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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 14 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 14, No 1 (2014)" : 14 Documents clear

Chemical and Physical Properties of Cassava Starch–CM-Chitosan–Acrylic Acid Gel Copolymerization by Gamma Irradiation Gatot Trimulyadi Rekso
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Starch is a renewable natural polymer that can be decomposed easily in the environment and can be modified to various applications such as biomedical, agricultural and pharmaceutical applications. Copolymerization of gelatinized starch–CM-chitosan and acrylic acid (AAc) in aqueous medium using γ-irradiation was carried out. The preparation conditions, such as irradiation dose and AAc concentration were investigated. The copolymers were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that by increasing of irradiation dose the gel fraction increases till the dose of 15 kGy. Above the stating dose the gel fraction decreases. The Equilibrium Degree of Swelling (EDS) value slightly increases with increasing irradiation dose and after dose of 15 kGy is decreasing. The swelling of starch–CM-chitosan–AAc hydro gels reduced as the gel content increases. The results indicated that the optimum condition for obtaining hydro gels with desirable properties was irradiated at dose of 15 kGy. The results indicated that SEM revealed that the higher the dose, the lower the copolymer pore size. The starch–CM-chitosan–AAc copolymers have thermal stability higher than that for starch individually.

Inhibition Kinetics of Sida rhombifolia L. Extract Toward Xanthine Oxidase by Electrochemical Method Dyah Iswantini; Muammar Yulian; Sri Mulijani; Trivadila Trivadila
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Sida rhombifolia L. is a traditional medicinal plant that has been known with potential as antigout. The previous research suggested that flavonoids crude extract of S. rhombifolia had an inhibitory activity toward xanthine oxidase by 71% and a spectrophotometric measurement showed that the type of flavonoids crude extract inhibition was a competitive inhibition. The purpose of the research was to investigate the type of inhibition kinetic of S. Rhombifolia’s ethanol extract by electrochemical method and to compare the measurements of linearity and sensitivity between spectrophotometric and electrochemical methods. The results showed that the yield of S. Rhombifolia’s ethanol extract was 9.82% with the inhibitory activity ranging from 13.64% to 82.69% (5.00-200 mg L-1) and IC50 value was 91.15±5.74 mg L-1. Allopurinol as a control showed the inhibitory activity of 15.26-70.95% (0.10-4.00 mg L-1) and IC50 value was 2.45±2.21 mg L-1. Inhibition kinetics of the ethanol extract caused a KM increase and unchange of VMAX. Based on the data, the type of inhibition kinetics was a competitive inhibition, with an inhibitor affinity (α) value of 3.18. Linearity of xanthine oxidase activity assay by electrochemical and spectrophotometric methods showed the range of 0.01-1.00 mM (R2 = 0.978) and 0.05-0.70 mM (R2 = 0.977) respectively. The sensitivity of electrochemical method was reported higher (0.95 μA mM-1) than the spectrophotometric method (0.007 min-1).

In Vitro Antidiabetic Activities of Extract and Isolated Flavonoid Compounds from Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg Puspa Dewi Narrij Lotulung; Tjandrawati Mozef; Chandra Risdian; Akhmad Darmawan
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The antidiabetic activity test through a mechanism of inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme was studied against ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of ethanol extract of Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg (Moraceae) leaves and four flavonoid compounds isolated from ethyl acetate extracts of A. altilis. Ethyl acetate fraction has strongest antidiabetic activity compared to ethanol, n-hexane, and n-butanol fractions with IC50values5.98,6.79, 440.18and14.42μg/mL, respectively. Four flavonoid compounds (1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[8-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-5-yl]-1-propanone (AC-31), 2-geranyl-2',3,4,4'-tetrahydroxy dihydrochalcone (AC-51), 8-geranyl-4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone (AC-33) andcyclocommunol (AA-3), have been isolated from ethylacetate fraction. AC-31 was the strongest antidiabetic compound compared to AC-51, AC-33 and cyclocommunolwithIC50values are 15.73, 24.41,49.49,and72.20μg/mL. Kineticstudies of AC-31 using Lineweaver-Burk method showed that inhibition mechanism of enzymeα-glucosidase was anon-competitivetype.

Quality and Chemical Composition of Organic and Non-Organic Vetiver Oil Asep Kadarohman; Ratnaningsih Eko S.; Gebi Dwiyanti; Lela Lailatul K.; Ede Kadarusman; Ahmad Nur F.
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Vetiver oil (Vetiveria zizanoides) has been used as perfume materials, cosmetics, fragrance soaps, anti-inflammation, repellent, and insecticidal agents. Organic vetiver oil has higher economical value than non-organic vetiver oil and it has been regarded to be able to compete in the global market. Therefore, studies have been carried out using 1 hectare of land and the first generation of organic vetiver oil has produced 0.57% of yield, greater than non-organic (0.50%). The quality of organic and non-organic vetiver oil was analyzed by Indonesian Standard (SNI) parameter, pesticide residue test, chemical composition by GC/MS, and the appearance of vetiver root. In general, the result of organic and non-organic vetiver oil has fulfilled the national standard; the quality of organic vetiver oil was better than non-organic one. Physically, the appearance of organic vetiver root was better than non-organic vetiver root; organic vetiver root was denser, more appealing, and did not have any black spots. The pesticide residue of organic vetiver oil was lower than non-organic vetiver oil. Based on SNI test, vetiverol (oxygen compounds) in organic vetiver oil was higher than non-organic vetiver oil.

Performance of Zinc-Difattyalkyldithyocarbamate as Anti-Friction/Anti-Wear Lubricant Additives Komar Sutriah; Zainal Alim Mas’ud; Tun Tedja Irawadi; Mohammad Khotib
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Dithyocarbamate is an organosulphur compound that has long been known and widely applied in various fields, including in agriculture and industry. Several variants of synthesized vegetable oil-based Zinc-difattyalkyldithyocarbamate were tested its anti-friction/anti-wear performance on four ball machine using the method of ASTM-D2783. Anti-friction/anti-wear test to six of additive variants of Zinc-difattyalkyldithyocarbamate at doses of 1.2% indicated that all variants of the product has welding point value higher than the lube base oil lubricant HVI 60, and from US Steel 136 standard for Hydraulic lubricants, but only two additive variants of Zinc-bis(lauryl palmityl)dithyocarbamate and Zinc-bis(lauryl oleyl)dithyocarbamate which has a larger load wear index value than the standard, and meet the criteria as an additive extreme pressure according to US steel 136 standard. Zinc-bis(lauryl palmityl)dithyocarbamate is an additive variant with the best performance, meet bi-functional lubricant additives criteria, as anti-friction/anti-wear and antioxidant additive.

Analytical Method Development for the Determination of Α-Endosulfan and Bifenthrin Pesticide Residues in Tea Dyah Styarini; Andreas Andreas; Y. Susanto Ridwan; Retno Yusiasih
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The development of analytical method for the determination of α-endosulfan and bifenthrin residues in tea has been done. The complex matrices and also the pigment were the challenge in doing quantification of the pesticide residues in tea matrices. In order to get appropriate analysis method for the determination of pesticide residues in tea, the modification was done in the analytical method for the determination of organochlorine multiresidue in non fat matrices: seasoning and spicy that is published by Directorate General of Food Crops, Directorate of Food Plant Protection. The modification was done particularly in clean-up step to remove the interferences from the extract of tea matrices such as the pigment that usually interfere the measurement with Gas Chromatography (GC). The result showed that the MDL value for both analytes were 0.5 ng/g that were much lower than MRLs. The percent recovery obtained from the method was 78.58 and 90.19% for α-endosulfan and bifenthrin, respectively. The precision of the analysis method for both analytes were good since the % RSD values were below than the Horwitz’s value that was 19.18% at spiking level concentration of 300 ng/g.

Preconcentration of Chromium(VI) at Trace Levels Using Acid Alumina Resin with Column Method Aman Sentosa Panggabean; Subur P Pasaribu; Bohari Bohari; Nurhasanah Nurhasanah
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Trace analysis of Chromium(VI) ions using acid alumina resin as a filler material column in preconcentration system by off-line method has been carried out. Alumina resin was activated with H2SO4 at pH 1 before being filled to the column. This research showed retention capacity of alumina acid resin was 3.955 mg Cr(VI)/g resin. The analytical performance of this method is good, shown with the limit of detection value was 3.648 µg/L. The reproducibility of this method shown as percentage of coefficient variance was 2.06%. Acid alumina used as resin filler column can increase the signal up to 15.36 times for direct Cr(VI) ions measurement. The accuracy of this method is very good with the recovery percentage value > 95%, shown the matrices of water samples didn’t effect the results of measurements and this method was capable to analyze Cr(VI) ions in water samples at the trace levels.

Computer Aided Design of Molecular Imprinted Polymer for Selective Recognition of Capsaicin Iqmal Tahir; Karna Wijaya; Shafiqul Islam; Mohd Noor Ahmad
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Searching capsaicin-like molecule as an alternative dummy template has been conducted for the synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) of capsaicin. Dummy template should be applied because synthesis of capsaicin practically has a problem due to its structure containing double bond at the aliphatic chains. Virtual searching was done using an online chemical database of ChemDB containing 5 million commercial molecules. Capsaicin structure was converted into SMILES code and then it was run on ChemDB with molecular similarity threshold of 0.5. There were 69 chemical structures obtained as the output and pseudocapsaicin was practically selected as the dummy template. Experimental result from the prediction evaluation showed that the use of capsaicin as template and pseudocapsaicin as dummy template produced MIPs that have separation factor of 1.28 and 1.25 respectively. It is suggested to choose pseudocapsaicin as dummy template for the synthesis MIP of capsaicin instead of using capsaicin molecule.

Method Development for the Analysis of Pharmaceuticals with Acethylcholinesterase Activity in Water Using HPLC-DAD and Solid Phase Extraction Samuel Budi Wardhana; Marit Kolb; Müfit Bahadir; Bambang Purwono; Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

An SPE followed by HPLC-DAD method with ion pair chromatography technique to analyze pharmaceuticals with acethylcholinesterase activity including pyridostigmine (PYR), galathamine (GAL), neostigmine (NEO), eserine (ESE), and donepezil (DON) in water samples was developed. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors have been used to treat less severe dementias such as Alzheimer’s disease. Chromatographic separation was achieved using reversed-phase SymmetryShield column using gradient system with mobile phase consisting of H2O/ACN (99:1, v/v) as mobile phase A with 10 mM sodium 1-hexanesulfonate and 0.1% acetic acid (HAc). The HPLC/DAD method was linear between concentrations of 5 to 100 ng/μL. The IDL and IQL ranged from 0.50 to 1.25 ng/μL and 1.5 to 3.0 ng/μL, respectively. SPE was used to extract and clean up the target substances in spiked pure water, tap water, and wastewater samples. The application of extraction method of 5 target substances in wastewater sample was divided into 2 parts: Oasis WCX (6 mL, 500 mg) for PYR and Oasis HLB (6 mL, 200 mg) for GAL, NEO, ESE and DON. The developed SPE and HPLC/DAD method is applicable for quantification of the 5 target substances in water samples in a concentration range > 50 µg/L and assumable lower for DON (> 25 µg/L).

Determination of the Temperature Effect on Glycerol Nitration Processes Using the HYSYS Predictions and the Laboratory Experiment Erna Astuti; Supranto Supranto; Rochmadi Rochmadi; Agus Prasetya; Krister Ström; Bengt Andersson
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Determinations of the temperature effect on glycerol nitration processes have been done with two methods: the HYSYS predictions and the laboratory experiment. The aim of this study was to compare prediction method and laboratory experiment method. The highest equilibrium conversion from HYSYS predictions was obtained in the range of equilibrium temperature of 10 to 20 °C. The laboratory experiments also described that nitration of glycerol with nitric acid should be carried out at reaction temperature of 10 to 20 °C. HYSYS that was used to predict the results of experiments in the laboratory can reduce the laboratory work with minimize the range of operating conditions studied. HYSYS exactly predict temperature of nitration of glycerol. The difference in conversion between two methods due to the equipment that was used in the experiments, procedure of experiments and the accuracy of analysis.

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