cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
-
Contact Email
-
Phone
-
Journal Mail Official
-
Editorial Address
-
Location
,
INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,972 Documents
 194   195   196   197   198 
Evaluation of Double-Vacuum Saturation in Triaxial Testing of Compacted Clay: A Comparison with Back-Pressure Methods Muhammad Riza; H. Nawir; E. Rismantojo; Fourier D. E. Latief
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 5 (2026): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-05-04

Abstract

Achieving full saturation in consolidated triaxial testing is challenging, especially for compacted and residual soils with low water content and complex microstructures. Conventional back-pressure saturation can cause disturbance and leaching, leading to unreliable results. This study evaluates the double-vacuum (DV) method to reduce sample disturbance and better preserve microstructure during testing of compacted kaolin clay. Two methods—back pressure (NV) and double-vacuum (DV)—were compared using the consolidated undrained triaxial test and micro-CT imaging. The DV method reached a Skempton B-value ≥ 0.95 at lower pressure (150-200 kPa) in 8 hours, while NV needed up to 450 kPa and 50 hours. The DV approach halved axial and radial deformation and resulted in lower changes in void ratio (De/e0 ≈ 0.055), indicating improved sample integrity. Micro-CT showed a more uniform pore distribution and lower residual porosity (0.43%) versus NV (1.04%). These results suggest the DV method is a more reliable, less intrusive way to prepare fine-grained soils for triaxial testing, with significant implications for geotechnical labs, especially where high-pressure systems are limited.
Anchorage Performance of Headed Reinforcement Bar Embedded in Roof Exterior Beam-Column Joints Zev Al Jauhari; Tomoya Matsui
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 5 (2026): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-05-02

Abstract

The anchorage behavior of headed reinforcement bars embedded in roof exterior beam–column joints is influenced by the presence and configuration of supplementary reinforcement bars. This study aims to develop an improved predictive formulation for anchorage capacity by introducing a modification factor that accounts for the effect of supplementary bars through a combined numerical and analytical approach. A three-dimensional nonlinear FE model was developed and validated against previously reported pullout test results for load–displacement response, crack propagation, reinforcement strain behavior, and stress distribution. The numerical results showed agreement with experimental observations and accurately captured the failure modes. To further interpret the internal force mechanism, a three-dimensional strut-and-tie model (STM) was formulated based on principal stress trajectories obtained from FE analysis. The proposed STM successfully predicted the anchorage capacity, consistent with the experimental results. Parametric studies revealed that increasing the supplementary bar ratio significantly enhances pullout capacity by enlarging the compression strut area and improving confinement within the joint region. Based on regression analysis of the STM results, a new coefficient was introduced to refine the modified Kubota and Murakami empirical formula, incorporating the effect of supplementary bar ratio. The revised formulation provides improved prediction accuracy with low statistical dispersion.
Investigating the Effect of Trivalent Chromium Cr(III) Contamination on Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil Ali H. Bhatti; Mohammad J. Qadeer; Salman A. Suhail; Usman Pervaiz; Muhammad Qasim; Imtiaz Afzal Khan; Eui-Jong Lee; Sungju Lm; Kang Hoon Lee
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 5 (2026): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-05-019

Abstract

Industrial wastes in the form of chromium, generated by leather industries, commonly contaminate soil, affecting its geotechnical properties. The present study examines the impact of trivalent chromium Cr(III) on the soil’s mechanical, physiochemical, and microstructural properties. The soil and Cr(III) were collected from an industrial area in Sheikhupura, Pakistan, and are mixed in various proportions ranging from 0% to 50% by weight to simulate various contamination levels. A detailed experimental program that included index and strength testing, in addition to physiochemical analysis, was carried out. Modifications in microstructure and mineralogical composition were also examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The results showed an increase in the soil strength characteristics, with maximum dry density (MDD) and cohesion enhanced up to 15% and 12%, respectively, with an addition of Cr(III) up to 20% contamination concentration. Notable reduction in the soil pH was also observed, indicating the acidic impact of Cr(III). Microstructural examination affirmed significant mineralogical rearrangement, with quartz remaining the dominant mineral. The results provided useful insights into the geotechnical implications of Cr(III) contamination in clayey soils and will contribute to improved assessment of the soil behavior in industrially contaminated zones.
Rockfall Dynamics During Volcanic Eruptive Phases: A Statistical Assessment Jelena Koritnik; Juan C. Santamarta; Noelia Cruz-Pérez; Matej Horvat; Luis E. Hernández-Gutiérrez; Rafael García Martín; Sergio Leyva
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 5 (2026): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-05-014

Abstract

The Canary Islands, a volcanic archipelago off the northwest coast of Africa, are frequently exposed to geohazards. The 2021 Tajogaite eruption on La Palma provided an opportunity to assess how volcanic activity and related seismicity influence rockfall dynamics. This study statistically analyzed a dataset of 1,111 road-related rockfall incidents recorded between 2019 and 2024, comparing event occurrence, severity, and lithological distribution across pre-, syn-, and post-eruption periods. Events were classified based on operational descriptors, and linked to geological units to evaluate lithological controls. While the total number of events remained nearly identical before (519) and after (517) the eruption, the normalized rate of rockfall occurrence increased during the eruptive phase. Lithological distributions also differed across periods: altered basalts consistently recorded the highest number of incidents; pyroclasts and colluvium increased syn-eruption likely due to seismic shaking; and fresh basalts declined post-eruption, suggesting prior mobilization of unstable material. This study provides empirical insight into how eruptive processes influence infrastructure-related rockfall hazards on volcanic islands characterized by steep topography and narrow, low-redundancy mountain road networks. Nevertheless, rockfalls also occurred consistently during non-eruptive periods, highlighting the need for continuous slope hazard monitoring in environments such as La Palma where both eruptive and non-eruptive processes threaten exposed infrastructure, population, and high tourist activity.
Pullout Capacity of Small-Scale Jack-Like Ground Anchor in Sand with Various Relative Density Dian Eksana Wibowo; Yusep Muslih Purwana; Bambang Setiawan; Galuh Chrismaningwang
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 5 (2026): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-05-018

Abstract

The pullout behavior of ground anchors in sand is governed by inter-particle friction and mechanical interlocking; however, conventional designs often fail to fully mobilize the surrounding failure zone, resulting in limited uplift capacity. To address this limitation, a jack-like ground anchor was developed, incorporating mechanically expandable wings to increase the soil–anchor contact area and enhance shear resistance. Laboratory pullout tests were conducted in a cylindrical steel tank to investigate the influence of relative density (Dr = 27%, 50%, 80%), embedment depth (H = 0.50–1.00 m), and wing opening angle (0°–75°) on the anchor’s performance. Test results interpreted using the Mazurkiewicz method revealed that increasing wing expansion and soil density substantially improved pullout resistance. In medium-dense sand, capacity increased by up to 250%, and in dense sand, up to 220%, depending on embedment depth. At the deepest embedment and densest condition, capacity increased from 6 kN (closed) to 16 kN (fully opened). These findings confirm that integrating geometric adaptability with soil density optimization significantly enhances uplift efficiency, providing a novel and practical solution for improving anchor performance in granular soils.
Characteristics of Liquefaction in Embankment Models Reinforced with Hybrid Piles Muhammad Yunus; Achmad B. Muhiddin; Tri Harianto; Ardy Arsyad
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 5 (2026): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-05-024

Abstract

Liquefaction of saturated loose sand poses a serious threat to the stability of embankments subjected to seismic loading. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an innovative and environmentally friendly liquefaction mitigation technique using hybrid piles (HPs) that combine structural stiffness and vertical drainage functions. A series of 1-g shaking table tests was conducted on embankment models constructed over saturated sand with an initial relative density of 40%. The models were subjected to repeated sinusoidal seismic excitations with peak ground accelerations (PGA) ranging from 0.3 g to 0.5 g. The performance of the HPs system was assessed by analyzing cone penetration resistance, acceleration response, excess pore water pressure ratio, changes in relative density and void ratio, and surface settlement. The experimental results demonstrate that the HPs system significantly enhances soil densification and stiffness, as indicated by a 1.3–3.0-fold increase in penetration resistance and a relative density increase of up to 7–10% in deeper layers. The HPs system reduced the maximum excess pore water pressure ratio by up to 16.26%, thereby delaying liquefaction onset and enhancing pore pressure dissipation under repeated seismic loading. In addition, settlement was reduced by approximately 37–42% compared with the unreinforced model across all PGA levels. The novelty of this study lies in the integrated use of locally sourced timber and prefabricated vertical drains within a single reinforcement element, providing combined mechanical reinforcement and drainage enhancement. These findings confirm that HPs offer a sustainable and effective solution for mitigating liquefaction and controlling deformation in embankment foundations under seismic conditions.
Residential Building Resilience Model Against Seismic Disaster with Fuzzy Logic–Fragility Analysis Approach Setiono; Senot Sangadji; Stefanus A. Kristiawan; Nur Miladan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 5 (2026): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-05-015

Abstract

Residential buildings are part of the urban physical infrastructure most affected by a seismic disaster. The resilience (R) of residential buildings should be evaluated for disaster mitigation before, during, and after disasters to minimize potential damage. This study proposed an R evaluation model for residential buildings that combined a fragility analysis and a fuzzy logic approach. The developed model combined the functionality (q) and recovery time (t) to obtain the R index. A fragility analysis was used to calculate the q of residential buildings, where the t was normalized to the longest possible t (0–1) for input into the fuzzy inference process, which depended on government decisions and other factors, including the available budget and other conditions. Resilience (R) was computed using a fuzzy logic (FL) approach with the Tsukamoto inference system. The research resulted in a model for evaluating the R of residential buildings for seismic disasters. The value of the research lies in the conversion of probabilistic damage decisions into fuzzy representations of post-earthquake q and t, so that both variables can be coupled within a single decision-focused model. The model was applied to simulate the R of residential buildings in Surakarta City during an earthquake. One- and two-story buildings accounted for more than 98% of the residential building data. The R for residential buildings under the applied scenario for a spectral acceleration (Sa) of 0.16 g was quantified at 52.47%, indicating a condition of moderate resilience. The developed model can help the government to evaluate the R of residential buildings and can be adjusted for other components of urban infrastructure, such as transportation, electricity, and telecommunication networks.
Calculation of Active Earth Pressure in Cohesive Soils Based on Slope Stability Shi-Wei Wu; Tao Yang; De-Pei Zhou; Han-Qing Teng; Zhe Zhang
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 5 (2026): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-05-010

Abstract

Extensive engineering experience has shown that the stability of cohesive soil slopes behind retaining walls has a significant impact on earth pressure. This manuscript investigates the influence of the stability of a cohesive soil slope behind a retaining wall on earth pressure. To elucidate the patterns of how slope stability affects earth pressure, first, an analysis of the interaction mechanism between the wall and the slope was carried out to clarify the mechanical behavior of clay soil pressure. Secondly, based on the assumption of plane slip damage and limit equilibrium condition, the active earth pressure calculation equation for cohesive soil considering slope stability was proposed. Thirdly, based on the proposed equation, this manuscript analyzed the influence of various slope parameters on earth pressure and proposed a method for determining the most dangerous slip surface and inclination angle of a slope. Finally, the validity of this equation was verified through a large number of arithmetic examples. These results can be conveniently and easily applied to the calculation of earth pressures in slopes with clayey and sandy soil and also provide a new approach and reference for gaining a deeper understanding of the complex mechanical behavior of earth pressure in cohesive soils.
Damage-Aid Alignment and Reconstruction Pace Diagnostics for Post-Earthquake Recovery Evrim Oyguc; Resat Oyguc
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 5 (2026): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-05-022

Abstract

Post-earthquake reconstruction raises two governance questions that are rarely addressed jointly. Whether affected provinces receive allocations proportional to measured damage, and whether physical delivery keeps pace with official plans, remain open in the empirical literature. This study addresses both the 2023 Kahramanmaraş sequence, which affected eleven Turkish provinces and generated recovery needs of approximately USD 103.6 billion. Two rule-based diagnostics are specified, the Damage–Aid Alignment index, which combines Spearman rank correlation with Theil T divergence, and the Reconstruction Pace Index, a monthly delivery-to-plan rate governed by a pre-specified run rule. Both diagnostics operate on an author-compiled corpus of 15,928 building-level records aggregated to a province–month panel spanning March 2023 to August 2024 and cross-checked against independent remote-sensing products. A two-way fixed-effects panel regression complements the analysis. Alignment with need is strong, with a Spearman correlation of 0.836 and a Theil T of 0.087, though Hatay is over-allocated by 10.4 percentage points and Adıyaman is under-allocated by 6.0. Persistent pace shortfalls in three provinces are clear within two months and reflect mobilization frictions rather than systemic failure. The framework provides a low-friction, auditable pathway to routine post-disaster performance monitoring.
Factors and Kinetics of Fat, Oil and Grease Deposit Formation in Kitchen Wastewater Xin Yan; Dongyang Ren; Jingtao Feng; Zhi Tang; Zheng Fang
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 5 (2026): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-05-016

Abstract

This study systematically investigated key parameters influencing fat, oil, and grease (FOG) deposit formation in kitchen wastewater and elucidated the underlying chemical kinetics. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was employed to characterize the composition of FOG deposits. Single-factor experiments and response surface methodology were used to identify the most significant factors contributing to saponification and determine optimal conditions for FOG accumulation. GC–MS demonstrated lower quantitative error rates than Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and acid–base titration, with oleic acid identified as the predominant free fatty acid (FFA) component. The optimal saponification conditions were as follows: C₁₈H₃₄O₂:CaCl₂ mass ratio of 1:1.40, pH value of 7, reaction temperature of 30°C, and reaction duration of 1440 min, under which the maximum predicted saponification extent was 77.932%. Additionally, the kinetic model showed that FOG saponification followed a second-order reaction, with an activation energy of 53.1 kJ·mol−1 and a pre-exponential factor of 5.4 × 107 L·mol−1·min−1. Overall, this research enhances the existing theoretical framework of FOG deposit formation by integrating engineering simulation with chemical kinetics and provides quantitative parameters to directly inform pipeline blockage mitigation and wastewater treatment optimization.

Page 196 of 198 | Total Record : 1972

 194   195   196   197   198 

Filter by Year

2015 2026


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol. 12 No. 5 (2026): May Vol. 12 No. 4 (2026): April Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): March Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): February Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January Vol. 11 No. 12 (2025): December Vol. 11 No. 11 (2025): November Vol. 11 No. 10 (2025): October Vol. 11 No. 9 (2025): September Vol. 11 No. 8 (2025): August Vol. 11 No. 7 (2025): July Vol. 11 No. 6 (2025): June Vol. 11 No. 5 (2025): May Vol 11, No 3 (2025): March Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): March Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): February Vol 11, No 2 (2025): February Vol 11, No 1 (2025): January Vol 10, No 12 (2024): December Vol 10, No 11 (2024): November Vol. 10 No. 11 (2024): November Vol 10, No 10 (2024): October Vol 10, No 9 (2024): September Vol 10, No 8 (2024): August Vol 10, No 7 (2024): July Vol. 10 No. 7 (2024): July Vol 10, No 6 (2024): June Vol. 10 No. 5 (2024): May Vol 10, No 5 (2024): May Vol 10, No 4 (2024): April Vol 10, No 3 (2024): March Vol 10, No 2 (2024): February Vol 10, No 1 (2024): January Vol 10 (2024): Special Issue "Sustainable Infrastructure and Structural Engineering: Innovations in Vol 9, No 12 (2023): December Vol 9, No 11 (2023): November Vol 9, No 10 (2023): October Vol 9, No 9 (2023): September Vol 9, No 8 (2023): August Vol 9, No 7 (2023): July Vol 9, No 6 (2023): June Vol 9, No 5 (2023): May Vol 9, No 4 (2023): April Vol 9, No 3 (2023): March Vol 9, No 2 (2023): February Vol 9, No 1 (2023): January Vol 9 (2023): Special Issue "Innovative Strategies in Civil Engineering Grand Challenges" Vol 8, No 12 (2022): December Vol 8, No 11 (2022): November Vol 8, No 10 (2022): October Vol 8, No 9 (2022): September Vol 8, No 8 (2022): August Vol 8, No 7 (2022): July Vol 8, No 6 (2022): June Vol 8, No 5 (2022): May Vol 8, No 4 (2022): April Vol 8, No 3 (2022): March Vol 8, No 2 (2022): February Vol 8, No 1 (2022): January Vol 7, No 12 (2021): December Vol 7, No 11 (2021): November Vol 7, No 10 (2021): October Vol 7, No 9 (2021): September Vol 7, No 8 (2021): August Vol 7, No 7 (2021): July Vol 7, No 6 (2021): June Vol 7, No 5 (2021): May Vol 7, No 4 (2021): April Vol 7, No 3 (2021): March Vol 7, No 2 (2021): February Vol 7, No 1 (2021): January Vol 7 (2021): Special Issue "Innovative Strategies in Civil Engineering Grand Challenges" Vol 6, No 12 (2020): December Vol 6, No 11 (2020): November Vol 6, No 10 (2020): October Vol 6, No 9 (2020): September Vol 6, No 8 (2020): August Vol 6, No 7 (2020): July Vol 6, No 6 (2020): June Vol 6, No 5 (2020): May Vol 6, No 4 (2020): April Vol 6, No 3 (2020): March Vol 6, No 2 (2020): February Vol 6, No 1 (2020): January Vol 6 (2020): Special Issue "Emerging Materials in Civil Engineering" Vol 5, No 12 (2019): December Vol 5, No 11 (2019): November Vol 5, No 10 (2019): October Vol 5, No 9 (2019): September Vol 5, No 8 (2019): August Vol 5, No 7 (2019): July Vol 5, No 6 (2019): June Vol 5, No 6 (2019): June Vol 5, No 5 (2019): May Vol 5, No 4 (2019): April Vol 5, No 4 (2019): April Vol 5, No 3 (2019): March Vol 5, No 3 (2019): March Vol 5, No 2 (2019): February Vol 5, No 2 (2019): February Vol 5, No 1 (2019): January Vol 5, No 1 (2019): January Vol 4, No 12 (2018): December Vol 4, No 12 (2018): December Vol 4, No 11 (2018): November Vol 4, No 11 (2018): November Vol 4, No 10 (2018): October Vol 4, No 10 (2018): October Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September Vol 4, No 8 (2018): August Vol 4, No 8 (2018): August Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July Vol 4, No 6 (2018): June Vol 4, No 6 (2018): June Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May Vol 4, No 5 (2018): May Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April Vol 4, No 4 (2018): April Vol 4, No 3 (2018): March Vol 4, No 3 (2018): March Vol 4, No 2 (2018): February Vol 4, No 2 (2018): February Vol 4, No 1 (2018): January Vol 4, No 1 (2018): January Vol 3, No 12 (2017): December Vol 3, No 12 (2017): December Vol 3, No 11 (2017): November Vol 3, No 11 (2017): November Vol 3, No 10 (2017): October Vol 3, No 10 (2017): October Vol 3, No 9 (2017): September Vol 3, No 9 (2017): September Vol 3, No 8 (2017): August Vol 3, No 7 (2017): July Vol 3, No 7 (2017): July Vol 3, No 6 (2017): June Vol 3, No 5 (2017): May Vol 3, No 5 (2017): May Vol 3, No 4 (2017): April Vol 3, No 3 (2017): March Vol 3, No 2 (2017): February Vol 3, No 2 (2017): February Vol 3, No 1 (2017): January Vol 2, No 12 (2016): December Vol 2, No 12 (2016): December Vol 2, No 11 (2016): November Vol 2, No 11 (2016): November Vol 2, No 10 (2016): October Vol 2, No 9 (2016): September Vol 2, No 9 (2016): September Vol 2, No 8 (2016): August Vol 2, No 8 (2016): August Vol 2, No 7 (2016): July Vol 2, No 7 (2016): July Vol 2, No 6 (2016): June Vol 2, No 6 (2016): June Vol 2, No 5 (2016): May Vol 2, No 4 (2016): April Vol 2, No 3 (2016): March Vol 2, No 3 (2016): March Vol 2, No 2 (2016): February Vol 2, No 1 (2016): January Vol 1, No 2 (2015): December Vol 1, No 1 (2015): November More Issue