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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 1,981 Documents

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SYNTHESIS ALKANOLAMIDE TETRAHIDROXY OCTADECANOATE COMPOUND FROM CANDLE NUT OIL Daniel Daniel
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Candle nut oil could be transesterificated by methanol with concentrated H2SO4 as a catalyst to form fatty acid methyl esther. Methyl linoleate could be separated by Column Chromatography mechanism technic partition from fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) mixture, then it was treated by ethanolamine at base condition in benzene as solvent and sodium methylate as a catalyst at reflux condition for 6 hours to form an alkanolamide. Alkanolamide could be epoxydized by tert-buthyl hydroperoxyde and peroxygenase as a catalyst and it was refluxed for 6 hours at 40 °C and nitrogen gas condition to form the epoxy alkanolamide octadecanoate, and then it was hydrolyzed by HCl 0.1 M to form alkanolamide tetrahidroxy octadecanoate (Polyol). Alkanolamide tetrahidroxy octadecanoate could be separated by Column Chromatography using silica gel H 40 and the eluent was the mixture of chloroform, ethyl acetate, formic acid in a ratio 90:10:1 (v/v/v/). Determination of HLB value from alknolamide tetrahydroxy octadecanoate is 13.096. Therefore, this compound was particularly suitable for application as an o/w emulsifiers. All af the reaction steps were confirmed by using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, GC-MS, Gas Chromatography and TLC.

NUCHLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION OF CYANIDE AND METHOXYDE IONS TO QUATERNARY MANNICH BASE FROM VANILLIN Bambang Purwono; Estiana E.P Daruningsih
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 7, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The nucleophilic substitution reaction to quaternary Mannich base from vanillin has been investigated. Mannich reaction to vanillin was carried out by refluxing mixture of vanillin, formaldehyde and dimethyl amine. Quaternary ammonium halide salt was obtained from reaction of Mannich vanillin base with methyl iodide in THF solvents and yielded 93.28%. Nucleophilic substituion to the halide salts with cyanide nucleophile produced 4-hidroxy-3-methoxy-5-(cyano)methylbenzaldehyde in 54.39% yield, with methoxyde ion obtained 4-hidroxy- 3-methoxy-5-(methoxy)-methyl-benzaldehide in 67.80% yield. The nucleophilic substitution reaction showed that substituen of trimethylamino quaternary Mannich base can act as a good leaving on nucleophilic reaction substitutions.

STUDY ON THE ADSORPTION PROPERTIES OF NOVEL CALIX[6]ARENE POLYMERS FOR HEAVY METAL CATIONS Susy Yunita Prabawati; Jumina Jumina; Sri Juari Santosa; Mustofa Mustofa; Keisuke Ohto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A research has been conducted to investigate the capability of a series of novel calix[6]arenes-based polymers: poly-monoallyloxycalix[6]arene (2a), poly-monoallyloxypenta-estercalix[6]arene (2b) and poly-monoallyloxypenta-acidcalix[6]arene (2c) for trapping of heavy metal cations such as Cd(II), Cu(II) and Cr(III). The existence of active hydroxy group (-OH) and with a tunnel-like structure of the polymers, caused the polymers can be used as adsorbents for heavy metals. The adsorption process was carried out in batch method in the variation of acidity (pH), contact time and initial concentration of metal ions. The results showed that the amount of adsorbed metal increased with the increasing of the pH of metal solution. For these three polymers, the amount of metal ions Cd(II), Cu(II) and Cr(III) adsorbed was optimum at pH 7, 6 and 5 respectively. The optimum contact time for Cd(II) and Cu(II) was 120 min, while that for Cr(III) was 60 min. Study of the adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption of Cd(II), Cu(II) and Cr(III) using polymer 2a followed kinetics model of Ho. For adsorbent 2b and 2c, the adsorption kinetics of Cd(II) and Cr(III) also followed kinetics model of Ho while for the Cu(II) followed Lagergren kinetic models. Isothermal studies showed that the adsorption of metal ions on all adsorbents tend to follow the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption energies of the three adsorbents were higher than 23 kJ/mole and polymer 2c has the largest adsorption capacity for Cr(III).

ENHANCEMENT OF THE SENSITIVITY AND SELECTIVITY OF THE VOLTAMMETRIC SENSOR FOR URIC ACID USING MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMER Miratul Khasanah; Mudasir Mudasir; Agus Kuncaka; Eko Sugiharto; Ganden Supriyanto; Siti Wafiroh
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The sensitivity and selectivity of voltammetric sensor for uric acid can be improved by modifying the working electrode using a polymer with a molecular template (molecularly imprinted polymer, MIP). Polymer and MIP was synthesized from methacrylic acid (MAA) as monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylic acid (EGDMA) as cross-linker, uric acid (UA) as template and the results were characterized by various methods. The poly-MAA formation was identified by a decrease in the intensity of infrared (IR) spectra at ~1540 cm-1 (C=C) and an increase at ~1700 cm-1 (C=O) compared to the IR spectra of the MAA and EGDMA. The SEM analysis showed that the cavity of polymer is small enough (~ 0.1 µm) and homogeneous. Establishment of MIP was carried out by extracting of the uric acid from the polymer network. The IR spectra of MIP exhibited the decrease in intensity at ~1700 cm-1 (C=O) compared to the non imprinted polymer (NIP). The data of BET analysis showed that polymer pore size increase slightly from 37.71 Å to 38.02 Å after the extraction process of uric acid from the polymer network. Its may be due to incomplete extraction of uric acid from the polymer network. Modifications of hanging mercury drop electrode using MIP made from MAA, EGDMA, and UA with a mole ratio of 1:3:1 produced a sensitive and selective voltammetric sensor for uric acid. The sensitivity obtained was 16.405 nA L/µg. The presence of ascorbic acid in equal concentration with uric acid decreased the current response of only 0.08%. Compared to HMDE electrode, the sensitivity and selectivity of the HMDE-MIP sensor enhanced about 100 and 700 times, respectively. The detection limit was found to be 5.94 x10-10 M.

A TRITERPENE ESTER SAPONIN FROM THE SEED OF Barringtonia asiatica Rymond J Rumampuk; Emma J Pongoh; Ponis Tarigan; Anthony J Herlt; Lewis N Mander
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 3, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A triterpene ester saponin has been isolated from the seed of Barringtonia asiatica and its structure has been established by extensive application of high-resolution FABMS and two dimensional NMR techniques to be 3-O-{[β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyloxy}-22-O-[2-methylbutyroyloxy]-15,16,28-trihydroxy-(3β,15α,16α,22α)-olean-12-ene.

STUDY ON THE CONCENTRATION EFFECT OF Nb2O5-ZAA CATALYST TOWARDS TOTAL CONVERSION OF BIODIESEL IN TRANSESTERIFICATION OF WASTED COOKING OIL Astuti Tri Padmaningsih; Wega Trisunaryanti; Iqmal Tahir
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 6, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Study on the concentration effect of Nb2O5-ZAAcatalyst towards total conversion of biodiesel has been conducted. The natural zeolite (ZA) was activated by dipping in NH4Cl solution and was calcined using N2 atmosphere at 500 °C for 5h to produce the ZAA sample. The Nb2O5-ZAA catalyst was made by mixing the activated natural zeolite (ZAA), Nb2O5 3 % (w/w) and oxalic acid 10 % (w/w) solution, until the paste was formed, followed by drying and calcining the catalyst for 3 h at 500 °C under N2 atmosphere. Catalyst characterizations were conducted by measuring acidity with NH3 gas using gravimetric method and porosimetric analysis using N2 gas adsorption based on the BET equation by surface area analyzer instrument. The Nb2O5-ZAA catalyst was then used as an acid catalyst in free fatty acid esterification reaction of wasted cooking oil in methanol medium with variation of catalyst concentration: 1.25%; 2.5%; 3.75% and 5% towards the weight of oil+methanol. The reaction was continued by transesterification of triglyceride in the used cooking oil using NaOH catalyst in methanol medium. For comparison, the esterification reaction using H2SO4 catalyst 1.25% towards the weight of oil+methanol has been conducted as well. Methyl ester (biodiesel) product was analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The characters of biodiesel were analyzed using American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) method. The results showed that modification of ZAA by impregning Nb2O5 3% (w/w) increased the total catalyst acidity from 5.00 mmol/g to 5.65 mmol/g. The Nb2O5-ZAA catalyst has specific surface area of 60.61 m2/g, total pore volume of 37.62x10-3 cc/g and average pore radius of 12.41 Å. The Nb2O5-ZAAcatalyst with concentration of 1.25%-5% produced higher total conversion of biodiesel than that of H2SO4 catalyst 1.25%. The Nb2O5-ZAA catalyst with concentration of 3.75% produced the highest total conversion of biodiesel, i.e. 76.76 %. Based on the ASTM data analysis, the product has a qualification as diesel fuel.

AFFINITY BIOSENSOR BASED ON SCREEN-PRINTED ELECTRODE MODIFIED WITH DNA FOR GENOTOXIC COMPOUNDS DETECTION Bambang Kuswandi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

An electrochemical method for the detection of the genotoxic compounds using a DNA-modified electrode was developed. This electrode was successfully used for the electrochemical detection of genotoxic compounds in water samples. The electrochemical results clearly demonstrated that, the development is related to the molecular interaction between the surface-linked DNA obtained from calf thymus and the target compounds, such as pollutants, in order to develop a simple device for rapid screening of genotoxic compounds in environmental samples. The detection of such compounds was measured by their effect on the oxidation signal of the guanine peak of the DNA immobilised on the surface of carbon based Screen-Printed Electrode (SPE) in disposable mode, and monitored by square-wave voltametric analysis. The DNA biosensor is able to detect known intercalating and groove-binding genotoxic compounds such as Dioxin, Bisphenol A, PCBs, and Phtalates. Application to real water samples is discussed and reported.

SYNTHESIS OF POLY-5,7-DIALLYL-25,26,27,28-TETRAHYDROXYCALIX[4]ARENE Desi Suci Handayani; Jumina Jumina; Maulidan Firdaus; Triana Kusumaningsih
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The synthesis of poly-5,7-diallyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene were performed in experimental series as follows: (1) Cyclotetramerization of p-t-butylphenol with NaOH and paraformaldehyde to p-butylcalix[4]arene, (2) Debutylation of p-butylcalix[4]arene using AlCl3 and phenol to tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene, (3) Allylation reaction using allylbromide to diallyloxy-dihydroxycalix[4]arene, (4) Claisen rearrangement reaction, (5) Cationic polymerization to diallylcalix[4]arenes. All of the synthesized products were analyzed by means of IR spectrometer and 1H-NMR spectrometer. The result of 25,27-diallyloxy-26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene synthesis was white crystals having m.p. 205-207 °C in 80.95% yield. The synthesis of 5,7-diallyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-calix[4]arene gave light yellow crystals having m.p. 214-216 °C in 78.67% yield. The polymerization gave poly(5,7-diallyl-25,26,27,28-tetra-hydroxycalix[4]arene) having m.p. 338-340 °C, in 60% yield. Its estimated has a relative molecular weight of 18,738 g/mol with the number of unit repetition about 37 monomer units.

ANTIBIOTIC COMPOUND FROM MARINE ACTINOMYCETES (Streptomyces sp A11): ISOLATION AND STRUCTURE ELUCIDATON Rofiq Sunaryanto; Bambang Marwoto; Tun Tedja Irawadi; Zainal Alim Mas’ud; Liesbetini Hartoto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Purification and structure elucidation of antibiotic produced by marine actinomycetes (Streptomyces sp A11) was conducted. Production of antibiotic was carried out by liquid fermentation using yeast and peptone medium for 5 days fermentation. Purification of antibiotic was carried out by silica gel 60 (Merck, 0.063-0.200 mm) column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Structure elucidation was carried out using ESI-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT 13C NMR, and FTIR. This antibiotic was identified as cyclo (tyrosyl-prolyl) / (C14H16N2O3). This antibiotic had biological activity to Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 66923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, and produced by extracellular secretion.

GROWTH RATE DISPERSION (GRD) OF THE (010) FACE OF BORAX CRYSTALS IN FLOWING SOLUTION Suharso Suharso; Gordon Parkinson; Mark Ogden
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 4, No 3 (2004)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The growth rates of borax crystals from aqueous solutions in the (010) direction at various flow rates were measured. The observed variations of the growth rate can be represented by a normal distribution. It was found that there is no correlation between growth rate distribution and solution flow under these experimental conditions.

Page 45 of 199 | Total Record : 1981

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