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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,848 Documents
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Effect of Waste Tire Rubber Particles on the Properties of Rubberized Concrete Hasan, Abu; Ahmed, Shameem; Ahsan, Raquib
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 8 (2025): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-08-021

Abstract

Millions of waste tires accumulate annually worldwide, posing environmental and public health challenges. Recycling these tires in concrete production presents a sustainable and practical solution. The present study was intended to investigate the effects of waste tire particles of varying sizes and shapes; specifically granular, short fiber, and mixed fine crumb rubber, along with coarse shredded rubber; on the characteristics of rubberized concrete. Fine rubber particles replaced sand, while shredded rubber replaced stone aggregates at 5%, 10%, and 15% substitution levels by weight. Results revealed that increasing rubber content reduced density, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and tensile strength. However, workability, Poisson’s ratio, ductility, and toughness improved significantly in comparison with conventional concrete. This study compares the effects of particle size and shape of rubber used in rubberized concrete. Notably, the newly introduced short fiber-type rubber particles exhibited superior mechanical properties compared to the granular and shredded rubber forms, revealing their potential for structural applications.
Effect of Infill Wall Opening Ratio on the Mechanical Characteristics of Reinforced Concrete Frames Pham, Phu-Anh-Huy; Le, Cao-Vinh; Nguyen, Van-Tien
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 8 (2025): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-08-020

Abstract

This study investigated the influence of infill wall (IW) opening ratios on the mechanical performance of reinforced concrete (RC) frames using a novel numerical model. The proposed model incorporated stiffness degradation and a nonlinear "Gap Element" to simulate the interaction between RC frames and IWs under seismic loading. A 3D finite element model was developed in SAP2000 and calibrated using validated experimental data. Parameters such as IW thickness, opening ratio (0–100%), and opening position (symmetric, asymmetric, corner) were systematically varied to assess their effects on lateral displacement , fundamental period , shear force , and bending moment . The results indicated that increasing the opening ratio significantly reduces frame stiffness, especially beyond 40%, and leads to substantial increases in displacement. Corner openings were found to have the most detrimental impact, while thicker walls (≥220mm) can partially mitigate stiffness loss. However, at ratios above 60%, even thick IWs failed to preserve structural performance. Based on these findings, a limit of 40% opening ratio was recommended for design purposes, and reinforcement was advised for higher ratios. The study provides a practical framework for optimizing the seismic and structural design of RC frames with openings in IWs, contributing new thresholds and modeling strategies for improved performance.
Tracking Process and Benefit-Ability of Reflection Spectrum of TQM in Construction Industry Hazem, Ryad T.; Hadi, Ali Hasan; Zamim, Salah Kh.; Chassib, Samir M.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 8 (2025): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-08-012

Abstract

Total Quality Management is an important journey in developing the construction industries. Construction firms are working to achieve the aspirations of clients in terms of quality systems, and through adopting a total quality management tracking system, it contributes significantly to achieving the objectives of projects and aspirations of clients too. The primary objective of this research paper is to develop a tracking process for total quality management by identifying restrictions and a model of required actions to overcome these restrictions to ensure the successful implementation of TQM as a basic system in the construction industry. Therefore, the research is divided into two phases. The first phase included identifying and analyzing restrictions by using a questionnaire to survey 102 expert engineers in the construction industry and quality laboratories. The second phase involved developing the main hypothesis and analyzing required actions through analysis using the assumption of Kruskal-Wallis. The opinions of three groups of experts were also relied upon to complete this tracking phase. To evolve a tracking system that includes the actions that are coded in this research paper under (A-TQM). The proposed patch model carries the symbol (MPP) for tracking TQM and has been presented. The MPP consists of three figures that indicate the wheel of TQM, tracking of the required scope of TQM, and packages of scope to meet with TQM pillars.
Influence of Blast Furnace Slag on Concrete: Mechanical Strength and Microstructural Characterization Yurihuaman, Edgar; Cordova, Gonzalo; Benavente, Christhian; Romero, Anjhinson
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 8 (2025): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-08-01

Abstract

This study aims to quantitatively assess the effect of granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as a partial replacement for Portland cement on the mechanical and microstructural performance of concrete with a design compressive strength of 280 kg/cm². A comprehensive experimental program was conducted to evaluate compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity at curing ages of 7, 14, and 28 days, in accordance with ASTM standards. Microstructural characterization included Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The results demonstrated that incorporating GGBFS, particularly at 16% and 20% replacement levels, led to significant improvements in compressive strength and stiffness at 28 days, while early-age tensile strength reductions were mitigated over time due to the latent pozzolanic activity of the slag. Microstructural analyses revealed a denser cementitious matrix, enhanced chemical stability, and the formation of new crystalline phases. Statistical analyses (ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis) confirmed significant effects on flexural strength and elastic modulus. These findings underscore the potential of GGBFS to improve concrete performance and promote sustainability by valorizing industrial by-products and reducing CO₂ emissions. This work provides a robust experimental and analytical basis for optimizing GGBFS incorporation in durable, performance-enhanced concretes.
Optimal Placement of Vibration Control Systems in a Smart Civil Engineering Structure Chitaoui, Houssameddine; Megnounif, Abdellatif; Benadla, Zahira
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 8 (2025): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-08-022

Abstract

Advancements in construction technologies have led to the development of lighter and more flexible structures, which pose new challenges in terms of seismic resistance. This study explores the effectiveness of integrating an Active Tendon (AT) control system to mitigate seismic-induced vibrations in tall buildings. The main objective is to identify the optimal placement of these active control devices to maximize structural performance. To this end, three optimization approaches are investigated: modal controllability analysis, controllability index evaluation, and genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimization. The methodological approach is based on the development of a comprehensive flowchart that integrates the optimization procedures alongside a comparative assessment of passive and active control strategies. Detailed simulations were carried out in MATLAB, enabling accurate time-history analyses and the implementation of customized control algorithms. This framework enables extensive parametric studies and supports a rigorous assessment of control system performance. The results clearly show that optimal tendon placement leads to a substantial improvement in vibration mitigation compared to uncontrolled cases. Comparative analyses underscore the respective strengths and applicability domains of each optimization method, confirming their effectiveness in identifying optimal actuator locations. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of modal and evolutionary optimization techniques within a unified framework, offering a systematic and versatile approach to the placement of control systems in civil engineering structures. The practical recommendations derived from this study provide valuable guidance for engineers and designers seeking to improve structural performance under seismic loading.
Evaluation of Using Slag Powder as a Filler for Asphalt Concrete Hussein, Zainab M.; Mohamedmeki, Mohammed Z.; Al-Mumaiz, Maha
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 8 (2025): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-08-018

Abstract

Filler materials have a significant effect on the performance of asphalt concrete by filling the voids and modifying the binder viscosity. Many types of filler have been used; the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is the most used due to its properties, which align with the required properties. The cost, production emissions, and drain for natural resources formed negative points of its usage. Accordingly, this study is dedicated to evaluating the asphalt concrete properties using byproduct material as a mineral filler. The Electric Arc Furnace Slag Powder (EAFSP) has been selected to replace the OPC with ratios from zero to 100% with an increment of 25%. Marshall and Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) results in different testing conditions were employed to evaluate the use of EAFSP. The results revealed that using EAFSP as a filler material improved asphalt concrete strength and resistance to moisture effects, especially at high temperatures. More binder content was needed, about 0.6%, the voids in the total mix were reduced by about 1%, and the stiffness increased by about 0.5 kn/mm when replacing the OPC with EAFSP. Based on that, it's recommended that the replacement ratio should be proposed according to the weather condition, materials availability, and cost-benefit analysis.
Sustainable Utilization of Recycled Concrete Powder as Sand Replacement in Cement Mortar Production: Impact of Sand-Cement Ratio Irshidat, Mohammad R.; Kailani, Hashem Y.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 8 (2025): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-08-016

Abstract

The construction industry is becoming more interested in recycled concrete sand obtained from concrete waste due to the urgent need for environmentally friendly building materials. This research investigates the mechanical along durability properties of cement mortars made of recycled concrete sand as a full replacement of natural sand. With a fixed water-to-cement ratio of 0.48, five values of sand-to-cement ratio, including 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, and 2.75, were used to prepare different mortar mixes to investigate its effect on the behavior of the mortar. Results indicate a decline in workability with an increasing sand-to-cement ratio, with flow values ranging from 137% at a sand-to-cement ratio of 0.5 to 58% at a sand-to-cement ratio of 2.75. The highest compressive strength of 40.3 MPa was observed in the mix with a sand-to-cement ratio of 0.5 at 28 days, while the mix with a sand-to-cement ratio of 2.75 exhibited the lowest strength at 29.8 MPa, attributed to higher internal porosity. The mix of sand to cement of 1.5 demonstrated a balanced performance, achieving a compressive strength of 29.8 MPa and a flow value of 110 ± 5%, making it suitable for practical applications. Water absorption increased with higher sand-to-cement ratios, consistent with increased void content. Microstructural analysis revealed the presence of residual cementitious phases such as belite and calcium hydroxide in recycled concrete sand, contributing to secondary hydration and influencing durability characteristics. Although mortars containing natural sand outperformed recycled concrete sand-based mixtures in strength and workability, recycled concrete sand mortars met the required performance criteria for building, plastering, and non-structural applications. This study supports the viability of recycled concrete sand as a sustainable alternative to natural sand, contributing to resource conservation and waste reduction in the construction industry.
Improving the Performance of Shallow Footing Subjected to Uplift Loading Using Structural Skirt Al-Zubaidi, Aqeel J.; Al-Saidi, A’amal A. H.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 8 (2025): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-08-08

Abstract

The increasing demand for internet and phone services had required the construction of transmission towers in various terrains, including loose sand, which was often found in desert areas and exposed to wind loads that can pull out these towers. This study aims to improve the uplift resistance of shallow footings subjected to pure uplift forces. In this research, a loading system with a data logger, a shallow footing model, and skirts with different shapes, lengths, and inclination angles was used. The performance and behavior of unskirted footing resting on loose sand with 30% relative density were analyzed and compared with skirted footing under uplift loads. The results showed that increasing the L/B (where L is the footing length and B is the footing width) up to 2 and the inclination angles up to 45° of the skirt gave a significant increase in uplift resistance for skirts with straight corners by 26 times and 19 times for chamfered corners, compared with unskirted footing. It is noted that increasing L/B has less effect than increasing inclination angles by recording 6 times with L=2B and 0°. Skirt footing with straight corners demonstrates better performance than chamfered corners.
Damage Evolution and Failure Mechanism of Segmental Tunnel Lining Yu, Yang; Wang, Jinchang; Hu, Xinzan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 8 (2025): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-08-03

Abstract

The prevention and treatment of damage in segmental tunnel lining structures are critical issues in maintaining tunnel integrity. Understanding the damage evolution and failure mechanisms of these structures is essential for their effective management. This study establishes refined numerical models for shield tunnel segmental linings, incorporating critical factors such as localized weakening around hand holes, multi-interface contact behavior, and embedded reinforcement. A total strain crack model is employed to accurately simulate the nonlinear behavior of concrete. The analysis focuses on the compression-bending failure behavior of segmental joints under positive bending moments and investigates the failure mechanisms of segmental linings subjected to surcharge loading. The results show that the deformation of segmental joints under bending moments can be divided into three stages: linear elasticity, elastoplasticity, and failure. The failure mechanism involves the progressive expansion and penetration of cracks in the core pressure-bearing area, leading to increased crack width, yielding of bolts and rebars, and eventual failure. The overall instability failure of segmental tunnel linings is caused by local failures in areas of low stiffness (joints, hand holes), exhibiting progressive failure characteristics. This study presents significant originality and practical value. A refined analytical model of shield tunnel structures is developed to capture the millimeter-scale cracking characteristics of segmental concrete linings. The model enables precise analysis of the mechanical response of shield tunnels under external construction-induced loading.
Inelastic Response of Fixed and Flexible Foundation of Structure Under Seismic Excitations Generated Deterministically Pranowo; Pawirodikromo, Widodo; Makrup, Lalu; Muntafi, Yunalia
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 8 (2025): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-08-024

Abstract

Researchers performed inelastic dynamic analysis on simulated ground motion while accounting for foundation flexibility in the specific area of Yogyakarta. The closest fault source to the building site is the Opak Fault, situated 2.1 kilometers from the structure. The closeness to the fault source, which suggests an exceedingly high earthquake magnitude, prompted the use of deterministic analysis. Deterministic analysis used five Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs): Campbell-Bozorgnia (2006), Sadigh et al. (1997), Ciao-Youngs (2008), Zhao et al. (2006), and Kanno et al. (2006), while the flexibility of the foundation was evaluated using the formula proposed by Novak (1989). The analysis results show that the vibration period that occurs on the flexible support is 2.8 seconds, while on the fixed support it is 2.4 seconds. Deflections and drift ratios in structures with fixed support and high-frequency content are greater, but in beam curvature the results show the opposite, namely, low-frequency content produces larger curvature values. The damage index on the fixed support and high-frequency content is greater than the others. Not much research has looked into the results of inelastic response analysis that includes hysteretic loop outputs and damage indices, making this a new area of study.

Page 175 of 185 | Total Record : 1848

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