustainability and the synergetic effect of nylon fiber and GGBS on mechanical properties, recycled aggregate is employable in concrete compared with the conventional concrete of natural stone aggregate. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-07 Full Text: PDF
Assessment of Organic Carbon Stocks at Landscape Levels Using the InVEST Software Drygval, Polina; Drygval, Anna; Tabunshchik, Vladimir
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2025): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-018

Abstract

This study aims to calculate and assess organic carbon levels at various landscape levels of the Crimean Peninsula using the Carbon Storage and Sequestration model of the InVEST software. It outlines the stages of working with this model and highlights limitations such as the quality of input data, temporal coverage, and spatial resolution, which can significantly influence the results. Assessment of organic carbon stocks in soils, aboveground and belowground biomass, and vegetation types revealed that the highest carbon concentration was in the low-altitude landscape level of the southern macroslope. From 2017 to 2023, an annual decrease in organic carbon stocks of 0.062 t/ha was recorded, which is likely linked to climate change and shifts in land use. This research provides the first calculations of organic carbon content within the landscape levels of the Crimean Peninsula. As carbon is a significant greenhouse gas, its accumulation or emissions directly affect climate change. Evaluating organic carbon stocks in ecosystems enhances our understanding of their role in mitigating climate change and informing carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction strategies. These findings highlight the need to consider vegetation types and their changes when calculating organic carbon in landscapes and supporting regional environmental policy development. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-018 Full Text: PDF
Statistics on Small Networks in Construction Design Offices Jaramillo, Kleber; Castillo, Tito; Zarate, Andrea; Andrade, Alexis; Herrera, Rodrigo
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2025): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-02

Abstract

This study explores communication structures in construction design offices using social network analysis (SNA) to compare directed and undirected networks. The objective is to understand how these network types influence hierarchy, information flow, and collaboration within small design teams. Data were collected from nine construction design offices, constructing both directed and undirected networks based on survey responses. Various graph theory metrics, including clustering coefficient, network diameter, centrality, and connectivity, were analyzed to assess communication efficiency. The results show that directed networks emphasize hierarchical structures with limited reciprocal exchanges, while undirected networks confirm mutual interactions, fostering collaboration. Despite variations in size, most networks exhibit small-world properties, indicating that key individuals act as bridges, ensuring effective communication. These findings highlight that network structure, rather than size, plays a crucial role in team coordination. This study contributes to Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) research by providing insights into optimizing team dynamics, balancing hierarchical control with flexible collaboration, and improving project management strategies. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-02 Full Text: PDF
Fuzzy Bayesian Belief Networks Method on Risk Assessment of EPC Pipeline Project Yusuf, Muhammad; Latief, Yusuf; Rarasati, Ayomi Dita; Trigunarsyah, Bambang; Laksono, Naufal Budi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2025): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-013

Abstract

Subsea gas pipeline projects are experiencing significant technical and managerial challenges across Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) phases. To address the challenges, effective risk management in the early project phases is essential to mitigating cascading failures that cause significant schedule delay and cost overrun. Therefore, this study aimed to apply the Fuzzy Bayesian Belief Networks (FBBNs) method to model risk assessment during EPC phases. The findings showed that FBBNs made it possible for a new way to evaluate risks, find interdependencies, and guess what would happen next, which created a strong framework for reducing risk. Based on probabilistic analysis as supported by expert elicitation, risks from the early phase of engineering and procurement showed high probabilities of occurrence, including Incompetent Personnel, Project Mismanagement, Unsupportive Stakeholder, Corruption, and Design Inaccuracies. A significant impact was also observed on Construction Rework, Material Quantity Increase, Construction Delay, and Cost Overrun. The results showed the importance of addressing systemic issues early in the EPC project lifecycle, emphasizing personnel competency, design accuracy, strategic and project management planning, procurement management, stakeholder management, and constructability preparation to reduce vulnerabilities. This integrated method aimed to enhance accuracy predictions by determining causal risk probability relationships in high-risk offshore environments of EPC subsea gas pipeline projects. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-013 Full Text: PDF
Assessment of Mechanical Properties of Corroded Reinforcement in Chloride Environment Based on Corrosion Rate Monitoring Grandič, Davor; Grandič, Ivana Štimac; Šćulac, Paulo
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 10 No. 11 (2024): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-02

Abstract

Existing models for the evaluation of mechanical properties of corroded reinforcement, defined as a function of the mean cross-sectional loss or mass loss of the reinforcement, are not suitable in the case of chloride-induced corrosion, which causes irregular corrosion attack with pronounced localized damage”pits, whose geometry and spacing have a major influence on the mechanical properties of the reinforcement. Models that consider the irregularity of damage due to chloride corrosion are efficient, but as with models based on cross-sectional or mass loss, it is necessary to extract corroded rebars from the reinforced-concrete structure, which is a destructive procedure that can only be performed to a limited extent on an in-service building. To fill the above gaps, a new method based on the non-destructive measurement of corrosion parameters is proposed. The corrosion depth determined from the monitoring correlates directly with the remaining mechanical properties of the reinforcement; therefore, it is not necessary to determine the remaining cross-sectional area and geometry of the pits. The proposed models are based on experimental research on reinforced-concrete beam specimens subjected simultaneously to sustained loading and accelerated chloride corrosion in an environmental chamber in order to induce corrosion similar to that on real structures. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-02 Full Text: PDF
IRI Performance Models for Flexible, Semi-Rigid and Composite Pavements in Double-Carriageway Roads Gurrutxaga, Itziar; Alonso-Solórzano, Ángela; Isasa, Miren; Pérez-Acebo, Heriberto
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 5 (2025): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-05-01

Abstract

Pavement Management Systems (PMS) depend upon reliable pavement performance models. In this paper, our aim is to develop International Roughness Index (IRI) prediction models for the heavily trafficked (right-hand) lanes of motorways in the province of Gipuzkoa (Spain) in flexible, semi-rigid, and composite pavements. A deterministic approach was selected, based on the available information in the PMS employed in that province, covering complete pavement structures. Omitting pavement type, the model yielded a determination coefficient (R²) of 0.696 with only three variables: pavement age, cumulative volume of heavy vehicles travelling through the section, and total thickness of bituminous layers. Then, two superior models were generated with pavement type as a variable, yielding R²values of 0.781 and 0.795, respectively. Unlike the opaque features of Machine Learning (ML), the deterministic models captured precise relationships between the variables to a high degree of accuracy. They can moreover be applied to all pavements with bituminous layers, unlike many other models that are only applicable to a single pavement type. Furthermore, the models are presented for freeways where traffic is randomly distributed between lanes; a less widely covered topic in the literature. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-05-01 Full Text: PDF
Influence of Shear Strain on the Deflection of Girders Lazarevič, Antonia J.; Mališ, Tanja; Šamec, Elizabeta; Jerečić, Elizabeta
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 10 No. 5 (2024): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-05-04

Abstract

Numerical calculations are a standard part of modern structural design. Engineers remain particularly interested in real problems where analytical and numerical solutions can be compared with experimental results. Such cases are typical examples of benchmarks because they are used to verify the assumptions introduced. This study shows in detail how shear stresses affect the deflection of a relatively short and high cantilever when the span-to-height ratio of the cross-section is less than five. Such models are frequently used in the design of cantilevers that support heavily loaded beams, for example in the cement industry (e.g., often as structural elements for a heat exchanger system) or for the assessment of short cantilever limit states that appear during excavation in rock sediments. The models are also suitable for designing the various details and joints in the industry of prefabricated elements. This work analyzes in depth the analytical solutions for the displacement field of the linear elastic plane stress theory with two displacement boundary conditions. Also, the solutions were compared with the beam, two-, and three-dimensional numerical models using SAP2000. The results highlight the fundamental principles and solutions behind plane stress and beam theories, with an insight into the advantages and limitations of such models. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-05-04 Full Text: PDF
Influence of Resistance Spot Welding Parameters on Cold-Formed Steel Properties and Failure Modes Hulka, Iosif; Ungureanu, Viorel; Both, Ioan; Petzek, Edward; Radu, Bogdan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 6 (2025): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-06-01

Abstract

Lightweight steel structural systems such as built-up beams and trusses are efficient and easy to handle, but the joining technique between thin-walled cold-formed steel elements requires improved solutions. Conventional welding technologies are not suitable for connecting thin sheets due to several inconveniences. The study presents a novel technological approach to connect lightweight steel beams made of corrugated galvanised sheets for webs and back-to-back lipped channel profiles for flanges connected by spot welding, as resistance spot welding (RSW) is widely used in various industrial sectors, such as automotive. This study investigates the influence of RSW parameters on the microstructural properties of spot-welded low-carbon galvanised steel sheets, as well as on their mechanical properties. Two grades of base material were used with thicknesses in the range of 0.8 - 2 mm. RSW joints were manufactured using an automated welding source, and their microstructural characteristics were evaluated by optical and electron microscopy to emphasise the importance of using optimal welding regimes to reduce weld failure. Mechanical properties were evaluated using Vickers microhardness measurements and nanoindentation. Tensile tests were carried out to assess the force-displacement curves and identify the failure mode. The results of the study show that RSW is a promising method for fabricating lightweight steel structural systems when the current, time, and interelectrode forces of RSW are carefully selected.

Page 168 of 185 | Total Record : 1848

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