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Jurna lAntropologi Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 1693167X     EISSN : 16936086     DOI : 10.7454
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
ANTROPOLOGI INDONESIA was published to develop and enrich scientific discussion for scholars who put interest on socio-cultural issues in Indonesia. These journals apply peer-reviewed process in selecting high quality article. Editors welcome theoretical or research based article submission. Author’s argument doesn’t need to be in line with editors. The criteria of the submitted article covers the following types of article: first, the article presents the results of an ethnographic/qualitative research in certain topic and is related with ethnic/social groups in Indonesia; second, the article is an elaborated discussion of applied and collaborative research with strong engagement between the author and the collaborator’s subject in implementing intervention program or any other development initiative that put emphasizes on social, political, and cultural issues; third, a theoretical writing that elaborates social and cultural theory linked with the theoretical discourse of anthropology, especially in Indonesia anthropology; last, the article is a critical review of anthropological reference and other ethnography books that must be published at least in the last 3 years.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 579 Documents
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Developing an Indigenous Modernity: Changing Birth Practices in Bali Lyn Parker
Antropologi Indonesia No 70 (2003): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

Wacana akademis internasional tentang modernitas seringkali mengasumsikan modernitas bersifat universal dan homogen. Tulisan ini membantah asumsi tersebut melalui penelitian tentang medikalisasi kelahiran di Bali. Tiga tempat utama untuk melahirkan-rumah keluarga laki-laki, klinik lokal, dan rumah sakit umum daerah-memperlihatkan peningkatan derajat 'modern', namun banyak staf medis masih mengakomodasi praktik-praktik kelahiran tradisional. Sebagai contoh, keyakinan tentang kemampuan Kanda Mpat - empat spirit pelindung setiap bayi - diakomodasi, bahkan di rumah sakit sekalipun. Perawatan secararitual terhadap Kanda Mpat berlanjut; dan pengetahuan tentang Kanda Mpat secara umum meningkat. Tulisan ini menjelaskan bahwa keberlanjutan dan penyesuaian praktik-praktik kelahiran terhadap lingkungan baru memperlihatkan tidak adanya suatu pertentangan antara tradisi asli dan modernitas global. Wanita-wanita Bali menciptakan versi mereka sendiri tentang modernitas pada saat kelahiran.
After the Kuta Bombing: In Search of the Balinese Soul Jean Couteau
Antropologi Indonesia No 70 (2003): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

Tulisan ini mengkaji perubahan mentalitas masyarakat Bali setelah peledakan bom di Kuta. Tiga reaksi utama menandai peristiwa tersebut yaitu: gelombang solidaritas, kecenderungan ke arah ritual, dan politisasi adat yang mengarah pada tindakan-tindakan diskriminatif terhadap penduduk non-Bali (pendatang). Reaksi-reaksi ini harus dipahami dengan latar belakang hegemoni negara sepanjang abad ke-20, dan khususnya dengan latar belakang manipulasi orde baru terhadap konsep kebudayaan. Paruh pertama abad ini ditandai oleh pemisahan antara kebiasaan atau tradisi (adat) dan agama yang sebelumnya tidak dibedakan, dan kemudian diikuti oleh munculnya identitas religius masyarakat Hindu Bali. Orde Baru di bawah kepemimpinan Soeharto, saat mencoba mempolitisasi etnisitas melalui kebudayaan, menghasilkan hal sebaliknya: sementara regim Soeharto dan kroni-kroninya menggunakan kebudayaan untuk menutupi maksudnya menguasai perekonomian pulau Bali; masyarakat Bali menggunakan hal itu untuk pertahanan diri dan simbol identitas mereka. Hal tersebut menyebabkan meningkatnya kristalisasi etnis melalui religi dan/atau adat. Namun, pembangunan ekonomi juga menciptakan jaringan-jaringan solidaritas antaretnik. Nasib Bali tergantung diantara dua kecenderungan tersebut. Pada saat krisis ekonomi dan politik semakin parah, demikian juga politisasi etnisitas dan tuntutan untuk pemisahan diri sendiri yang bentuknya hingga kini belum jelas.
From Puiq (Silencing) to Politik: Transformations in Political Action and Cultural Exclusion from late-1990’s John M. MacDougall
Antropologi Indonesia No 70 (2003): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

Sejak berakhirnya masa kepemimpinan Suharto di Indonesia, pada bulan Mei 1998, media massa dan pemerintah memberikan perlakuan khusus kepada Bali. Di tengah konflik-konflik yang terjadi, Pulau Bali menjadi simbol keamanan dan kerukunan antarumat beragamadi Indonesia. Selama kurun waktu beberapa tahun selanjutnya yang penuh dengan konflik dan konspirasi, kelompok elit dari Ambon, orang-orang Kristen dari Lombok, orang-orang keturunan Cina dari Jakarta, para aktivis Timor Timur, dan puluhan ribu penggangguran dari Jawa mencoba mencari perlindungan di tanah Bali. Campur tangan para partisan partai di tingkat nasional memainkan peran yang penting dan tidak terhindarkan dalam mendefinisi ulang cara orang Bali merekonstruksi identitas budayanya yang amat kuat ditunjang oleh pariwisata dan strategi pembangunan selama Orde Baru. Sayangnya, proses rekonstruksi budaya ini tidak berjalan seperti yang diharapkan. Saat kesempatan untuk reformasi daerah atau partai politik muncul sebagai alternatif yang memungkinkan, eksklusivisme kedaerahan yang justru muncul.
Merevitalisasi Tradisi: Mengadopsi Desa Adat di Bali sebagai Unit Perancangan Kota T. Nirarta Samadhi
Antropologi Indonesia No 70 (2003): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

Urban design projects aim at achieving better environments in the sense that they are supportive of the culture of the inhabitants. Careful consideration of socio-cultural aspects of a space is a precursor to approach this goal. The existence of traditional settlements (i.e. desa adat) as spatio-cultural units in a Balinese setting has never been accommodated in the contemporary projects of urban spatial design. In this respect, the opportunity to achieve supportive environments is certainly become remote. Long known for the extensive traditional and religious role it has played in the life of the Balinese, the desa adat is central to that culture. Essentially, this unit is cosmologically independent and socio-religiously meaningful, and thus needs to be treated accordingly in a socio spatial manipulation process. With regard to the spatial design of the Balinese space, this cosmological unit (Geertz 1959, 1980) determines land use, street layout, location of settlement's elements, and the like (Parimin 1985; Samadhi 2001).This paper aims to explore the existence of desa adat as a Balinese cultural institution, and argues for its utilization as an urban design unit. Ultimately, it tries to promote multiculturalism and pluralism in the urban design as a socio-spatial process in the Indonesian planning system.
Simposium Internasional Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia: Membangun Kembali ‘Indonesia yang Bhinneka Tunggal Ika’: Menuju Masyarakat Multikultural Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Antropologi Indonesia No 70 (2003): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

Rubrik berita kali ini masih memuat informasi lanjutan tentang resume panel-panel yang digelar pada acara Simposium Internasional Jurnal ANTROPOLOGI INDONESIA ke-3 tanggal16-19 Juli 2002, di Universitas Udayana, Bali. Selain resume dari sebagian sebagian panel tersebut, disajikan pula berita tentang Workshop on Visual Anthropology dalam rubrik berita ini
Kebijakan Negara Indonesia terhadap Etnik Tionghoa: Dari Asimilasi ke Multikulturalisme? Leo Suryadinata
Antropologi Indonesia No 71 (2003): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

In many multi-ethnic and multi-religious societies, nation building has often become the urgent task of the government. Under the authoritarian rule of Soeharto, the state introduced an assimilationist policy towards the ethnic Chinese. As the model of the Indonesian nation was based on indigeneity, the ethnic Chinese, considered to be foreign, were expected to be absorbed into the 'native population'. However, after the fall of Soeharto and the rise of a more democratic regime, this policy has been gradually abandoned and multiculturalism has been adopted. This paper aims at examining the evolving concept of the Indonesian nation, the state changing policies towards the ethnic Chinese and the responses of this minority, especially after the fall of the New Order regime. The revival of Chinese ethnicity and the relationship with nation building in the land of the Garuda will also be discussed.
Kendala-kendala Sejarah dalam Penerimaan Etnis Cina di Indonesia yang Multikultural Charles A. Coppel
Antropologi Indonesia No 71 (2003): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

Indonesia's motto (Bhinneka Tunggal Ika), like that of the United States (E pluribus unum), suggests a multicultural unity in diversity appropriate to such a large nation comprising hundreds of ethnic groups (suku bangsa). Not every ethnic group has been treated in the same way, however. Ethnic Chinese Indonesians have been classified as people of foreign descent (keturunan asing) rather than as a suku bangsa, although many peranakan Chinese families have been settled in Indonesia for centuries and have indigenous as well as Chinese ancestry. Why was itso difficult for peranakan Chinese to gain acceptance as Indonesians? Why were their counterparts, the mestizo Chinese, accepted so readily as Filipinos? The paper will consider the timing of the rise of the relevant national consciousnesses (Chinese, Filipino, Indonesian) and their interactions, as well as the policies of the relevant governments (colonial and Chinese) toward the ethnic Chinese population in the two countries. Partha Chatterjee has written about nationalist thought in the Third World as a derivative discourse. It will be argued that Indonesian nationalist thought, in its attitudes to the ethnic Chinese, has been heavily influenced by the policies and mentality of the Dutch colonial government.
Kesukubangsaan dan Posisi Orang Cina dalam Masyarakat Majemuk Indonesia Parsudi Suparlan
Antropologi Indonesia No 71 (2003): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

This article will discuss legal and social discrimination against Chinese ethnic group in Indonesia and will show that the ethnic Chinese has been categorized as The Other since Chinese people are believed to have come from foreign country (China) and maintain their identity as different from other Indonesian ethnic groups. The discussion is focused on the essence of Indonesia as a multicultural society based on ethnicities as social force to develop social interactions within social, economy and political structures at the personal, social and state levels.
Murid Pri dan Nonpri pada Sekolah Pembauran: Kebijakan Asimilasi Orde Baru di Bidang Pendidikan dan Dampaknya terhadap Masyarakat Multikultural Usman Pelly
Antropologi Indonesia No 71 (2003): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

This paper is written based on the author's research on the policy of Chinese assimilation in two types of high school in Medan (1985-1986). Based on education policy issued in 1975,Indonesian students of Chinese descent are brought to contact with 'local students' to absorb so-called National culture through assimilation in schools. The author specifies two models of assimilation school, one is public schools, and the other is private schools with certain religious affiliations. There are seven indicators to measure successful assimilation (cultural, structural, amalgamations, identification, attitude, behaviour, and civic education) which show that the overall success of the assimilation agenda is still open to question if not unexpected. However, the author remarks that surprisingly, the assimilation process seems to have met with greater success in religious schools rather than public schools and he also critically points out that the basic assumption of assimilation is misleading and does not support the enrichment of a multicultural society.
Dimensi Sosial dan Kultural Kekerasan Berdasarkan Jender di Indonesia: Dari Penjulukan ke Diskriminasi ke Kekerasan Mely G. Tan
Antropologi Indonesia No 71 (2003): Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Anthropology

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Abstract

This article examines the social and cultural roots of gender-based violence in Indonesia. The emphasis is on social relations, particularly ethnic group relations, and on cultural practices-especially those within the family that endanger women. The author argues that there is a process which begins with labeling, followed by state-sanctioned discrimination, and that culminates in the creation of situations prone to violence. The author provides examples from various regions in Indonesia as well as from different periods in Indonesian history. She further argues that the process can be stopped with a more positive attitude towards the diversity of Indonesian society, which must be brought about by education in the home and in schools, and by legal reforms.

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