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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 1,981 Documents

56 57 58 59 60

ESTIMATION OF SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION RATE IN JAKARTA BAY USING NATURAL RADIONUCLIDE UNSUPPORTED 210Pb Ali Arman Lubis; Barokah Aliyanta; Yulizon Menry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 7, No 3 (2007)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The investigation of sediment accumulation rate has been carried out in Jakarta Bay. The aim of this study is to estimate the accumulation rate of sediment using natural radionuclide 210Pb as a tracer, through the profile of unsupported 210Pb. Sediment cores of 40 cm and 30 cm length were collected using gravity core from 2 locations (TJ22 and TJ17A) in Jakarta Bay. Samples were sliced at 2 cm length, prepared and analyzed using PIPS detector Alpha Spectrometer. The result shows that in TJ22 consist of 3 layers; LS1 in the depth of (0-2) cm as a mixing layer, LS2 (2-16) and LS3 (16-26) cm and TJ17A has 3 layers; LS1 in the depth of (0-6) cm, LS2 (6-18) cm and LS3 (18-24) cm. Accumulation rate of sediment of LS2 and LS3 in TJ22 are 0.583 cm/y and 0.074 cm/y and in TJ17A are 0,852 cm/y and 0.115 cm/y, respectively. The accumulation rate of sediment since 30 years ago is higher than previous period.

The Fermentation of Green Algae (Spirogyra majuscule Kuetz) using Immobilitation Technique of Ca-Alginate for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Entrapment Atmanto Heru Wibowo; Lailatul Mubarokah; Adhitasari Suratman
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 13, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A study of batch fermentation of green algae (Spirogyra majuscula Kuetz) from Pengging Lake, Boyolali, Central Java for bioethanol source using immobilization technique of Ca-alginate for Saccaromyces cerevisiae entrapment has been done. The scope of the study emphasized on the best condition for the processes of hydrolysis and fermentation. Concentration of sulfuric acid and hydrolysis time were varied with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 M for 30, 90, 150, 210, 270, 330, 360, 390, 420, and 450 min to obtain the maximum glucose content of UV analysis. Na-alginate : yeast ratio and fermentation time were varied with 1:5, 2:4, 3:3, 4:2 and 5:1 (w/w) for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days. Distillation at 70-80 °C was deployed to purify the fermentation product. The ethanol content in the product was analyzed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The result of study showed that maximum glucose content was obtained 2.1% from 0.2 M sulfuric acid for 6 h of hydrolysis. Maximum ethanol content was obtained 54.1% from 2:4 ratio of Na-alginate : yeast (w/w) for 4 days of fermentation. The study also concludes that immobilization technique of Ca-alginate increase alcohol content compared to without immobilization of green-algae fermentation.

CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION OF EUGENOL ISOLATED FROM CLOVE OIL TO 4-ALLYL-2-METHOXY-6-SULFONICPHENOL AND 4-ALLYL-2-METHOXY-6-AMINOPHENOL I Made Sudarma; Maria Ulfa; Sarkono Sarkono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The overall objective of this research was to develop new compounds with potential biological activity from readily accessed natural products, in particular eugenol. Eugenol has been reported to posses antioxidant and anticancer properties. In an attempt to enhance intrinsic activity of this natural compound, some derivatives were possible to synthesize. The main aim of this preliminary research was to isolate eugenol from clove oil and made its sulfonic and amine derivatives through chemical transformation. Clove oil was extracted from clove buds with dichloromethane and followed by isolation of eugenol using column chromatography to afford eugenol (73%). Eugenol has been reported to posses antioxidant and anticancer properties. In an attempt to enhance intrinsic activity of this natural compound, some derivatives were possible to synthesize. Eugenol was transformed to its sulfonic derivative in moderate yield by treatment with chlorosulfonic acid and to its amine by reduction of its nitro derivative. This transformation was rapidly confirmed by GC-MS analysis which showed significance molecular ion at m/z 244 corresponding to molecular formula C10H12SO5. and at m/z 179 corresponding to molecular formula C10H11O2NH2.

Synthesis of Chalcone and Flavanone Compound Using Raw Material of Acetophenone and Benzaldehyde Derivative Ismiyarto Ismiyarto; Sabirin Matsjeh; Chairil Anwar
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 1, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Synthesis of flavanoid compounds of chalcone and flavanone groups have been conducted. Flavanoid Is one of the group natural products which is mostly found in plants and have been proved to have physiological activity as drug. In this research, chalcone proup compounds that being synthesized are: chalcone, 3,4-dimethoxychalcone, 2'-hidroxy-3,4-dimethoxychalcone where as compound of flavanone group that being synthesized is 3',4'-dimethoxyflavanone. The synthesis of chalcone group are carried out based on Claisen-Schmidt reaction by using raw material of aromatic aldehydes and aromatic ketones. The synthesis in carried out by stirring at the room temperature using alkali solution as catalyst and ethanol as solvent. The synthesis of 3',4'-dimethoxyflanone is made based on the nucleophilic 1,4 addition of the unsaturated α,β ketone. The synthesis is made by refluxing 2'-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxychalcone in alkali condition for 12 hours. The identification of flavanoid compound is carried out by using spectroscopic IR, GC-MS and 1H-NMR methods. The result of each synthesis chalcone group are follows: chalcone as yellowish solid with m.p= 50 °C and the yield is 83.39%; 3,4-dimethoxychalcone as yellow solid with m.p= 57°C and the yield is 76.00% ; 2'-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxychalcone as orange solid with m.p= 90 °C and the yield is 74.29%, for 3',4'-dimethoxyflavanone as pale yellow solid with m.p= 80 °C and the yield is 72.00%.

STRUCTURE – ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES RELATIONSHIP ANALYSIS OF ISOEUGENOL, EUGENOL, VANILIN AND THEIR DERIVATIVES Nur Aini; Bambang Purwono; Iqmal Tahir
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 7, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) technique between the theoretical parameters and antioxidant activities of isoeugenol, eugenol, vanillin and their derivatives as Mannich reaction products, have been analyzed. Antioxidant activities were examined by oxidation reaction of oleic acid at 60 °C with b-carotene methods, whereas theoretical parameters of the activities were determined by calculating Bonding Dissociation Enthalpy (BDE) and net charge of oxygen atom(-OH) using AM1 semi empiric methods. The result from both test showed in the following orders: BHT > Mannich product of isoeugenol > isoeugenol > Mannich product of eugenol > eugenol > Mannich product of vanillin > vanillin. The antioxidant activities increase with small the BDE value and high the net charge. Electron donating groups will increase the antioxidants activity with lowering the BDE value and increasing the net charge, while electron-withdrawing groups will decrease antioxidants activity.

IMMOBILIZATION OF HUMIC ACID ONTO CHITOSAN USING TOSYLATION METHOD WITH 1,4-BUTANEDIOL AS A SPACER ARM Uripto Trisno Santoso; Radna Nurmasari; Dewi Umaningrum; Sri Juari Santosa; Bambang Rusdiarso; Dwi Siswanta
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Immobilization of humic acid (HA) onto chitosan using tosylation method with 1,4-butanediol as a spacer arm has been evaluated. Chitosan was phthaloylated selectively using phthalic anhydride in dimethylformamide as solvent with addition of 5% water (v/v) as cosolvent prior to be tosylated. N-phthaloyl-chitosan and HA were tosylated using tosyl chloride in excess and triethylamine as catalyst at temperature < 10 °C for 12 h. The 6-O-tosyl-N-phthaloyl-chitosan was reacted with 1,4-butanediol in order to obtain a spacer arm attached chitosan. The 6-O-butanol-N-phthaloyl-chitosan was activated by reacting with tosyl chloride. For evaluation on immobilization of HA on chitosan with and without spacer arm, 6-O-tosylbutane-N-phthaloyl-chitosan was reacted with HA and the 6-O-tosyl-N-phthaloyl-chitosan was reacted with HA. The HA immobilized onto chitosan was characterized by XRD and FTIR spectrophotometric method. The result showed that HA can be immobilized covalently onto chitosan after attaching 1,4-butanediol as spacer arm onto 6-O-tosyl-N-phthaloyl-chitosan and activating the product with tosyl chloride, but HA cannot be reacted directly onto 6-O-tosyl-N-phthaloyl-chitosan.

DETERMINATION OF CARBAMATE PESTICIDES USING A BIOSENSOR BASED ON ENZYME ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AND CHOLIN OXIDASE ON PLATINUM ELECTRODE Mashuni Mashuni; M. Syahrul; A. Ahmad; A. W. Wahab
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

In recent years, instead of their potential hazard to human health, carbamic pesticides are widely used in agriculture. Therefore, there is a growing interest in rapid and accurate determination for food safety and environmental monitoring. The aim of this research is to designs a biosensor for analyzing carbamate pesticides residue in sample with composite variables of glutaraldehyde (GA) concentration in electrode membrane. Enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was co-immobilised with choline oxidase (ChO) onto a platinum (Pt) surface using a solution of 5%, 10%, 15% cellulose acetate and 25% glutaraldehyde. The result of this research show that detection limit of the sensor using cellulose acetate 5%, 10 % and 15 % are 10-7.7 M, 10-8.7 M and 10-7.6 M respectively. The results are approximately equal to 2.2 ppb-0.2 ppb, which means that this biosensor is very sensitive for determining carbamates pesticides residue. Detection limit of biosensors are comparable to that of the conventional instrument such as Gas Chromatography (GC) and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), i.e. 1.5 ppb and 2.0 ppb respectively. The proposed electrochemical pesticide sensitivity test exhibited high sensitivity, desirable accuracy, low cost and simplified procedure.

A FLAVONOL COMPOUND FROM Chingia sakayensis (Zeiller) Holtt AND ITS ACTIVITY AS DPPH FREE RADICAL SCAVENGER Suyatno Suyatno; Rukmaningsih Rukmaningsih; Noor Cholies Zaini; Motoo Tori
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 3, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

It has been separated a flavonol 3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxy flavone (kaemferol) from the methanol extract partitioned by ethyl acetate of the leaves of the fern Chingia sakayensis (Zeiller) Holtt. This was obtained as yellow crystals with m.p. 271-273oC. Characterization of its molecular structure was carried out by spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, 1H-NMR, HMQC, HMBC, 13C-NMR and FABMS). Kaemferol indicated the DPPH free radical scavenger activity in TLC autography.

DISPERSION AND SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF URANIUM IN THE ZEOLITE-QUARTZ MIXTURE AS BACKFILL MATERIAL IN THE RADIOACTIVE WASTE REPOSITORY Herry Poernomo; Noor Anis Kundari
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 6, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The experiment of sorption and dispersion characteristics of uranium in the zeolite-quartz mixture as candidate of raw material of backfill material in the radioactive waste repository has been performed. The objective is to know the effect of zeolite and quartz grain size on the zeolite-to-quartz weight ratio that gives porosity (ε), permeability (K), and dispersivity (α) of uranium in the zeolite-quartz mixture as backfill material. The experiment was carried out by fixed bed method in the column filled by the zeolite-quartz mixture with zeolite-to-quartz weight percent ratio of 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, 20/80, 0/100 wt. % in the water saturated condition flowed by uranyl nitrate solution of 500 ppm concentration (Co) as uranium simulation which was leached from immobilized radioactive waste in the repository. The concentration of uranium in the effluents represented as Ct were analyzed by spectrophotometer Corning Colorimeter 253 every 15 minutes, then using Co and Ct uranium dispersivity (α) in the backfill material was determined. The experiment data shown that 0.196 mm particle size of zeolite and 0.116 mm particle size of quartz on the zeolite-to-quartz weight ratio of 60/40 wt. % with ε = 0.678, K = 3.345x10-4 cm/second, and α = 0.759 cm can be proposed as candidate of raw material of backfill material in the radioactive waste repository.

GREEN CHEMISTRY APPLICATION FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF (1)-N-4’-METHOXYBENZYL-1,10-PHENANTHROLINIUM BROMIDE Maulidan Firdaus; Jumina Jumina; Chairil Anwar
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A simple, energy-efficient, and relatively quick synthetic procedure for the synthesis of (1)-N-4'-methoxybenzyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium bromide, based on green chemistry principles has been carried out. The synthesis was started by solvent-free reduction of p-anisaldehyde with NaBH4 to give 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol in 98% yield to be followed by solvent-free treatment of the resulted alcohol with PBr3 to yield 4-methoxybenzyl bromide (86%). Furthermore, the obtained bromide was reacted with 1,10-phenanthroline in acetone at reflux for 12 h to give the phenanthrolinium salt target in 68% yield.

Page 58 of 199 | Total Record : 1981

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