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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 1,956 Documents

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Microwave-Assisted Preparation of Magnetic Citric Acid-Sugarcane Bagasse for Removal of Textile Dyes Nguyen Thi Hong Anh; Tran Thanh Phuc; Tran Nguyen Minh An; Pho Quoc Hue; Nguyen Van Cuong
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Wastewater from industries has been a serious issue that both manufactures and authorities raise concerns since it brings tremendous demerits to the surrounding environment and human well-being. Therefore, an appropriate treatment method should be applied before being discharged into the environment. In this paper, sugarcane bagasse was modified with citric acid and then used to load the suspension of Fe3O4 nanoparticles to form a nanocomposite of magnetic citric acid-modified sugarcane bagasse. The properties of prepared materials were investigated by a variety of modern methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The adsorptive capacity of prepared materials was investigated with methylene blue as the typical adsorbate. The decolonization effectiveness was increased with increasing contact time and declined with rising initial dye concentration. The higher removal efficiency was observed for the basic medium in comparison with the acidic medium. Additionally, the results showed that more than 12.42 mg/g (98%) of cationic yellow 51, and basic red 46 dyes were removed after 30 min.

Metabolic Changes in the Trichomes of Cannabis sativa var. bedrobinol Analyzed by 1H-NMR-Based Metabolomics Nizar Happyana; Oliver Kayser
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 6 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Trichomes of Cannabis sativa are the main tissue for synthesizing and storing cannabinoids, the most interesting compounds in this plant. In this report, metabolic changes in the trichomes of C. sativa var. bedrobinol were investigated by 1H-NMR-based metabolomics over the flowering session. Three cannabinoids, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), cannabichromenic acid (CBCA), and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), were successfully identified in the chloroform extracts of the Cannabis trichomes. Meanwhile, 20 non-cannabinoid compounds, including sugars, amino acids, and other acidic constituents, were detected in the water extracts. Metabolic changes of the Cannabis trichomes during the monitoring time were successfully revealed using the models of partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) and 1H-NMR quantitative analysis. Score plots of the PLSDA models classified metabolomes based on the harvest time. Discriminant metabolites for the differentiation were detected in the loading plots of the models. THCA was found as an important discriminant compound in the chloroform extracts, while all quantified water-soluble compounds were detected, contributing to the metabolic changes of the water extracts. The obtained results shed more light on the biosynthesis of metabolites in the Cannabis trichomes over the flowering season.

Improved Maleic Anhydride Grafting to Linear Low Density Polyethylene by Microencapsulation Method Iman Rahayu; Achmad Zainuddin; Sunit Hendrana
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A common graft copolymerization method usually results in a low degree of grafting due to its poor inter-component interactions. A monomer microencapsulation method should be useful to enhance the current graft copolymerization technique. The maleic anhydride (MAH) grafted with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) was successfully synthesized by monomer microencapsulation without using a direct method in order to find a high degree of grafting. The results showed that the degree of grafting of the LLDPE synthesized by microencapsulation (5.9%) was higher than that achieved with the direct method (5.0%).

Silver Nanoparticles Capped with p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid as a Colorimetric Sensor for the Determination of Paraquat Gusrizal Gusrizal; Sri Juari Santosa; Eko Sri Kunarti; Bambang Rusdiarso
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Highly stable silver nanoparticles capped with p-hydroxybenzoic acid were synthesized by reducing silver ion with p-hydroxybenzoic acid and used for the detection of paraquat. The synthesized silver nanoparticles, which are yellow, exhibited an absorption peak at 420 nm when measured with a UV-visible spectrophotometer due to the surface plasmon resonance. In the presence of paraquat, the color of silver nanoparticles changed from yellow to purple accompanied by the appearance of a new peak at 580 nm in addition to the peak at 420 nm. In order to obtain optimum experimental conditions, temperature, and time of reaction were optimized, and the ratio of absorbance obtained at 580 nm and 420 nm (A580/A420) were monitored. The A580/A420 is proportional to the concentration of paraquat. Under the most favorable condition, the calibration curve showed a high level of linearity ranging from 6.0 × 10–4 to 1.0 × 10–3 M, and the detection limit was found to be 8.30 × 10–6 M. Silver nanoparticles capped with p-hydroxybenzoic acid was found to be useful for the colorimetric determination of paraquat in the aqueous medium.

Prediction of Rashba Effect on Two-dimensional MX Monochalcogenides (M = Ge, Sn and X = S, Se, Te) with Buckled Square Lattice Ibnu Jihad; Juhri Hendrawan; Adam Sukma Putra; Kuwat Triyana; Moh. Adhib Ulil Absor
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The Rashba splitting are found in the buckled square lattice. Here, by applying fully relativistic density-functional theory (DFT) calculation, we confirm the existence of the Rashba splitting in the conduction band minimum of various two-dimensional MX monochalcogenides (M = Ge, Sn and X = S, Se, Te) exhibiting a pair inplane Rashba rotation of the spin textures. A strong correlation has also been found between the size of the Rashba parameter and the atomic number of chalcogen atom for Γ and M point in the first Brillouin zone. Our investigation clarifies that the buckled square lattice are promising for inducing the substantial Rashba splitting suggesting that the present system is promising for spintronics device.

Six-Armed Structures Based on Benzene Ring, Synthesis and Characterization via Sonogashira Coupling Mohammed Hadi Ali Al-Jumaili; Ahmed Solaiman Hamed; Nihat Akkurt; Lokman Torun
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A new six-armed compounds consist of benzene ring as a central core substituted with aromatic ring and three rod-like armed of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dodecyloxy)-1,3,5-triazine as the peripheral arms unit which obtained by sequential nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms in cyanuric chloride. The substitution took place at the acetylenic periphery on the central benzene ring by Sonogashira coupling. Equimolar mixtures of the six-armed compounds based on the benzene core with the complementary 4-dodecyloxybenzoic acid, which already possessed liquid crystal property, resulted in an organic salt. The organic salts and structures were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and confirmed by spectroscopic methods (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectroscopy)

Proteins Pre-concentration Using Glycidyl Methacrylate-co-stearyl Methacrylate-co-ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate Monolith Ahmed Ali Alkarimi; Kevin Welham
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Solid-phase extraction technique is considered as a vital tool in a pre-treatment of different samples. Therefore, it was used as a beneficial and alternative extraction method over the liquid–liquid extraction in diverse applications such as food, environmental, and biological analyses. Glycidyl methacrylate-co-stearyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (GMA-co-SMA-co-EDMA) monolithic sorbent was prepared as strong cationic-reversed phase sorbent for solid-phase extraction of different proteins. The monolithic sorbent was prepared inside two moulds such as glass microchip device and borosilicate. The morphological properties have been investigated using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) model analyzer and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the formation of the monolithic sorbent was examined using the FT-IR. Eight proteins (cytochrome C, insulin, myoglobin, lysozyme, β-lactoglobulin, trypsin, albumin chicken egg white, and apo-transferrin) with different molecular weight and isoelectric point were investigated for pre-concentration using the SCX/RP sorbent. It was found that the highest extraction recovery was obtained with three proteins cytochrome C, lysozyme, and myoglobin compared with the other proteins. These three proteins were chosen for pre-concentration using the glass microchip. Sorbent performance showed significant results in terms of stability and reproducibility.

Synthesis, Characterization and Docking Study of Novel Pyrimidine Derivatives as Anticancer Agents Manal Mohamed Talaat El-Saidi; Ahmed Ali El-Sayed; Erik Bjerregaard Pedersen; Mohamed Abdelhamid Tantawy; Nadia Ragab Mohamed; Wafaa Ahmed Gad
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

New compounds 5 and 9 using DNA bases e.g. Adenine 1 and Guanine 6 derivatives have been synthesized. The use of simple methods to synthesize compounds 5 and 9 were done using pyrimidine as an alternative DNA base ring. Another design to synthesize new simple pyrimidine rings utilizing thiourea and ethylcyano acetate to afford 6-amino-2-thiouracil was adopted. The reaction of thiouracil 10 with chloro cyano or chloro ester and ketone, resulted in the formation of adduct compounds 18-21, rather than the formation of compound 17. All the synthesized compounds were subjected to docking study, in order to gain insights into their binding modes against cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CDK-2) that is involved heavily in cell cycle regulation and receptor protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) which is involved in cell apoptosis. These targets were selected based on their key roles in cancer progression via the regulation of the cell cycle and DNA replication. Molecular-docking analyses showed that compound 14e was the best docked ligand against both targets, as it displayed the lowest binding energy, critical hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the targets.

Structural Change of Apoferritin as the Effect of pH Change: DLS and SANS Study Arum Patriati; Nadi Suparno; Grace Tjungirai Sulungbudi; Mujamilah Mujamilah; Edy Giri Rachman Putra
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Apoferritin is a complex protein potential for drug delivery application. The advantage of apoferritin lies in its core-shell structure, its nano size, and its pH-sensitivity. This study was aimed to characterize the structure of apoferritin due to the pH alteration effect in a solution using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Both DLS and SANS can observe protein size in solution near its physiological condition. The results show that apoferritin possesses a core-shell structure with a diameter of around 12–13 nm at pH 7. The dissociation of apoferritin occurs at pH 1.9. The SANS data shows the apoferritin at pH 1.9 was dissociated into the smaller oligomer. The structure of this smaller oligomer has a different configuration than the configuration of apoferritin subunits at pH 7. It can cause the failure of reassembly of apoferritin if the apoferritin is neutralized back to pH 7 after dissociation from pH 1.9.

Employing an R Software Package rsm for Optimizing of Genistein, Daidzein, and Glycitein Separation and Its Application for Soy Milk Analysis by HPLC Method Florentinus Dika Octa Riswanto; Alni Desra; Rinjani Mustika Sari; Valentino Thomas; Abdul Rohman; Suwidjiyo Pramono; Sudibyo Martono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Soy milk, one of the soybean products, become more popular in recent years due to its benefit for human health. Biological activities of soybean products have been widely studied according to the presence of isoflavone aglycones content, including genistein, daidzein, and glycitein. Hence, it is important to develop an effective and efficient analytical method to provide guidance regarding appropriate isoflavone intake levels for soy milk. A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and optimized in this study employed by R statistical software with the package of rsm. A C18 column was used for HPLC separation with the detection at 260 nm. Optimized condition for HPLC separation has been achieved with the mobile phase of methanol: water (63.26:36.74), a flow rate of 0.81 mL/min, and a column temperature of 45.31 °C. These conditions were applied in the HPLC system and successfully tested for the system suitability. Quantitative estimation was performed and resulted that the genistein, daidzein, and glycitein content in soy milk samples were 6.372, 6.273, and 2.853 µg/mL, respectively.

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