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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 1,981 Documents

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Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and Pyranon Derivated from Endophytic fungi Penicillium sp the Leave of Kunyit Putih (Curcuma zedoaria) Muharni Muharni; Fitrya Fitrya; Milanti Okta Ruliza; Dwi Anjar Susanti; Elfita Elfita
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Two compounds from cultivation of the endophytic fungi Penicillium sp of leaves of kunyit putih (Curcuma zedoaria have been isolated. The endophytic fungus was cultivated on 5 L of Potatos Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium at room temperature (no shaking) for 3 weeks. The cultures were extracted with ethyl acetate to afford 3.0 g of residue after removal of the solvent under reduced pressure. The extract was separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (CC) and afforded two pure compounds as colorless oily liquid (compound 1) and yellow crystal (compound 2). The structure of these compounds were characterized by detailed UV, IR, and NMR spectroscopic analysis and compound 1 as well as comparison with the reported data. Base on spectra analysis the compound 1 was determined as Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and compound 2 as 5-(4’-ethoxy-2’-hydroxy-5’-methyl-2’,3’-dihydrofuran-3’-il (hydroxy) methyl-4-isopropyl-3-methyl-2-pyran-2-on). Compound 1 is not new compound, but it is new for endophytic fungus from C. zeodoria and compound 2 is new compound.

FORMULATION AND IN VITRO STUDY OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE CONTROLLED RELEASE FROM CARBOXYMETHYL CHITOSAN-BASED MATRIX TABLETS Hernawan Hernawan; Septi Nurhayati; Khoirun Nisa; A.W. Indrianingsih; Cici Darsih; Muhammad Kismurtono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 13, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Formulation and in vitro study of propranolol hydrochloride controlled release from carboxymethyl chitosan-based matrix tablets have been conducted. Formulations with various concentrations of carboxymethyl chitosan 2% (F1), 4% (F2), 6% (F3) were done by wet granulation method. Compatibility test was conducted by XRD and FTIR spectroscopy to determine interaction between propranolol hydrochloride and polymer excipients. Dissolution profiles was obtained through in vitro tests release using simulated gastric fluid (without enzymes, pH 1.2) for the first 2 h and followed by simulated intestinal fluid (phosphate buffer solution without enzyme, pH 7.2) for 2 h remaining. The dissolution profile of each formulation was fitted with five kinetics modeling of drug release (zero order, first order, Higuchi, Peppas-Korsmeyer, and Hixson-Crowell). The compatibility test results showed that formulation caused physical interactions between propranolol hydrochloride and polymer excipient but doesn't make crystallinity nature of propranolol hydrochloride disturbed even after formulation. Dissolution profiles of each formulation showed that controlled release of propranolol hydrochloride from the tablet followed Peppas-Korsmeyer model. It is concluded that carboxymethyl chitosan in appropriate proportions is suitable for formulating propranolol hydrochloride controlled release tablets which exhibit Peppas-Korsmeyer release kinetics.

QSAR Study of Insecticides of Phthalamide Derivatives Using Multiple Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Network Methods Adi Syahputra; Mudasir Mudasir; Nuryono Nuryono; Anifuddin Aziz; Iqmal Tahir
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) for 21 insecticides of phthalamides containing hydrazone (PCH) was studied using multiple linear regression (MLR), principle component regression (PCR) and artificial neural network (ANN). Five descriptors were included in the model for MLR and ANN analysis, and five latent variables obtained from principle component analysis (PCA) were used in PCR analysis. Calculation of descriptors was performed using semi-empirical PM6 method. ANN analysis was found to be superior statistical technique compared to the other methods and gave a good correlation between descriptors and activity (r2 = 0.84). Based on the obtained model, we have successfully designed some new insecticides with higher predicted activity than those of previously synthesized compounds, e.g.2-(decalinecarbamoyl)-5-chloro-N’-((5-methylthiophen-2-yl)methylene) benzohydrazide, 2-(decalinecarbamoyl)-5-chloro-N’-((thiophen-2-yl)-methylene) benzohydrazide and 2-(decaline carbamoyl)-N’-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-5-chlorobenzohydrazide with predicted log LC50 of 1.640, 1.672, and 1.769 respectively.

Detection of Hg2+ Metal Ions Using Silver Nanoparticles Stabilized by Gelatin and Tween-20 Lilis Sulistiawaty; Sri Sugiarti; Noviyan Darmawan
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reduction method using glucose as reducing agent for precursor AgNO3. This research was aimed at comparing the stability and performance of silver nanoparticles with stabilizer gelatin (Gelatin-AgNPs) and tween-20 (Tween-AgNPs) produced from the synthesis to the silver nanoparticles without stabilizer, and applying the Gelatin-AgNPs and Tween-AgNPs to detect heavy metal in water sample. The silver nanoparticles produced were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). From measurement of UV-Vis spectrophotometer, the absorbance wavelength of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) appeared in range 411 nm, Gelatin-AgNPs in 417 nm, and Tween-AgNPs in 420 nm. The identification using TEM showed the average size for each AgNPs, Gelatin-AgNPs, and Tween-AgNPs was 11.73, 9.68, and 17.54 nm, respectively. The result showed that Gelatin-AgNPs has better stability compared to Tween-AgNPs. The reaction of Gelatin-AgNPs and Tween-AgNPs with several ions showed color changes of Gelatin-AgNPs and Tween-AgNPs occurred only on addition to Hg2+ metal ions solution. Based on the experiment of Hg2+ metal ions determination this method has limit of detection of 0.45 mg/L for Gelatin-AgNPs and 0.13 mg/L for Tween-AgNPs.

Antibacterial Activity of Germacrane Type Sesquiterpenes from Curcuma heyneana Rhizomes Hartiwi Diastuti; Yana Maolana Syah; Lia Dewi Juliawaty; Marlia Singgih
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The isolation of terpenoids from C. heyneana rhizomes and their antibacterial activity have been conducted. The terpenoids were isolated by using vacuum liquid chromatography and radial chromatography. The structures of the compounds were determined based on spectroscopic data (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR (1D and 2D)). The antibacterial activity was carried out by using microdilution method and evaluated against eight bacteria. Three germacrane type sesquiterpenes have been isolated from C. heyneana rhizhomes and were identified as germacrone, dehydrocurdione, and 1(10),4(5)-diepoxygermacrone. Germacrone showed highest antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa with MIC values of 15.6 µg/mL and MBC values 31.2 µg/mL. Dehydrocurdione showed highest antibacterial activity against B. subtilis with MIC values of 31.2 µg/mL and MBC values of 31.2 µg/mL. However, 1(10),4(5)-diepoxygermacrone showed a weak antibacterial activity.

Conversion of Cyclohexanone to Adipic Acid Catalyzed by Heteropoly Compounds Aldes Lesbani; Fitriliana Fitriliana; Risfidian Mohadi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Conversion of cyclohexanone to adipic acid using hydrogen peroxide as green oxidant catalyzed by heteropoly compounds i.e. H5[a-BW12O40] H4[a-SiW12O40] and H4[a-PVMo11O40] has been carried out systematically in one pot synthesis under mild condition. The product of adipic acid was characterized using GC-MS, FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The results show that cyclohexanone could be converted into adipic acid by using H5[a-BW12O40] H4[a-SiW12O40] as catalysts, whereas H4[a-PVMo11O40] did not shows catalytic activity in this reaction. The effect of reaction time gave adipic acid 41% for reaction time 7 h. The yield of adipic acid was 30% with melting point 149-151 °C. The oxidation temperature at 100 °C gave the highest adipic acid 48% was obtained. The FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra of the product are well agreed to the adipic acid standard.

Microstructure Analysis of Synthesized LiBOB Etty Marti Wigayati; Christin Rina Ratri; Ibrahim Purawiardi; Fadli Rohman; Titik Lestariningsih
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 15, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Lithium bis (oxalate) borate or LiBOB is an active material used as the electrolyte for lithium battery application. LiBOB (LiB(C2O4)2) powder was prepared from LiOH, H2C2O4 and H3BO3. The employed method was solid state reaction. LiBOB powder produced from the reaction was then observed using SEM and TEM. Surface area was analyzed using Quantachrome Nova 4200e. From the analysis analyzed using XRD to identify the resulting phases, crystal structure, and crystallite size. The functional groups were analyzed using FT-IR. The particle morphology was result, it was seen that the resulted phases were C4LiBO8 and LiB(C2O4)2.H2O, the crystal structure was orthorhombic with space group Pbca and Pnma. From the particle morphology observation it was shown that micro pores were created irregularly. When the observation was deepened, nanopores with elongated round shape were seen within the micropores. The pore size was approximately 50–100 nm. The surface area, total pore volume, and average pore diameter of LiBOB powder was 88.556 m2/g, 0.4252 cm3/g, and 19.2 nm respectively.

EFFECT OF CRUDE PALM OIL PROTECTION WITH FORMALDEHYDE ON HYDROGENATION OF RUMEN FLUID UNSATURATED FATTY ACID: ITS EFFECT ON BLOOD AND MEAT FATTY ACID Nafly C. Tiven; Lies Mira Yusiati; Rusman Rusman; Umar Santoso
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 13, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This research aimed to determine the effect of crude palm oil protected with formaldehyde on the hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen and its effect on blood and meat fatty acids. Fifteenth local male lambs aged 9-12 months weighing 14-17 kg, were divided into 3 groups ration treatment. The first group received only the basal ration (R0), the 2nd group received the basal ration and 3% CPO (R1), while the 3rd group received the basal ration and 3% CPO protected with 2% formaldehyde (R2). Basal feed consisted of 60% grass, 30% bran and 10% soybean meal, with the nutrient content of 62.98% TDN, 45.5% DM, 14.48% CP, 4.70% EE and 21.93% CF. Parameters observed were the fatty acid from rumen fluid, blood and meat of sheep. Data were analyzed by complete randomized design direction patterns. Differences between treatments were tested further using Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. The results showed that treatment of R2 can increase unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen, blood and meat (P

EXTRACTION OF STRONTIUM(II) BY CROWN ETHER: INSIGHTS FROM DENSITY FUNCTIONAL CALCULATION Saprizal Hadisaputra; Harno Dwi Pranowo; Ria Armunanto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 12, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The structures, energetic and thermodynamic parameters of crown ethers with different cavity size, electron donating/withdrawing substituent groups and donor atoms have been determined with density functional method at B3LYP level of theory in gas and solvent phase. Small core quasi-relativistic effective core potentials was used together with the accompanying SDD basis set for Sr2+ and DZP basis set was used for crown ether atoms. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was evaluated to characterize the distribution of electrons on the complexes. The interaction energy is well correlated with the values of Strontium charge after complexation, the second order interaction energies (E2) and HOMO-LUMO energy gab (∆Egab). The interaction energy and thermodynamics parameters in gas phase are reduced in solvent phase as the solvent molecules weaken the metal-crown ether interaction. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that less feasibility to extract Sr2+ ion directly from pure water without presence of organic solvent. The theoretical values of extraction energy for Sr(NO3)2 salt from aqueous solution in different organic solvent is validated by the experimental trend. This study would have strong contribution in planning the experiments to the design of specific host ligand and screening of solvent for extraction of metal ion.

Effect of Silica Fillers on Characterization of Cellulose-Acrylamide Hydrogels Matrices as Controlled Release Agents for Urea Fertilizers Deni Swantomo; Rochmadi Rochmadi; Kris Tri Basuki; Rahman Sudiyo
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Controlled Release Urea Fertilizers-based hydrogels matrices was synthesized by graft copolymerization of acrylamide onto the rice straw cellulose backbones in the presence of silica fillers using simultaneous graft copolymerization by gamma irradiation as initiator. Evidence of the silica presence on grafted cellulose was obtained from FTIR. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystalline was reduced through silica fillers added. The effect of silica content on grafting efficiency, gel fraction, Young modulus, swelling degree, and urea loading were examined. It was found that grafting efficiency and gel fraction decrease with increasing silica added inversely with Young modulus. Water swelling and loading urea fertilizers into hydrogels matrices were conducted and the results showed that swelling degree and urea fertilizers loading increased first and then decreased with increasing silica added. The effect of the silica fillers had implications in the mechanism of controlled release urea fertilizers that diffusion-controlled mechanism became dominant, which attributed to the decreasing of urea diffusion coefficient.

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