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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 1,981 Documents

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PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATIONS AND MODIFICATION OF Ni-Pd/NATURAL ZEOLITE CATALYSTS Wega Trisunaryanti; Endang Triwahyuni; Sri Sudiono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 1 (2005)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Preparation, and modification of Ni-Pd/natural zeolite as well as their characterizations had been carried out. The aim of this research for the fututure is to prepare the best characters catalyst for the conversion of waste plastics fraction to gasoline fraction (C5-C12 hydrocarbons). The preparation of catalysts was performed by reacting a natural zeolite with the precursor of Ni(NO3)2. 9H2O and PdCl2 in an ammonia solution (25%). The modifications were performed by varying the rasio of Ni/Pd loaded to the zeolite, whereas the Pd was previously loaded and total metal content was 1 wt.% based on the zeolite. The characterization of catalysts included determination of acidity gravimetrically by adsorption of ammonia or pyridine vapour base method, metal content by Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and X-ray Fluoresence (XRF) and crystallinity by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The treatment of catalysts using Etilene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid (EDTA) was performed to study the metal distribution on the outer or inner surface of the zeolite. The characterization results showed that the loading of metals to the zeolite increased its acidity and decreased its spesific surface area, however, did not defect its crystallnity. The metals loaded on the zeolite were distributed inside the pore and at outer surface of the zeolite. For all catalyst samples, the acidities determined using ammonia were higher than those of pyridine, and the acidities determined before the EDTA treatment was lower than those after the treatment. Metal contents of the zeolite before the EDTA treatment were higher than those after the treatment. The EDTA treatment enhanced the crystallinity of the sampel. The relationship between the metal rasio towards the acidity of the catalyst samples were in variation. Catalyst samples produced in this research have good characters, thus promisingly can be used for conversion process of waste plastics to gasoline fraction.

MECHANISM OF BORAX CRYSTALLIZATION USING CONDUCTIVITY METHOD Suharso Suharso
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The kinetics of crystal growth of borax has been studied by using conductivity method at temperature of 25 °C and at various relative supersaturations. It was found that the growth rate increases with increasing supersaturation. At low concentration, growth occurs via a spiral growth mechanism and at high concentration birth and spread is the principal mechanism operating.

Characterization and Modification of Natural Zeolite and Its Cracking Properties on Petroleum Fraction Mukhamad Nurhadi; Wega Trisunaryanti; M Utoro Yahya; Bambang Setiaji
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 1, No 1 (2001)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Preparation of natural zeolite catalyst consist of dealumination using acid (HF 1% (v/v), HCI 1M), steaming at calcination temperature and both treatments ware carried out. The modification of the zeolite catalyst was done by loading a small amount of chromium (3% b/b) on the zeolite by ion exchange method. Ion exchange was processed by immersing the zeolite in 0.115 M chromium nitrate solution, followed by oxidation with oxygen gas and reduction by hydrogen gas. The characterization of the zeolite catalyst by mean of Si/AI ratio, acidity, metal contents (Na, K, Ca, Fe and Cr) and surface area including pore size distribution were determined by gravimetric method, ammonia adsorption, Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and nitrogen gas sorption analyzer (NOVA-1000), respectively. The result of characterization showed that dealumination process increased the Si/AI ratio, acidity and decreased the metal content. The result of cracking process showed that modification of the natural zeolite catalyst enhanced the catalysis property, it showed relatively high cracking activity of petroleum fraction and low kokass formation.

FRACTIONATION OF FATTY ACID OMEGA 3, 6 AND 9 FROM SNAIL (Achatina fulica) USING COLOUM CHROMATOGRAPHY Winarto Haryadi; Sugeng Triono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 6, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The extraction of fat from snail has been carried out by Soxhlet extractor with petroleum ether solvent. Fatty product from extraction was transesterificated in BF3/methanol solvent for an hour by reflux procedure, then extracted by n-hexane to produce methyl ester fatty acid. Free water fatty acid methyl ester was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Fatty acid ester was separated from its fractions use column chromatography in n-hexane, n-hexane:dietil eter (2:1 v/v), dietil eter, aseton, ethanol and methanol. This fractions wer also analized by GC-MS. From GC-MS data sheet can be obtained 5 fractions which details are; fraction 1 contains omega 3: 27.54 %, omega 6: 15.40 % and omega 9: 6.77 %. Fraction 2 contains omega 3: 3.08 %, omega 6: 15.62 % and omega 9: 10.72 %. Fraction 3 contains omega 6: 3.57 %, omega 9: 7.02 % and none omega 3 inside it. Omega 3, 6 and 9 can't be identification in fraction 4 and 5.

SYNTHESIS AND CONFORMATIONS OF p-(ACETAMIDO)-BUTOXYCALIX[4]ARENE AND p-(BENZAMIDO)-BUTOXYCALIX[4]ARENE Firdaus Firdaus; Jumina Jumina; Hardjono Sastrohamidjojo
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 7, No 2 (2007)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The conversion of p-(amino)butoxycalix[4]arene, 1, to p-(acetamido)butoxy-calix[4]arene, 2, and p-(benzamido)butoxycalix[4]arene, 3, via acetylation and benzoylation reactions, respectively have been conducted. The acetylation reactions was conducted by reflux method and room temperature method. The reflux method was conducted by refluxed a solution of 1 and acetic anhydride in acetic acid glacial solvent for 12 hours to result 2 in 53.8% yield; while the room temperature method was conducted by stirred a solution of 1, acetyl chloride, and dry pyridine in dry toluene solvent and inert atmosphere at room temperature for 24 hours to result 2 in 97.8% yield. By the room temperature method and using benzoyl chloride, the compound 3 was obtained in 67.1% yield. Structures of the both compounds were confirmed using IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy methods. Pursuant to the 1H-NMR spectral patterns of their bridge methylene and calix aryl protons, they were known that the compound 3 exist in partial cone conformation; whereas the compound 2 exist in partial cone, cone, and 1,2-alternate conformations where the partial cone was the main conformer.

DECREASEMENT OF COLOUR AND COD CONTENT OF THE LIQUID WASTE PRODUCT FROM THE JEANS WASHING INDUSTRY BY CHITOSAN AND Trametes versicolor Rumondang Bulan; Mersi Suryani Sinaga; Darnianti Darnianti
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Chitosan and Trametes versicolor were used as the material for processing liquid waste product from the jeans washing industry in this study as they were more economics and no negative damage in the environmental life. This research is to find out the chitosan and Trametes versicolor effect as the coagulant in decreasing the colour and the COD content of the liquid waste product from the jeans washing industry using the coagulation method and floculation. The dosage of chitosan and Trametes versicolor were 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/L of the liquid waste product whereas the combination of chitosan and Trametes versicolor were 4:1, 3:2, 2:3 and 1:4. The data resulted from the analysis were shown as a graphics. The research results show that the optimum dosage of chitosan as coagulant was 800 mg/L which was able to decrease the colour intensity. For blue colour, the intensity decreased from 1.2 to 0.1%; the yellow colour intensity decreased from 0.9 to 0.0% and the COD 91.23%. The optimum dosage of Trametes versicolor of 600 mg/L was able to decrease the blue colour intensity from 1.2 to 0.11%; the yellow colour intensity from 0.9 to 0.1% and the COD was 91.37%. By using the combinationof chitosan and Trametes versicolor it was shown that the best result was using the 3:2 ratio which was able to decrease the blue colour intensity from 0.9 to 0.1% and the yellow colour intensity from 0.9 to 0.0% and the COD was 86.68%.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF IRON SULPHIDE THIN FILMS BY CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION METHOD Anuar Kassim; Tan WeeTee; Dzulkefly Kuang Abdullah; Atan Mohd. Sharif; Ho SoonMin; Gwee Siew Yong; Saravanan Nagalingam
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

FeS2 thin films have been deposited by using low cost chemical bath deposition technique. The films obtained under deposition parameters such as bath temperature (90 °C), deposition period (90 min), electrolyte concentration (0.15 M) and pH of the reactive mixture (pH 2.5). The thin films were characterized using X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy in order to study the structural and morphological properties. The band gap energy, transition type and absorption properties were determined using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. X-ray diffraction displayed a pattern consistent with the formation of an orthorhombic structure, with a strong (110) preferred orientation. Atomic force microscopy image showed the substrate surface is well covered with irregular grains. A direct band gap of 1.85 eV was obtained according to optical absorption studies.

STUDIES ON LEWIS ACID REACTION OF ISOEUGENOL AND ISOEUGENYL ACETATE Bambang Purwono; Retno Dwi Soelistyowati; Mudasir Mudasir
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 3, No 1 (2003)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Studies of the Lewis Acid (AlCl3 and BF3-methanol) to isoeugenol and isoeugenyl acetate have been conducted. Reactions were carried out by stirring of isoeugenol and isoeugenyl acetate for 4 days at room temperature.Structure analysis of the products using IR, MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectrophotometer showed that cyclic dimer product has been obtained white crystal, 175 oC, as a 1-ethyl-5-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl phenyl)-6-methoxy-2-methyl indane.

CHARACTERIZATION AND COBALT DISTRIBUTION STUDY OF CERAMIC BODY SYSTEM : BOJONEGORO CLAY– FELDSPAR – QUARTZ Rohmat Sulistya; Djoko Hartanto; Irmina Kris Murwani
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 6, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The quality improvement of Bojonegoro Clay and the cobalt distribution on the surface of ceramic body system have been studied. The ceramic body system consists of Bojonegoro Clay, feldspar and quartz is optimized using a triaxial blend method. About 6 compositions among 15 compositions of synthesized ceramic bodies can be casted in plastic condition with plastic limit between 22 and 30%. It has been obtained that the optimum composition of the ceramic body is 57% clay, 14.5% feldspar, 28.5% quartz with the total shrinkage is 7 % and the modulus of rupture is 18.23 N/mm2. Cobalt is distributed homogenously on the optimum ceramic surface with 0.3 mm depth at optimum glaze firing temperature (1050 oC).

ELECTRON BEAM CURING OF EPOXY ACRYLATE COATINGS ON MEDIUM-DENSITY FIBERBOARD Sugiarto Danu; Darsono Darsono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Most of the medium-density fiberboard (MDF) as an engineered woods need surface coating process before entering final products, such as furniture and building materials. The wood surface should be covered for surface protection from damage during service life as well as to enhance its appearance. Surface coating of MDF was conducted using epoxy acrylate resin either for clear and pigmented coatings. Titanium dioxide was used for white pigmented coatings. Coating was conducted at variation thickness level of 30 to 150 μm. Curing was carried out by using 350 kV electron beam accelerator at 1.35 mA current and 1.6 m/min conveyor speed to get the absorbed dose of 3 Mrad. Effect of coating thickness was evaluated by measuring the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of cured samples, i.e., hardness, gloss, transparency, adhesion, abrasion resistance, and chemical, solvent and stain resistance. Experimental results showed that pendulum hardness and abrasion resistance slightly increased whereas gloss, transparency and adhesion resistance decreased with increasing coating thickness, while chemical, solvent and stain resistance remains similar. In general, clear coating provides better properties than pigmented coating.

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