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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,848 Documents
 171   172   173   174   175 
Concrete Strength Evaluation Using Manufactured Sustainable Binary-Cement (SI): New Approach Case Study Al-Baghdadi, Hayder A.; Abbas, Zena K.; Abbood, Ahlam A.; Mahmood, Raghad S.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-019

Abstract

The production of sustainable binary cement represents an innovative approach in blended cement manufacturing, aligning with environmental objectives by reducing the reliance on ordinary Portland cement and supporting waste disposal efforts. This study explores the partial replacement of cement with high-fineness powders derived from crushed and ground clay brick (CB) and window glass (WG) waste materials, used at replacement levels of 5%, 10%, and 15%. These materials were processed using a storming machine to achieve the desired particle fineness and incorporated into the cement to create what is referred to as sustainable cement (SI). The resulting binary cement formulations were evaluated and found to comply with the setting time, compressive strength, and chemical specifications outlined in ASTM C595. To further assess their performance, the sustainable cements were tested in concrete mixtures designed for three compressive strength levels—2000 psi, 5000 psi, and 7000 psi—in accordance with ACI 211.1, representing low, medium, and high strength applications, respectively. Two groups of mix designs were developed: MSI-B5, MSI-B10, MSI-B15 (with CB powder replacing 5%, 10%, and 15% of cement), and MSI-G5, MSI-G10, MSI-G15 (with WG powder at the same replacement levels). The results demonstrated notable improvements in compressive strength at the low-strength level. Specifically, cumulative strength increases were recorded as 15.8%, 21.9%, and 13% for MSI-B5, MSI-B10, and MSI-B15, respectively, and 12.2%, 15.5%, and 8.1% for MSI-G5, MSI-G10, and MSI-G15, respectively, when compared to the reference mix. In addition to compressive strength, enhancements in flexural and splitting tensile strengths were also observed, exhibiting a strong correlation with compressive performance. These findings support the potential of sustainable binary cement—utilizing CB and WG powders—as a viable and environmentally friendly alternative in concrete production across varying strength classes.
Phosphate Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions Using Eggshell and Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) Mixture López-Bermúdez, Nury Lorena; Rodríguez-Torres, Andrea Catalina; Otálvaro-Álvarez, Ángela María; Peña-Guzmán, Carlos Andrés
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-016

Abstract

The use of bioadsorbents for the removal of pollutants is being increasingly investigated worldwide due to their high efficiency and the potential use of various natural sources. The present study introduces a novel approach for phosphate adsorption using sacha inchi cuticle and eggshell mixture. These materials were pyrolyzed (400°C for 20 min) and mixed in a 1:10 (eggshell:cuticle) ratio. An adsorption study was carried out using synthetic phosphate solution concentrations of 0–300 mg/L and adsorbent masses of 0.1–1 g/100 mL. The temperature, pH and stirring were kept constant (25°C, pH:5 and 150 rpm) during the tests. The phosphate adsorption capacity increased as higher phosphate concentrations were used, reaching a maximum of 300 mg/L. However, differences in removal were observed when varying the amount of adsorbent used, reaching equilibrium in approximately 1 h, with a percentage of phosphate removal between 31 and 41%. The adsorption process followed a Freundlich isotherm with a correlation coefficient of 0.97, suggesting a multilayer adsorption process. According to the SEM-EDX results confirmed a high concentration of carbon and oxygen in the sacha inchi cuticle, in that sense, this by-product could be evaluated for the removal of other contaminants from water.
LiDAR-Based Pothole Patching Quantity Estimation and Cost Saving Analysis Using Segmented TIN Model Khan, N. H. Riyaz; Kumar, S. Vasantha
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-021

Abstract

Potholes represent a significant form of road distress, and the conventional method for estimating the required repair material typically assumes a cuboidal shape for each pothole. This approximation often leads to an overestimation of pothole volume, resulting in excessive patching material and increased costs. To address this limitation, the present study introduces a LiDAR-based segmentation and digitization method. This approach utilizes only the point cloud data of potholes obtained via terrestrial laser scanning to generate accurate 3D surfaces, contours, and a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN), thereby enabling precise volume and patching quantity calculations. The findings revealed that the volume and patching quantity estimated using the traditional cuboidal method are two to four times greater than those calculated through the proposed LiDAR-based approach. This clearly demonstrates that the conventional method leads to unnecessary procurement of patching materials. Cost analysis further indicated that the LiDAR-based approach could result in savings of approximately INR 3,500 per pothole in India, $262 in the USA, and £150 in the UK. Given that millions of potholes are repaired annually in each country, adopting the proposed LiDAR-based method has the potential to yield substantial cost savings on a national scale.
Revolutionizing Self-Healing Asphalt: Optimized Encapsulated Rejuvenators for Enhanced Durability and Sustainability Al-Khafaji, Fatimah Fahem; Hashim, Tameem Mohammed
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-011

Abstract

In an era where sustainable infrastructure is crucial, self-healing asphalt emerges as a transformative solution to enhance pavement longevity and reduce maintenance costs, addressing the global challenge of deteriorating road networks. This study presents a pioneering investigation into the development and performance evaluation of encapsulated rejuvenators for self-healing asphalt, utilizing two distinct compositions; waste cooking oil (WCO) and Fischer-Tropsch bright stock oil (FTBSO), across three capsule sizes (1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm). Through the experimental tests on compressive strength, thermal stability, and rupture resistance under wet conditions, the ongoing study highlights the critical influence of capsule size and composition on the mechanical performance, as well as the resistance to degradation and oxidation under similar asphalt production conditions, including applied stresses and temperatures. The findings indicate the superior performance of 3 mm FTBSO-based encapsulated rejuvenators, which exhibit exceptional compressive strength (155 N), minimal weight loss (2% at 200° C after 1-hour short-term aging), and high rupture resistance (80 minutes to break under moisture at 100° C), making these capsules ideal for withstanding mechanical and thermal stresses, while ensuring effective crack repair. In addition, both 2 mm and 3 mm FTBSO- and WCO-based rejuvenator capsules demonstrated high resistance to compressive stresses, excellent thermal stability, and strong rupture resistance, making these capsules suitable for self-healing asphalt applications. In contrast, 1 mm WCO-based rejuvenator capsules exhibited the lowest compressive strength (32 N), the highest weight loss (10% after 1 hour of short-term aging at 200° C), and the fastest rupture under moisture (18 minutes to break at 100° C), making these capsules the least suitable for self-healing asphalt applications.
Experimental and Bearing Capacity Research on Prestressed Shape Memory Alloy Strips Confined Concrete Column Xu, Lidan; Mu, Guangtao; Zhao, Jitao; Zhu, Miaomiao; Chen, Ming; Yan, Yutong; Shi, Mingfang
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-01

Abstract

The prestressed shape memory alloy (SMA) strips confined columns are a novel reinforcement method, which not only exerts active confinement stress on the core concrete but also avoids the common stress hysteresis problem in reinforcement. This paper performed axial compression tests on eight sets of concrete columns with varying SMA strip width, net spacing, and pre-strain, and the impacts of these variables regarding the failure pattern, bearing capacity, and deformability of the specimens were investigated. A calculation model for the bearing capacity of SMA strips actively confined to concrete columns was established and contrasted with the prediction performance of the BP neural network. The results indicate that compared to the unconfined column, SMA strip-confined columns exhibit obvious ductile failure under compression, with the highest increase of bearing capacity and deformability reaching up to 20.27% and 24.96%, respectively. The confinement effect becomes better and better with the increasing strip width or the decreasing strip net spacing. When the strip pre-strain gradually increases, the bearing capacity of confined columns gradually improves, while the deformability first enhances and then weakens. The experimental data of other scholars is used to verify that the calculation results accord with the experimental results well, and the prediction precision of the proposed calculation model exceeds that of the BP neural network. Meanwhile, it is confirmed that the BP neural network exhibits a high fitting level in bearing capacity prediction (R2training=0.990 and R2test=0.965), offering a novel approach for predicting the bearing capacity of structures.
Prediction the Dynamic Modulus of Hot Asphalt Mix Using Genetic Algorithms and Neural Network Modeling Hanandeh, Shadi M.; Aneke, Frank I.; Alajlan, Zaid; Al khateeb, Shadi; Alkharabsheh, Ruba A.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-08

Abstract

The dynamic modulus is a fundamental characteristic of asphalt concrete and expresses the stiffness properties of a hot mix asphalt mixture as a function of temperature and loading rate. This study used artificial neural network modeling and genetic algorithms to evaluate the asphalt concrete dynamic modulus. The experimental database was collected from LTPP DATA that used in the ANN and genetic algorithm development and modeling. The output for the two models was the asphalt concrete dynamic modulus. Moreover, mathematical models were employed to predict the dynamic modulus of asphalt concrete with different parameters. Following the establishment of the model designs, the deficiencies and strengths of the proposed models are evaluated using determination coefficient (R2) values. The evaluation was performed by comparing the dynamic modulus of asphalt concrete predicted from four models with the dynamic modulus obtained from the experimental testing. Notably, the neural network models achieved precise calculations for models 1 and 2, with R2 values of 0.96 and 0.93, respectively. The genetic algorithm models achieved R2 values of 0.73 for model 1 and 0.64 for model 2. The two models, the genetic algorithm model and the artificial neural network model, contributed to the generation of two new empirical equations.
Enhancing Durability in Recycled Concrete: Investigating Chloride Permeability with Recycled Aggregates and Plastic Waste Jantarachot, Krissana; Prayongphan, Somchai; Yodsudjai, Wanchai; Thepjunthra, Wiphada; Trakolkul, Chokchai; Thongchart, Siranya
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-020

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of substituting fine aggregates with recycled plastic in recycled concrete, focusing on chloride penetration, compressive strength, workability, and porosity. Recycled plastic was incorporated at 10% (A10) and 20% (A20) by volume, and properties were evaluated across six mix designs. The control mix without plastic (Mix A) achieved the highest 28-day compressive strength (400 KSC), while A10 and A20 showed reduced strengths of 320 and 255 KSC, respectively. The addition of plastic increased mix porosity, resulting in reduced strength and workability due to diminished cement bonding and lubrication. Chloride ingress was assessed under cyclic wetting–drying exposure using a 3.5% NaCl solution. Results revealed progressive surface chloride accumulation over time. Notably, Mix A showed a 137.96% increase in chloride content at a 0–2 cm depth after 280 days, with Mix A20 exhibiting even higher surface concentrations. Chloride content consistently decreased beyond a 4 cm depth, indicating limited long-term penetration into inner layers. These findings highlight the importance of porosity control in mitigating chloride transport in recycled concrete. A clear relationship between plastic content, increased porosity, and enhanced chloride diffusion was observed. While 10% plastic substitution demonstrated acceptable performance, higher levels significantly compromised durability. The study recommends limiting plastic waste incorporation to 10% by volume and maintaining a concrete cover of at least 8–10 cm over reinforcement to enhance resistance against chloride-induced corrosion. These findings support the controlled reuse of plastic waste in sustainable concrete development, particularly for non-structural or low-exposure applications. Optimizing mix design and incorporating supplementary cementitious materials are suggested to improve long-term durability.
Modeling of Geomechanical Processes from Open Pit to Underground Mining with Complex Morphology Bekbergenov, Dossanbay; Jangulova, Gulnar; Zeinullin, Abdikarim; Zhanakova, Raissa; Shagirova, Karlygash; Atalykova, Nazym; Kurmanbayev, Olzhas
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-07-013

Abstract

The relevance of this study is the need to optimize the transition from open-pit to underground mining in mines with complex deposit morphologies, such as the Akzhal Mine. This is essential to ensure the safety of mining operations and to prevent adverse manifestations of rock pressure and mass cave-ins when changing the type of mining. This study aimed to develop a geomechanical basis for selecting an optimal mining system for the transition from open-pit to underground mining. Particular attention is paid to rock mass stability and its behavior during mining operations, which makes it possible to optimize the parameters of the mining system by considering the characteristics of a mine with a complex deposit morphology. This study used methods to assess the strength of the rock mass, including the concept of the geological structure of the natural environment, the methodology of determining the structural weakening coefficient, and the determination of the rock mass deformation modulus using the fracturing ratio and stability of the rock mass coefficient with an analytical functional relationship of geo-structural factors. The study results made it possible to systematize the rock mass by stability categories and proposed recommendations for the safe operation of deposits during the transition to underground mining, on the choice of mining system, and on the design of its elements. The novelty of this study lies in an integrated approach for predicting the behavior of rock mass and selecting the optimal mining system, which makes it possible to improve the safety and efficiency of production under difficult geological conditions.
Stability Analysis of Dike Pond Due to Pore-Water Pressure Changes Agung, P. A. Maha; Hasan, Muhammad Fathur Rouf; Yatmadi, Denny; Susilo, Adi; Sutikno; Osa, Dominggus Benyamin; Adinegara, Aldo W.; Razi, Mohd Adib Mohammad; Ahmad, Mustaffa A.; Zainorabidin, Adnan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 8 (2025): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-08-017

Abstract

The Brigif retention pond not only serves to temporarily store rainwater for groundwater reserving but also reduces the risk of flooding in the Southern Jakarta area. Research was purposed to study two critical conditions of a dike made from clayey material from before to after water impounding stages correlating with its stability. The research will investigate pore-water pressure (u) parameter changes at any stage in both conditions. The parameter of (u) can be predicted (upre) using the laboratory consolidation or oedometer test and measured (uact) completely with hydrostatic pressure (u0) directly in the field. Actual measurements using a piezometer were also conducted on the body of the dike. The prediction analysis used the self-developed program and conventional geotechnical software. The critical peak depth of (u) was found at 3.0 to 4.0 m. The actual settlement potential values reached -0.10 to -1.42 m and matched the prediction result. Safety factor (SF) was around 2.0 to 4.0, or in stable condition. Research results found that the magnitude parameter of (u) could be influenced by groundwater flow and porosity or void ratio fluctuations. The consolidation process also would affect the physical soil pore, contributing to the change of (SF) the dike pond.
Natural Frequency of Liquefaction Potential Based on Soil Investigation and Microtremor Observation Results Putra, Rusnardi Rahmat; Kiyono, Junji; Zhang, Zhenghu; Vanapalli, Sai; Agung, M. Darma
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 11 No. 8 (2025): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-08-02

Abstract

This study aims to identify the natural frequency threshold for liquefaction potential by comparing four assessment methods at 54 identical sites in Padang, Indonesia. Methods include: (1) safety factor calculations from soil investigation results (CPT and SPT) applying the 2009 Padang earthquake's peak ground acceleration as input for cycling stress ratio; (2) natural frequency measurements at the surface using microtremor single observations; (3) liquefaction potential assessment through vulnerability index; and (4) analysis of historical liquefaction events from the September 30, 2009 Padang earthquake documented in two previous research papers. The analysis focused on soil depths ranging from 1-4 m. Findings reveal that sites with natural frequencies exceeding 0.40 Hertz remain safe from liquefaction, while sites with frequencies between 0.20-0.39 Hertz demonstrate significant liquefaction potential. This research contributes to the field by establishing a clear correlation between measurable natural frequency thresholds and liquefaction risk, providing engineers and urban planners with a more accessible parameter for preliminary risk assessment. Integrating multiple assessment methods at identical sites enhances the reliability of the identified frequency thresholds, offering a more comprehensive approach to liquefaction hazard mitigation in earthquake-prone regions.

Page 173 of 185 | Total Record : 1848

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